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The prediction of the drag of aerofoils and wings at high subsonic speeds*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2016

R. C. Lock
R. C. Lock*
Affiliation:
RAE, Farnborough, Hants
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Summary

After a brief discussion of alternative ways in which the drag of an aircraft wing can be derived theoretically, attention is focused on a technique whereby the separate ‘far-field’ components of drag — viscous, trailing-vortex (induced) and wave — are calculated separately. In particular, a new approximate method is described for estimating the wave drag. Based on an exact two-dimensional analysis involving the flow conditions just upstream of the shock wave, a simple formula is derived which, to first order, involves only a knowledge of the Mach number distribution on the surface of the aerofoil ahead of the shock and of the surface geometry at its foot. The accuracy of this formula is assessed for aerofoils by comparison with more exact theoretical results and with experiment. A ‘strip theory’ extension to swept wings is proposed and illustrated by applying it to a particular transport-type wing body combination. Using experimental pressure measurements as input, all three components of drag are estimated theoretically, and by adding their sum to separate balance measurements of the body drag comparisons between ‘theory’ and experiment for the overall drag can be made. These show a satisfactory standard of accuracy, the error varying between —5% and — 1% of the total drag over a wide range of Mach number and lift coefficient.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 90 , Issue 896 , July 1986 , pp. 207 - 226
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 1986 

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Footnotes

†

Now Visiting Professor of Aerodynamics, The City University, London.

*

Paper based on lecture given at the Royal Aeronautical Society's Symposium on ‘The prediction and reduction of aircraft drag’, 2nd March 1983. Revised November 1984.

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