This paper can be divided into four parts; firstly, a tribute to R. K. Pierson, then a brief historical survey of events that have affected the RAF and industry, leading up to where we stand today; and finally, some thoughts on the future based on the twin aims—which I am certain you will endorse—of maintaining a healthy and viable aircraft industry in the United Kingdom, and of satisfying the future needs of the Royal Air Force at the lowest possible cost. I am going to concentrate on the military side.