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Poverty, Work and the Financing of Single Women in Kampala

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2011

Extract

This paper examines the financial position of all-female households in a poor area of Kampala, Uganda. The intention is to indicate the relative standards of living of households of various composition and to decide whether the practice of soliciting money from lovers is better viewed as a preferred alternative to employment or as an essential supplementing of inadequate incomes. If lovers are necessary to the maintenance of single women and their children in African cities, analyses of extra-marital sexual behaviour which rely only on arguments about marriage rules and roles and personal values are rendered inadequate. Securing a paying lover may be indispensable to a woman who wishes to live and bring up children in town, and the practice may tell us more about her wish to educate her children, or her dislike of rural life, than it does about her sexual and marital preferences. Love affairs, in short, may be more appropriately considered under the heading of domestic finance than as an adjunct to a discussion of marriage. The data which I present here do not reduce a lover's importance to a woman to that of a charitable institution or welfare state: women who are prosperous have love affairs, and sexual pleasure is celebrated. They do indicate, however, the difficulties faced by a woman anxious to remain in town if she is not prepared to take lovers and to select them at least in part according to financial considerations. I hope, too, that the method which I use for working out standards of living available to households may prove useful as a means of establishing comparability between living standards in different cities.

Résumé

LE CAS DES FEMMES CÉLIBATAIRES A KAMPALA: EMPLOI, INDIGENCE ET REVENUS

Cette étude offre une comparaison des niveaux de vie, calculés en termes de ressources alimentaires, entre 84 ménages de composition diverse dans une zone pauvre de Kampala. Il ressort que les ménages sans hommes connaissent une plus grande indigence que les ménages des deux sexes ou exclusivement masculins, compte tenu de la présence ou non d'enfants.L'étude de l'échelle des salaires et des professions en fonction de l'éducation de chaque femme, de sa disponibilité et de ses besoins personnels montre que les femmes touchent un salaire maximal dans les professions auxquelles elles ont accès. Les facteurs sociaux restreignent les possibilités de rémunération. Nombreuses sont celles qui, sans être prostituées, dépendent financièrement de leurs compagnons hommes: ceci est dfl à la faiblesse des revenus que touchent les femmes depourvues d'instruction et peu habit uees à chercher activement de ml'emploi. Il est peu courant qu'une femme choisisse de vivre uniquement des générosités d'un amant et il serait erroné d'affirmer qu'elle puissedevenir riche de cette manière. Au contraire, il est fort probable qu'un ménage de femmes seules et d'enfants s'appauvrira de plus en plus. Il est possible que l'aisance relative des ménages hommes-femmes reflète non seulement la différence des salaires qui sont plus éléves pour les hommes, mais aussi le fait que la pauvreté détruit souvent le mariage. Un homme gagnant bien sa vie est certainement plus à même de faire face à ses responsabilités, les autres s'enfuissent.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1979

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References

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