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The spectre of rootless urban youth (bayaaye) in Kulyennyingi, a novel of Amin-era Uganda

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 August 2021

Abstract

Bayaaye is a Luganda word meaning ‘hooligans’ used since the 1970s to both disparage Ugandan urban youth and celebrate their streetwise resourcefulness. The original so-called bayaaye were youth, often fresh from the countryside, who worked as street hustlers in the 1970s underground economy. This article focuses on how one Ugandan intellectual, M. B. Nsimbi, in his Luganda-language novel about the Idi Amin era, Kulyennyingi (1984), diagnosed the rise of the bayaaye as a national moral pathology. I discuss how this novel relates to earlier Luganda literary works, which advocated an idealized precolonial, rural African tradition as a moral reference point for modern living. A recent revised discourse about urban youth as ‘bayaaye’ or ‘ghetto’, accompanying the political rise of reggae star Bobi Wine, is considered in light of the earlier history of the bayaaye stereotype.

Résumé

Résumé

Bayaaye est un terme luganda, signifiant « hooligans », utilisé depuis les années 1970 pour dénigrer la jeunesse urbaine ougandaise et à la fois saluer sa débrouillardise. À l'origine, les prétendus bayaaye étaient des jeunes des rues, souvent fraîchement arrivés de la campagne et désœuvrés opérant dans l’économie souterraine des années 1970. Cet article s'intéresse à la manière dont M. B. Nsimbi, intellectuel ougandais, dans son roman en langue luganda sur l’ère Idi Amin, Kulyennyingi (1984), a diagnostiqué l’émergence des bayaaye comme une pathologie morale nationale. L'auteur examine comment ce roman s'articule avec des œuvres littéraires en langue luganda précédentes qui prônaient pour une tradition africaine rurale précoloniale idéalisée en tant que point de référence moral de la vie moderne. Un discours révisé récent sur la jeunesse urbaine comme « bayaaye » ou « ghetto », accompagnant l'ascension politique de la star du reggae Bobi Wine, est étudié à la lumière de l'histoire plus ancienne du stéréotype bayaaye.

Type
Rootless urban youth in Uganda
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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