Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T05:37:42.832Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Kinematic and experimental aerodynamic characterisation of the RotaFlap – a novel flapping wing mechanism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 January 2016

A. Ania
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Ontario, Canada
D. Poirel*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Ontario, Canada
M.-J. Potvin
Affiliation:
Space Technologies, Canadian Space Agency, Quebec, Canada

Abstract

A unique patented mechanism, termed ‘RotaFlap’, which can move its wings in a figure-eight shape kinematically similar to insects or hummingbirds, has been investigated through the design, construction, integration and testing of various prototypes. In this paper, the most recent prototype is presented whereby the RotaFlap kinematics is characterised to understand some of its most pertinent parameters. A host of variations have been identified and in this study a subset of these have been tested. A preliminary characterisation of the force production, especially the vertical lift coefficient, has been completed. It is concluded that this mechanism produces vertical lift coefficient values similar to insect and hummingbird flight for similar Reynolds numbers.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 2011 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Therriault, C. and Therriault, M. U.S. Patent #6,227,483 B1 8 May 2001; Canadian Patent #2,304,892, 8 November 2004.Google Scholar
2. Desmarais, G. Martian flight study: prepared for the Canadian Space Agency, M.S. project, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada, 2003.Google Scholar
3. Ania, A., Poirel, D., Potvin, M.J. and Montminy, S. Flapping wing devices for mars exploration, J Engineering Design and Innovation, 2005, 1P, pp 18.Google Scholar
4. Woods, M.I., Henderson, J.F. and Lock, G.D. Energy requirements for the flight of micro air vehicles, Aeronaut J, 2001, 105, (1045), pp 135149.Google Scholar
5. Berg, H. The rotary motor of bacterial flagella, Annual Review of Biochemistry, 2003, 72, pp 1954.Google Scholar
6. Shyy, W., Berg, M. and Ljungqvist, D. Flapping and flexible wings for biological and micro air vehicles, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 1999, 35, pp 455505.Google Scholar
7. Sane, S. The aerodynamics of insect flight, J Experimental Biology, 2003, pp 41914208.Google Scholar
8. Shyy, W., Lian, Y., Tang, J., Viieru, D. and Liu, H. Aerodynamics of Low Reynolds Number-Flyers, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2008.Google Scholar
9. Fung, Y.C. An Introduction to the Theory of Aeroelasticity, John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA, 1955.Google Scholar
10. McCroskey, W.J. The Phenomenon of Dynamic Stall, NASA TM 81264, 1981.Google Scholar
11. Wilkins, P.C. Some Unsteady Aerodynamics Relevant to Insect-Inspired Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicles, PhD thesis, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, UK, 2008.Google Scholar
12. Shyy, W., Aono, H., Chimakurthi, S.K., Trizila, P., Kang, C.-K., Cesnik, C.E.S. and Liu, H. Recent Progress in Flapping Wing Aerodynamics and Aeroelasticity, Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2010, doi:10.1010/j.paerosci.2020.01.001.Google Scholar
13. Azuma, A., Okamoto, M. and Yasuda, K. Aerodynamic characteristics of wings at low Reynolds number, Fixed and Flapping Wing Aerodynamics for Micro Air Vehicle Applications, Mueller, T. (Ed), AIAA, 2001.Google Scholar
14. Altshuler, D.L., Dickson, W.B., Vance, J.T., Roberts, S.P. and Dickinson, M.H. Short-amplitude high-frequency wing strokes determine the aerodynamics of honeybee flight, PNAS, 2005, 102, (50), pp 1821318218.Google Scholar
15. Sane, S.P. and Dickinson, M.H. The aerodynamic effects of wing rotation and a revised quasi-steady model of flapping flight, J Experimental Biology, 2002, 205, pp 10871096.Google Scholar
16. Maxworthy, T. The fluid dynamics of insect flight, Annual Review Fluid Mech, 1981, 13, pp 329350.Google Scholar
17. Wang, Z.J. Dissecting insect flight, Annual Review Fluid Mech, 2005, 37, pp 183210.Google Scholar
18. Sane, S.P. and Dickinson, M.H. The control of flight force by a flapping wing: lift and drag production, J Experimental Biology, 2001, 204, pp 26072626.Google Scholar
19. Galiński, C. and Żbikowski, R. Insect-like flapping wing mechanism based on a double spherical Scotch yoke, J R Soc Interface, 2005, 2, pp 223235.Google Scholar
20. Lehmann, F. and Maybury, W.J. The fluid dynamics of flight control by kinematic phase lag variation between two robotic insect wings, J Experimental Biology, 2004, 207, pp 47074726.Google Scholar
21. Dickinson, M.H., Lehmann, F. and Sane, S.P. Wing rotation and the aerodynamic basis of insect flight, Science, 1999, 284, pp 19541960.Google Scholar
22. Ellington, C.P. The aerodynamic of hovering insect flight. VI. Lift and power requirements, Phil Trans R Soc Lond, 1984, B 305, pp 145181.Google Scholar
23. Chai, P. and Millard, D. Flight and size constraints: Hovering performance of large hummingbirds under maximal loading, J Experimental Biology, 1997, 200, pp 27572763.Google Scholar
24. Weis-Fogh, T. Quick estimates of flight fitness in hovering animals, including novel mechanisms for lift production, J Experimental Biology, 1973, 59, pp 169230.Google Scholar