^{page 1 note 1} ‘On Linguistic Relationship’, Zaïre, May 1957.

^{page 1 note 2} Greenberg, Studies in African Linguistic Classification; Huntingford, , ‘The “Nilo-Hamitic” languages’, Southwestern J. Anthrop., 1956CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Hohenberger, , ‘Comparative Masai word list’, Africa, July 1956CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Greenberg, , ‘Nilotic, “Nilo-Hamitic” and HamitoSemitic: a reply’, Africa, October 1957CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Hohenberger, , ‘Some notes on Nilotic, “Nilo-Hamitic” and Hamito-Semitic, by Joseph H. Greenberg’, Africa, January 1958CrossRefGoogle Scholar; see also Meeussen, , ‘Hamietisch en Nilotisch’, Zaïre, March 1957Google Scholar, and Westphal, op. cit.

^{page 2 note 1} Either Prefix or Suffix according to language, grammatical context, &c.

^{page 2 note 2} Greenberg regards Plural n as a HAMITIC characteristic.

^{page 2 note 3} Stevenson, A Survey of the Phonetics and Grammatical Structure of the Nuba Mountain Languages.

^{page 3 note 1} There is Concord of a sort, but it is based on grammatical Gender and not on the Noun Class system.

^{page 3 note 2} Dental ţ and ç are distinct from alveolar t and d.

^{page 3 note 3} The symbol / is used to show Singular/Plural opposition, the symbol ∥ to show Masculine∥Feminine opposition throughout.

^{page 4 note 1} Stevenson, op. dt.

^{page 4 note 2} Dental ţ and ç are distinct from alveolar t and d.

^{page 5 note 1} Stevenson, manuscript notes.

^{page 6 note 1} Beaton, ‘Fur Grammar’ (MS.).

^{page 6 note 2} Stevenson, manuscript notes on TAMA; Lukas; ‘Die Sprache der Sungor in Wadai (aus Nachtigals Nachlass).’

^{page 7 note 1} -t, however, also occurs as a Plural Suffix, with corresponding Singular Suffix zero.

^{page 7 note 2} The use of this label by-passes the present controversy about the right name for the Larger Unit consisting of BARI, LOTUHO, the TESO Group, MAASAI and the NANDI Group.

^{page 8 note 1} See footnote 2 on p. I.

^{page 8 note 2} See especially SUK, under NANDI, p. 9.

^{page 8 note 3} Spagnolo, Bari Grammar.

^{page 9 note 1} Huntingford, , A manual of the Nandi latiguagt (cyclostyled, 1958)Google Scholar, from which all examples are taken.

^{page 9 note 2} Anaptictic d after n.

^{page 10 note 1} Cf. ‘witch’, above.

^{page 10 note 2} Examples from Tucker, personal communication.

^{page 10 note 3} With the Prefix denoting ‘Place’, kap-, we are not here concerned.

^{page 10 note 4} ‘The “Nilo-Hamitic” languages’.

^{page 10 note 5} On the correspondence of t and c, see pp. 14–15.

^{page 10 note 6} Huntingford, ‘The “Nilo-Hamitic” languages’.

^{page 10 note 7} ‘Les langues chamito-sémitiques’, in Meillet and Cohen, Les Langues du monde, 1924, and many subsequent works.

^{page 11 note 1} Greenberg's suggested name ‘Afroasiatic’ has the merit of avoiding the dichotomy between SEMITIC and non-SEMITIC, but is not adopted here, owing to its possible political overtones.

^{page 11 note 2} Called by Cernili ‘suffisso individuale’.

^{page 11 note 3} Leslau, , ‘Notes on Kambatta of southern Ethiopia’, Africa, October 1952.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{page 12 note 1} The combination of nasal with t in nomina agentis is reminiscent of BARI -nit.

^{page 12 note 2} The Masculine element b in BEDAWIE is unique in CUSHITIC. Klingenheben (‘Althamito semitische nominale Genusexponenten in heutigen Hamitensprachen’) describes it as an old Gender Suffix, occurring only after a vowel; he relates it to ANCIENT EGYPTIAN.

^{page 13 note 1} Moreno, Manuale di Sidamo. The names given to the Tenses are Moreno's.

^{page 13 note 2} ‘Die Präfix- und Suffixkonjugationen des Hamitosemitischen’.

^{page 14 note 1} Whereas HS t occurs throughout HAMITOSEMITIC, an opposition of t and k does not occur in any HAMITO-SEMITIC languages except CUSHITIC.

^{page 14 note 2} In NANDI, however, c is the sign of the Feminine, k of the Masculine (see p. Io).

^{page 14 note 3} The Particularizer appears to be used with Nouns denoting persons only; this includes tribal names (Andrzejewski, personal communication).

^{page 15 note 1} Note also distinction of Gender by vowel change (HAMITO-SEMITIC).

^{page 15 note 2} Note also distinction of Gender by vowel change.

^{page 16 note 1} It is so classed by Greenberg, but the points of resemblance are too few to warrant this classification.

^{page 16 note 2} For a fuller description of the Genders, see Whiteley, A Short Description of Item Categories in Iraqiw, from which all examples are taken.

^{page 16 note 3} Other HAMITO-SEMITIC features in the IRAQW Group are the 2nd Person morpheme t, used in Verb conjugation, and the 2nd Person Self-standing Pronoun containing the element k, with Gender distinction shown by vowel change.

^{page 17 note 1} Dyson-Hudson, MS. vocabulary.

^{page 17 note 2} See the articles referred to in footnote 2 on p. I.

^{page 18 note 1} See Bryan, ‘The verb in the Tama and Didinga language groups’ (in Lukas, J. [Ed.], Afrkanistische Studien, 1955).

^{page 18 note 2} In BARI-MAASAI-NANDI, many Nouns have a Prefix k-, which has no apparent significance.

^{page 18 note 3} Cp. NILOTIC, e.g. SHILLUK winy.

^{page 18 note 4} Cp. NYIMANG ami.

^{page 18 note 5} Cp. BAGIRMI bisi (but note also AMHARIC wu∫oo).

^{page 18 note 6} Cp. NILOTIC yli, yith.

^{page 18 note 7} In CUSHITIC, OMETO daŋgarsa, KAFFA daŋgiyo, but also SIDAMO danico, SAHO dakano.

^{page 18 note 8} Cp. NILOTIC waŋ.

^{page 18 note 9} Cp. NILOTIC mac.

^{page 19 note 1} Cp. NILOTIC luaŋ.

^{page 19 note 2} Cp. CUSHITIC, AGAU nan.

^{page 19 note 3} Cp. NILOTIC, DINKA kur, stone.

^{page 19 note 4} If -ţ is a Suffix incorporated into the Stem (see P.5).

^{page 19 note 5} Cf. NILOTIC thok, dh⊃k.

^{page 19 note 6} Cf. BONGO-BAGIRMI ŋgaŋ; DAI ŋgi; BUA Group, MANA nye, le.

^{page 19 note 7} Cf. NILOTIC lac.

^{page 20 note 1} Andrzejewski, personal communication.