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Childhood Memories and Contemporary Parenting in Ekiti, Nigeria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 July 2012

Abstract

The practice of pawning children, whose labour served as interest paid on loans, was common in precolonial and early colonial Ekiti Yoruba society. Known as , these children would work for the lender until their kinsmen had repaid the debts they had incurred. British colonial officials came to view this practice as a form of slavery and eventually outlawed it. This paper considers the life history of one older man who worked as an in a small Ekiti Yoruba town, focusing on his memories of child-pawning and how this practice has been interpreted by his children. The paper then examines the process whereby people's changed thinking about the moral bases of pawning parallels contemporary reassessments of the practice of child-fostering by young parents, some of whom claim that it is ‘like slavery’. How subsequent generations of townspeople remember slavery, child-pawning and, more recently, child-fostering, have implications for reproduction, since what it means to have the number of children who can be ‘raised well’ may contribute to social and economic pressures to limit family size. This study of memories of pawning and child-fostering, which support reduced fertility, underscores the ways that distinctive historical experiences have had different consequences for how reproduction is perceived and practised.

Résumé

La pratique de la mise en gage d'enfants, dont le travail servait de versement d'intérêts sur des sommes prêtées, était courante dans la société Ekiti Yoruba précoloniale et du début de l'époque coloniale. Connus sous le nom de ces enfants travaillaient pour le prêteur jusqu'à ce que leur famille ait remboursé les dettes encourues. Les fonctionnaires coloniaux britanniques, considérant cette pratique comme une forme d'esclavage, finirent par l'interdire. Cet article s'intéresse à la vie d'un homme âgé qui a travaillé comme dans une petite ville Ekiti Yoruba, et plus particulièrement aux souvenirs de cette pratique et à la manière dont ses enfants l'ont interprétée. L'article fait ensuite un parallèle entre le changement d'opinion populaire concernant le fondement moral de la mise en gage et la remise en question contemporaine de la pratique du placement d'enfants par de jeunes parents, que certains assimilent à de l'esclavage. La manière dont les générations suivantes de citadins se souviennent de l'esclavage, de la mise en gage d'enfants et, plus récemment, du placement d'enfants, a des implications en matière de reproduction, puisque ce que signifie le fait d'avoir le nombre d'enfants qu'il est possible de «bien élever» peut contribuer aux pressions sociales et économiques de limiter la taille de la famille. Cette étude des souvenirs concernant les pratiques de mise en gage et de placement d'enfants, qui soutiennent une fécondité réduite, souligne la manière dont des expériences historiques particulières ont eu des conséquences différentes sur le mode de perception et de pratique de la reproduction.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 2005

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