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Cultural creolisation and language use in post-colonial Africa: the case of Senegal

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2011

Extract

Scholars have recently begun to describe a speech form emerging in post-colonial cities which reflects the creative melding or ‘creolisation’ of elements from indigenous and former colonial cultures. These ‘urban varieties’ are not, strictly speaking, Creoles but rather indigenous languages whose structures and lexicons have been adapted to the complexities of urban life. A primary characteristic of such varieties is their ‘devernacularisation’. No longer tied to the cultural values represented by the languages in their more traditional forms, they reflect instead the new values and way of life found in the urban centres where they are spoken. This article, based on fieldwork conducted in Senegal between 1986 and 1989, describes the formation and role of one such urban linguistic variety, Urban Wolof. In particular, it focuses on Dakarois’ conflicting tendencies to accept Urban Wolof in Dakar as the most pragmatic form of urban communication while rejecting it as evidence of an undesirable creolisation between indigenous and French culture.

Résumé

Des érudits ont récemment commençe à décrire une forme linguistique émergeant dans les villes post-coloniales qui refléte l'incorporation créatrice ou la ‘créolisation’ d'éléments provenant des cultures indigènes et des anciennes cultures coloniales. Ces ‘variétés urbaines’ ne sont pas Créoles à proprement parler mais sont plutôt des langues indigénes dont les structures et lexicons ont été adaptés aux complexités de la vie urbaine. Une des premiéres caractéristiques de ces variétés est leur ‘dévernacularisation’. N'etant plus désormais reliées aux valeurs culturelles représentées par les langues dans leurs formes les plus traditionnelles, elles reflétent au contraire les nouvelles valeurs et façons de vivre dans les centres urbains où elles y sont parlées. Cet article, basé sur une enquête de terrain menée au Sénégal durant 1986 et 1989, décrit la formation et le rôle d'une de ces variétés linguistiques urbaines, le Wolof urbain. En particulier, il souligne les tendances conflictuelles, qui d'une part acceptent le Wolof urbain à Dakar comme étant la forme de communication la plus pragmatique à la ville, mais d'une autre part le rejétent en tant qu'évidence d'une créolisation indésirable entre la culture indigène et la culture française.

Type
Speech and songs in today's Senegal
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 1994

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