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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 July 2016
When a continuum is represented in lumped terms as a set of nodes which are regularly connected in a specified sense, the state of stress at each interior node may be inferred from the forces which act on it. These ideas require some extension for plates and shells, whose flexure and twisting is basically governed by the Love-Kirchhoff hypothesis. The latter requires that the mid-plane stresses be combined with bending and torsional stress couples acting on interfaces perpendicular to the mid-plane.