^{page 44 note 2} Nigerian Cocoa Farmers: An Economic Survey of Yoruba Cocoa Farming Families, by R. Galletti, K. D. S. Baldwin, and I. O. Dina, O.U.P. 1956.

^{page 45 note 1} See, for instance, Tradition and Change: The Role of Religion in Yoruba Society, by A. R. I. Doi and J. K. Parratt; Factors Associated with the Adoption of Three Farm Practices in Western Nigeria, by Robert C. Clark and I. A. Akinbode.

^{page 45 note 2} A few of the children and old people, being dependants rather than workers, would of course add more to the size of the household than to its working efficiency.

^{page 45 note 3} The town of Ile-Ife was excluded from the survey, since conditions prevalent there were likely to distort the findings of a study intended primarily to investigate rural conditions.

^{page 45 note 4} Galletti's returns for the Ife Division include those of the village of Gbongan, which politically belongs to the Ibadan Division. Its inclusion, however, should not distort the nature of Galletti's findings, for Gbongan, being thirty-seven miles away from Ibadan and only eighteen from Ife, is more akin to the latter.

^{page 46 note 1} Galletti et al., op. cit., p. 71.

^{page 47 note 1} Ibid., p. 193.

^{page 48 note 1} For the period June 1951 to May 1952, Galletti computed an infant mortality rate for the Ife Division of 118 deaths per 1,000 live births—an inordinately high figure. No figure for 1968 can be given as the statistics published by the Ministry of Health merely record the ratio of live births to still births at Medical Institutions. Returns of the total number dying at under one year of age are not available for any area in Nigeria except Lagos City—see Galletti et al., op. cit., p. 36.

^{page 48 note 2} Ibid., p. 198.

^{page 48 note 3} Two likely consequences of this emigratory movement spring immediately to mind. Firstly, rural Ife is certain before long to be confronted with the problem of an ageing population; and, secondly, the flow of immigrant agricultural labour, already considerable, is destined to grow larger still.

^{page 49 note 1} Galletti et al., op. cit., p. 72.

^{page 49 note 2} In order to arrive at the genuine incidence of polygyny, as distinguished from its apparent rate, widowers were dropped from the sample, and those who had lost one or more wives as a result of either death or divorce were counted among the polygynous, and categorized as though their wives were still alive.

^{page 50 note 1} For Galletti's figures, see op. cit., p. 73.

^{page 50 note 2} James S. Coleman, Nigeria, p. 95.

^{page 50 note 3} Population Census of Nigeria 1931, vol. iv, p. 28.

^{page 50 note 4} Population Census of Nigeria 1952, vol. i, p. 21.

^{page 51 note 1} Implicit here is the belief that Christian teaching establishes a presumption against polygyny. This is not true of all Christian denominations in Nigeria, for some churches adopt a permissive attitude on the question.

^{page 51 note 2} Galletti et al., op. cit., p. 73.

^{page 52 note 1} Western State of Nigeria Annual Abstract of Education Statistics.

^{page 52 note 2} Doi and Parratt, op. cit., pp. 9 and 38.

^{page 53 note 1} For the purpose of this particular exercise, those who had not married at least once, i.e. bachelors in the true sense of the term, were not taken into consideration. This category amounted to 9·75 per cent of the total number of farmers with holdings of less than 7½ acres. Since questions pertaining to the dispersal of farm plots were put to three out of every five of those interviewed, the size of the sample on which the findings are based is smaller than that used elsewhere in this paper, i.e. 600 households as against 1,000.

^{page 54 note 1} Doi and Parratt, op. cit., p. 41.

^{page 54 note 2} G. A. Olawoyin, ‘The System of Customary Marriage among the Ifes’, pp. 2 and 3—Paper read before the Institute of African Studies, University of Ife.

^{page 55 note 1} In the Ife Division, where public transport is both scarce and expensive, twenty miles is a quite considerable distance. Despite the improvements effected in the last generation, the costs of commuting to work, in terms of both time and money, are still too high to permit the practice. In a study of commuting habits in the cocoa-belt, the critical travel distance was put at between nine and fifteen miles—see G. J. A. Ojo, ‘Distance Configuration of the Travel Patterns of an Agricultural Community’, forthcoming in the Annals of the Association of American Geographers.

^{page 55 note 2} A characteristic of the Ife Division is the vast acreage of uncultivated land which lies under Government reserve. Of the Division's total area of 523,520 acres as much as 110, 720 acres, or 21·07 per cent of the whole, is accounted for by unoccupied State-owned forest. The distribution of this land among the peasantry would considerably slacken the rate of growth of the ‘below 7½ acres’ category, and so offset the continued rise of monogamy. It seems justifiable, however, to assume that such a distribution will not occur, for current governmental policy appears to be more concerned with the preservation than with the distribution of State-owned land.