Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T00:36:39.587Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The assessment of noise, with particular reference to aircraft

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2016

D. W. Robinson
D. W. Robinson*
Affiliation:
National Physical Laboratory
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

It is now some 20 years since aircraft noise became a significant public nuisance and every conceivable aspect of the problem has been scrutinised and discussed in a vast literature. The scope of the present paper, in relation to this broad canvas, will appear extremely narrow. Nothing will be found herein about such important questions as the influence of noise on the development of aviation, engine technology, operational procedures, reduction of noise by acoustical means, the economics of air transport, regulatory action, or the planning of airports. It is only necessary to make slight reference to these matters to sketch the framework within which a system of measurement and assessment of noise has developed. The circumscribed nature of these aspects, unfortunately, does not mean that they can be dealt with briefly or summarised easily.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 80 , Issue 784 , April 1976 , pp. 147 - 161
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 1976 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Board of Trade. Aircraft Noise—Report of International Conference on Reduction of Noise and Disturbance caused by Civil Aircraft. London, 22nd-30th November 1966. HMSO, London. 1967.Google Scholar
2. Department of Trade. Airport strategy for Great Britain. Part I: The London area. HMSO, London. 1975.Google Scholar
3. Dawson, L. G. and Sills, T. D. An end to aircraft noise. The Aeronautical Journal of the RAeS, Vol 76, No 737, pp 286–297. May 1972.Google Scholar
4. Lilley, G. M. Noise—future targets. The Aeronautical Journal of the RAeS, Vol 78, No 766, pp 459–463. October 1974.Google Scholar
5. Environmental Protection Agency. Impact characterization of noise including implications of identifying and achieving levels of cumulative noise exposure. Draft report of aircraft/airport noise report study, Task Group 3. June 1973.Google Scholar
6. Noise Advisory Council. Noise Units. HMSO, London. 1975.Google Scholar
7. Environmental Protection Agency. Public health and welfare criteria for noise. EPA 550/9-73-002. Washington, DC. July 1973.Google Scholar
8. Robinson, D. W. Towards a comprehensive noise index. Proc of Symposium on Environmental Evaluation. Canterbury, 25tl -27th September 1975. Department of the Environment Planning and Transport Research Ad visory Council (in press).Google Scholar
9. Robinson, D. W. Rating the total noise environment: ideal or pragmatic approach? Proc of International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem. Dubrovnik, 13th-18th May 1973. EPA 550/9-73-008, Washington DC, pp 777–784.Google Scholar
10. Von Gierke, H. E. Noise: how much is too much? Proc 8th International Congress on Acoustics, London, July 1974. Invited lectures, pp 149–176.Google Scholar
11. Robinson, D. W. and Whittle, L. S. The loudness of directional sound fields. Acustica 10, pp 74–80, 1960.Google Scholar
12. Robinson, D. W., Whittle, L. S. and Bowsher, J. M. The loudness of diffuse sound fields. Acustica, 11, pp 397–404, 1961.Google Scholar
13. Johnson, D. R. and Robinson, D. W. Procedure for calculating the loudness of sonic bangs. Acustica, 21, pp 307–317, 1969.Google Scholar
14. Rink, R. E. Information theory of neural noise in hearing. Math Biosciences, 16, pp 129–142, 1973.Google Scholar
15. Jacobson, H. Information and the human ear. J. AcoustSoc America, 23, pp 463–471, 1951.Google Scholar
16. Scharf, B. Loudness and noisiness—same or different? Proc Inter-Noise 74. Washington DC, 30th September- 2nd October 1974, pp 559–564.Google Scholar
17. Zwicker, K. E. Über psychologische und methodische Grundlagen der Lautheit. Acustica, 8. pp 237–258. 1958.Google Scholar
18. Bowsher, J. M. and Robinson, D. W. Calculation of Zwicker phons on a digital computer. Nature, 200, pp 553–555. 1963.Google Scholar
19. Zwicker, K. E. Ein Verfahren zur Berechnung der Lautstärke. Acustica, 10. pp 304–308. 1960.Google Scholar
20. Stevens, S. S. Calculation of the loudness of complex noise. J Acoust Soc America, 28, pp 807–832. 1956.Google Scholar
21. Stevens, S. S. Calculating loudness. Noise Control, 3, pp 11–22. 1957.Google Scholar
22.Studies of noise characteristics of the Comet 4 jet air liner and of large conventional propeller-driven airliners. Bolt, Beranek and Newman Inc. October 1958.Google Scholar
23. Kryter, K. D. Scaling human reactions to the sound from aircraft. J mAcoust Soc America, 31, pp 1415–1429, 1959.Google Scholar
24. Stevens, S. S. Procedure for calculating loudness: Mark VI. J Acoust Soc America, 33, pp 1577–1585, 1961.Google Scholar
25. Kryter, K. D. and Pearsons, K. S. Some effects of spectral content and duration on perceived noise level. J Acoust Soc America, 35, pp 866–883, 1963.Google Scholar
26. Robinson, D. W. A note on the subjective evaluation of noise. J Sound Vib, 1, pp 468–473, 1964.Google Scholar
27. Schultz, T. J. Community Noise Ratings, p 84. Applied Science Publishers, London. 1972.Google Scholar
28. Little, J. W. Development and validity of the noise unit called effective perceived noise level. Informal communication from the Boeing Company, 15th January 1968. See also Little, J. W. and Mabry, J. E. Empirical com parisons of calculation procedures for estimating annoyance of jet aircraft flyovers. J Sound Vib, 10, pp 71–80. 1969.Google Scholar
29. Robinson, D. W. Towards a unified system of noise assessment.J Sound Vib, 14, pp 279–298, 1971.Google Scholar
30. Committee on the Problem of Noise. Noise: Final report. Cmnd 2056, HMSO, London. 1963. (Wilson Report).Google Scholar
31. McKennell, A. C. Aircraft noise annoyance around London (Heathrow) airport. Central Office of Information, SS 337, 1963.Google Scholar
32. Alexandre, A. Decision criteria based on spatio-temporal comparisons of surveys on aircraft noise. Proc of International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem Dubrovnik, 13th-18th May 1973. EPA 550/9-73-008 Washington DC, pp 619–626.Google Scholar
33. Muller, J. L. Assessment of annoyance due to varying noise levels with particular reference to aircraft noise J Sound Vib. 19. pp 287–298. 1971.Google Scholar
34. Matschat, K. Müller, E-A. and Zimmerman, G. Further development of noise indices taking into account the results of the aircraft noise study of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft in Munich. Max Planck Inst fur Strömungsforschung, Göttingen. Report 3a, March 1973.Google Scholar
35.Wyle Laboratories. Supporting information for the adopted noise regulations for California airports. Report WCR 70-3(R), January 1971.Google Scholar
36. Beranek, L. L. Noise and Vibration Control, p 581. McGraw-Hill. 1971.Google Scholar
37. Environmental Protection Agency. Information on levels of environmental noise requisite to protect public health and welfare with an adeauate margin of safety. EPA 550/9-74-004 (Appendix D). Washington DC. March 1974.Google Scholar
38. Ollerhead, J. B. Estimating community annoyance due to aircraft noise. Loughborough Univ. Report TT 7203. February 1972.Google Scholar
39. Hart, P. E. Population densities and optimal flight paths. Regional Studies, 7, pp 137–151. 1973.Google Scholar
40. Bowsher, J. M., Johnson, D. R. and Robinson, D. W. A further experiment on judging the noisiness of aircraft in flight. Acustica, 17. pp 245–267, 1966.Google Scholar
41. Alexandre, A. Prévision de la gene due au bruit autour des aéroports et perspectives sur les movens d'y remédier. Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches d'Anthropologie Appliquee, Paris. Report AA 28/70. April 1970.Google Scholar
42. Abraham, C. Evaluation criterion for the nuisance caused by aircraft noise. ICAO Committee on Aircraft Noise, paper CAN/3-WP/37. January 1973.Google Scholar
43. Whittle, L. S., Collins, S. J. and Robinson, D. W The audibility of low-frequency sounds. J Sound Vib 21. pp 431–448. 1972.Google Scholar
44. Stevens, S. S. Perceived level of noise by Mark VII and decibels (E). J Acoust Soc America, 51, pp 575–601, 1972.Google Scholar
45. Leverton, J. W. Helicopter noise—Blade slap. Part 2:Experimental results. NASA CR 1983. March 1972.Google Scholar
46. Chowns, R. E. A preliminary study of the effects of approach procedures on noise using the Trident 3 aircraft as a model. British Airways European Division. Tech Note P/682. December 1974.Google Scholar