Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T11:19:16.108Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of a recessed step at the throat section of a supersonic nozzle

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 February 2018

M. Zocca ,
A. Spinelli ,
F. Cozzi  and
A. Guardone
M. Zocca*
Affiliation:
Politecnico di Milano, Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Milan, Italy
A. Spinelli
Affiliation:
Politecnico di Milano, Energy Department, Milan, Italy
F. Cozzi
Affiliation:
Politecnico di Milano, Energy Department, Milan, Italy
A. Guardone*
Affiliation:
Politecnico di Milano, Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Milan, Italy
*
[email protected]
[email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The geometry of a planar converging-diverging nozzle operating with dry air in dilute gas conditions is modified by the introduction of a small recessed step at the throat section. Pressure measurements along the nozzle axis, schlieren visualisations and numerical simulations are performed to investigate the influence of the recessed step on the supersonic flow-field. In the experiments, the height of the recessed step is 0.1 mm and the nozzle height at the throat is 10 mm. Numerical simulations examine also 0.05 mm and 0.2 mm step heights. From the numerical simulations, the flow Mach number at the step location is 1.04 and the Reynolds number computed using the sonic conditions and the throat half-height is Re = 3.73 × 105. A perturbation wave pattern originates from the step, which results in a perturbation of the measured pressure profile close to the throat section. In the diverging portion, sufficiently far from the throat section, the pressure profile of the recessed-step nozzle matches the one measured in the clean configuration.

Keywords

Nozzle flowssupersonic flowscompressible flowsschlierenbackward-facing step Classification Description: AerodynamicsComputational Fluid DynamicsExperimental Fluid Dynamics
Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 122 , Issue 1251 , May 2018 , pp. 715 - 732
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Angelino, G., Invernizzi, C. and Macchi, E. Organic working fluid optimization for space power cycles, In Angelino, G., De-Luca, L. and Sirignano, W. A., editors, Modern Research Topics in Aerospace Propulsion, 1991, pp 297-326. Springer, New York, New York, US.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Antonini, C., Persico, G. and Rowe, L. Prediction of the dynamic response of complex transmission line systems for unsteady pressure measurements, Measurement Science and Technology, 2008, 19, (12), p 125401.Google Scholar
3. Chapman, D.R. An analysis of base pressure at supersonic velocities and comparison with experiment, Tech Rep, NACA TN 2137, 1950, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.Google Scholar
4. Colonna, P., Casati, E., Trapp, C., Mathijssen, T., Larjola, J., Turunen-Saaresti, T. and Uusitalo, A. Organic rankine cycle power systems: From the concept to current technology, applications and an outlook to the future, ASME J Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2015, 137, p 100801.Google Scholar
5. Guardone, A., Spinelli, A. and Dossena, V. Influence of molecular complexity on nozzle design for an organic vapor wind tunnel, ASME J Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2013, 135, p 042307.Google Scholar
6. Halupovich, Y., Natan, B. and Rom, J. Numerical solution of the turbulent supersonic flow over a backward facing step, Fluid Dynamics Research, 1999, (24), pp 251-273.Google Scholar
7. Hama, F.R. Experimental investigations of wedge base pressure and lip shock, Tech Rep, NASA TR 32-1033, 1966, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.Google Scholar
8. Hartfield, R.J., Hollo, S.D. and McDaniel, J.C. Planar measurement technique for compressible flows using laser induced iodine fluorescence, AIAA J, 1993, 25, (3), pp 483-490.Google Scholar
9. Helfgen, B., Türk, M. and Schaber, K. Hydrodynamic and aerosol modelling of the rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS-process), J Supercritical Fluids, 2003, 26, pp 225-242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Ishiko, K. and Shimada, T. Implicit LES of compressible turbulent flow over a backward-facing step in the nozzle of solid rocket motor, 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, AIAA 2010-923, 2010.Google Scholar
11. Krull, H.G., Beale, W.T. and Schmiedlin, R.F. Effect of several design variables on internal performance of convergent-plug exhaust nozzles, Tech Rep, NACA RM E54L09, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, 1955.Google Scholar
12. Larjola, J. Electricity from industrial waste heat using high-speed organic Rankine cycle (ORC), Int J Production Economics, 1995, 41, 227-235.Google Scholar
13. Ludwig, J.C. PHOENICS-VR reference guide, Tech Rep TR326, 2011, CHAM, UK.Google Scholar
14. Ludwig, J.C., Qin, H.Q. and Spalding, D.B. The PHOENICS reference manual, Tech Rep, TR/100, TR/200, 1989, CHAM, UK.Google Scholar
15. Menter, F.R. Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications, AIAA J, 1994, 32, (8), pp 1598-1605.Google Scholar
16. Palacios, F., Colonno, M.F., Aranake, A.C., Campos, A., Copeland, S.R., Economon, T.D., Lonkar, A.K., Lukaczyk, T.W., Taylor, T.W.R. and Alonso, J.J. Stanford University Unstructured (SU2): An open-source integrated computational environment for multi-physics simulation and design, 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 2013.Google Scholar
17. Pope, A. High-speed Wind Tunnel Testing, 1978, Krieger Pub Co.Google Scholar
18. Roshko, A. and Thomke, G.J. Observations of turbulent reattachment behind an axisymmetric downstream-facing step in supersonic flow, AIAA J, 1966, 4, (6), pp 975-980.Google Scholar
19. Smith, H.E. The flow field and heat transfer downstream of a rearward facing step in supersonic flow, Tech Rep, ARL 67-0056, 1967, Aerospace Research Laboratories.Google Scholar
20. Spinelli, A., Cozzi, F., Cammi, G., Zocca, M., Gaetani, P., Dossena, V. and Guardone, A. Preliminary characterization of an expanding flow of siloxane vapor MDM, J Physics: Conference Series, 2017, 821, (1), p 012022.Google Scholar
21. Spinelli, A., Pini, M., Dossena, V., Gaetani, P. and Casella, F. Design, simulation, and construction of a test rig for organic vapours, ASME J Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2013, 135, p 042303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22. Stanewsky, E. Shock-boundary layer interaction in transonic and supersonic flows, Lecture Series 59 on Transonic Flows in Turbomachinery. Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, 21-25 May 1973.Google Scholar
23. Sutton, G.P. and Biblarz, O. Rocket Propulsion Elements, 2001, John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York, US.Google Scholar
24. Thompson, P.A. Compressilbe-Fluid Dynamics, 1988, McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
25. Tomita, T., Takahashi, M., Sasaki, M., Takahashi, M., Tamura, H., Watanabe, Y. and Tsuboi, M. Parametric study on the influence of a discontinuous step in a nozzle contour on side-load, 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, 2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26. Vitale, S., Pini, M., Gori, G., Guardone, A., Economon, T.D., Palacios, F. and Alonso, J.J. Extension of the SU2 open source CFD code to the simulation of turbulent flows of fluids modelled with complex thermophysical laws, 22nd AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference, 2015.Google Scholar
27. Wu, J.M., Su, M.W. and Moulden, T.H. On the near flow field generated by the supersonic flow over rearward facing steps, Tech Rep ARL 71-0243, 1971, Aerospace Research Laboratories.Google Scholar
28. Zakharova, Y.V., Goldfeld, M.A. and Fedorova, N.N. Flow investigation in combustor chamber with backward-facing step, International Conference on Methods of Aerophysical Research, 2008.Google Scholar