Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T11:25:20.110Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The application of high pressure ejectors to reaction control systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2016

P. Miller  and
M. W. R. Seel
P. Miller
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath
M. W. R. Seel
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

A study of the thrust augmentation arising from the application of ejectors to high pressure reaction control systems typical of VSTOL aircraft is presented. A numerical analysis was undertaken to identify parameters critical to the attainment of high performance. A novel technique for improving mixing in confined ejector flows was investigated experimentally.

Theoretical work considered configurations with both sonic and supersonic primary flows. The studies show that thrust augmentation ratios ⋍ 1·3 are possible at pressure ratios around 15 using an ejector area ratio of 35. Little benefit accrues from diffusion at high pressure and performance is sensitive to mixing efficiency in terms of the mixing duct exit flow uniformity and primary nozzle losses.

Jets issuing from underexpanded nozzles fitted with castellations around their exit were compared experimentally with those leaving plain nozzles. Significant improvements in jet entrainment rates arise from the castellations. Strong correlation is observed between the free jet mixing rate and ejector secondary thrust. The level of thrust augmentation is low in conventional terms but constitutes a significant improvement over plain nozzle ejectors and non-augmented convergent nozzles.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 95 , Issue 949 , November 1991 , pp. 297 - 312
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 1991 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

Consultant. Part-time Research Officer, University of Bath.

References

1. Jenista, J. E. and Bodden, D. S. Configuration E-7 Supersonic Fighter/Attack Technology Program. ASME Paper 89-GT-308, 1989.Google Scholar
2. Streiff, H. G. and Donham, R. E. Reaction Control System Augmentation for V/STOL Aircraft. NASA CP-2093, pp 417–436, 1978.Google Scholar
3. Green, K. A. An Overview of Current Navy Programs to Develop Thrust Augmentating Ejectors. NASA CP-2093, pp 41–54, 1978 Google Scholar
4. Garland, D. B. Development of Lift Ejectors for STOVL Combat Aircraft. SAE Paper 872324, 1987.Google Scholar
5 Miller, P. An Experimental Study of Sonic and Supersonic Nozzles and Their Application to High Pressure Ejectors for Aircraft Attitude Control. University of Bath PhD Thesis, 1988.Google Scholar
6. Nagaraja, K. S., Hammond, D. L. and Graetch, J. E. One- Dimensional Compressible Ejector Flows. AIAA Paper 73-1184, 1973.Google Scholar
7. Quinn, B. Ejector performance at high temperatures and pressures. J Aircraft, December 1976, 13, (12), pp 948–954.Google Scholar
8. Alperin, M. and Wu, J.-J. Thrust augmenting ejectors, Part I. AIAA J, October 1983, 21, (10), pp 1428–1436.Google Scholar
9. Alperin, M. and Wu, J.-J. Thrust augmenting ejectors, Part II. AIAA J, December 1983, 21, (12), pp 1698–1706.Google Scholar
10. Von Karman, T. Theoretical Remarks on Thrust Augmentation. Reissner Anniversary Volume, Contributions to Applied Mechanics, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1949.Google Scholar
11. Quinn, B. Thrust Augmenting Ejectors: A Review of the Application of Jet Mechanics to V/STOL Aircraft Propulsion. AGARD CP-308, Paper 19, 1981.Google Scholar
12. Bevilaqua, P. M. Advances in Ejector Thrust Augmentation. SAE Paper 872322, 1987.Google Scholar
13. Miller, P. and Seel, M. W. R. A Theoretical Parametric Study of High Pressure Ejector Performance. University of Bath, School of Mechanical Engineering Report MW-TR-89-17,1989.Google Scholar
14. Miller, P. and Seel, M. W. R. A Theoretical Parametric Study of the Performance of High Pressure Ejectors Incorporating Diffusers. University of Bath, School of Mechanical Engineering Report MW-TR-89-18, 1989.Google Scholar
15. Miller, P. and Seel, M. W. R. Theoretical Performance of High Pressure Ejectors with Supersonic Primary Mach Numbers. University of Bath, School of Mechanical Engineering Report MW-TR-89-24, 1989.Google Scholar
16. Eastlake, C. N. The Macroscopic Characteristics of Some Subsonic Nozzles and the Three-Dimensional Turbulent Jets They Produce. USAF Report ARL 71-0058, 1971.Google Scholar
17. Quinn, B. and Toms, H. L. Calibration of a High Temperature and Pressure Facility With Back Pressure Effects. USAF Report ARL 75-0226, 1975.Google Scholar
18. Dolan, F. X. and Runstadler, P. W. Pressure Recovery of Conical Diffusers at High Subsonic Mach Numbers. NASA CR-2299,1973.Google Scholar
19. Wu, J.-J. Experiments on High Speed Ejectors. NASA CR-177419, 1986 Google Scholar
20. Minardi, J. E. Characteristics of High Performance Ejectors. USAF Report AFWAL-TR-81-3170, 1982.Google Scholar
21. Bevilaqua, P. M. Evaluation of hypermixing for thrust augmenting ejectors. J Aircraft, June 1974, 11, (6), pp 348–354.Google Scholar
22. Pannu, S. and Johannesen, N. H. The structure of jets from notched nozzles. J. Fluid Mechanics, April 1976, 74, (3) pp 515–1981.Google Scholar
23. Smith, D. J. and Hughes, T. The flow from notched nozzles in the presence of a free stream. Aeronaut J, March 1984, 88, (873), pp 77–85.Google Scholar
24. Wlezien, R. W. and Kibens, V. Influence of nozzle asymmetry on supersonic jets. AIAA J, January 1988, 26, (1), pp 27–33.Google Scholar
25. Norum, T. D. Screech suppression in supersonic jets. AIAA J, February 1983, 21, (2), pp 235–240.Google Scholar
26. Bevilaqua, P. M. Analytic description of hypermixing and test of an improved nozzle. J Aircraft, January 1976, 13, (1), pp 43–48.Google Scholar
27. Abdel-Fattah, A. M. and Favaloro, S. C. Duct resonance and its effect on the performance of high-pressure ratio axisymmetric ejectors. AIAA J, July 1988, 26, (7), pp 791–798.Google Scholar
28. Abramovich, G. N. The Theory of Turbulent Jets. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1963, pp 148–234.Google Scholar
29. Bernal, L. P. and Sarohia, V. Entrainment and Mixing in Thrust Augmenting Ejectors. AIAA Paper 83-0172, 1983.Google Scholar
30. Hsia, Y.-C., Krothapalli, A. and Baganoff, D. Mixinginan underexpanded rectangular jet ejector. J Propulsion Power, May-June 1988, 4, (3), pp 256–262.Google Scholar