Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T11:44:29.306Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Recent developments in CFD at ARA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2016

A. J. Bocci
A. J. Bocci*
Affiliation:
Aircraft Research Association LimitedBedford, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The paper discusses recent work in the Theoretical Division at the Aircraft Research Association Limited (ARA) on the modelling of complex configurations, rotors, propulsion and viscous flows. The general features of the ARA multiblock system, which provides a grid generation and Euler flow solution capability for complex configurations, are discussed. Although very successful, the system has various limitations, in particular the tendency for the grid quality to depend on configuration complexity and type. A new multiblock system is being developed which allows regions of unstructured grid to be included, giving increased flexibility in dealing with complex geometries and other improvements. Work on rotors has included the development of a new Euler code for propellers, as a replacement for the code in current use. Improvements in flow solution offered by the new code are illustrated. In the propulsion field, the extension of a viscous-coupled Euler code for afterbody flows to a complete cowl unit is described briefly. The code is particularly relevant to the new generation of large civil turbofans. Work on Navier-Stokes methods for afterbody/nozzle flows is also discussed. Other work on viscous flows includes a 2-D investigation into viscous modelling with hybrid grids, and the further development of an established transonic flow aerofoil code.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 95 , Issue 944 , April 1991 , pp. 111 - 123
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 1991 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Baker, T. J. and Forsey, C. R. A fast algorithm for the calculation of transonic flow over wing body combinations, AIAA J, 1983, 21, (1), pp 60–67.Google Scholar
2. Bocci, A. J. A new series of aerofoil sections suitable for aircraft propellers, Aeronaut Q, Vol 28, 1977.Google Scholar
3. Wong, P. W. C., Maina, M., Forsey, C. R. and Bocci, A. J. Single and Contra-rotation High Speed Propellers: Flow Calculation and Performance Prediction, ICAS 88-2.4.2, 1988.Google Scholar
4. Shaw, J. A., Georgala, J. M. and Weatherill, N. P. The Construction of Component Adaptive Grids for Aerodynamic Geometries, in: Computational Fluid Mechanics ’88, Edited by Sengupta, S., Hauser, J., Eiseman, P. R., Thompson, J. F., Pineridge Press, 1988.Google Scholar
5. Baxendale, A. J. Application of a Multiblock CFD Code to Obtaining Flow Field Predictions About Wing/Body/Pylon/Store Configurations, ICAS 90-6.6.2, 1990.Google Scholar
6. Fulker, J. L. and Ashill, P. R. A Theoretical and Experimental Evaluation of a Numerical Method for Calculating Supersonic Flows over Wing/Body Configurations, AGARD-CP-437 Vol. 1 Paper 12, 1988.Google Scholar
7. Allwright, S. E. Multiblock Topology Specification and Grid Generation for Complete Aircraft Configurations, AGARD-CP-464 Paper 11, 1989.Google Scholar
8. Weatherill, N. P. and Forsey, C.R. Grid generation and flow calculations for aircraft geometries, J Aircraft, 1985, 22, (10), pp 855–860.Google Scholar
9. Doe, R. H., Brown, T. W. and Pagano, A. The Development of Practical Euler Methods for Aerodynamic Design, ICAS-86-1.4.2, 1986.Google Scholar
10. Thompson, J. F., Thames, F. C. and Mastin, C. W. Automatic numerical generation of body-fitted curvilinear coordinate system for field containing any number of arbitrary two-dimensional bodies, J Comput Phy, 1974, 15.Google Scholar
11. Georgala, J. M. and Shaw, J. A. A Discussion on Issues Relating to Multiblock Grid Generation,AGARD-CP-464 Paper 16, 1989.Google Scholar
12. Jameson, A., Schmidt, W. and Turkel, E. Numerical Solutions of the Euler Equations by Finite Volume Methods Using Runge-Kutta Time-Stepping Schemes, AIAA 81-1259, 1981.Google Scholar
13. Baker, T. J. Unstructured Mesh Generation by a Generalised Delaunay Algorithm, AGARD-CP-464 Paper 20, 1989.Google Scholar
14. Peraire, J., Vahdati, M., Morgan, K. and Zienkiewicz, O. C. Adaptive remeshing for compressible flow computations, J. Comput Phy, 1987, 72, (2).Google Scholar
15. Weatherill, N. P. OntheCombinationof Structured-Unstructured Meshes, in: Numerical Grid Generation in Computational Fluid Mechanics ’88, Edited by Sengupta, S., Hauser, J., Eiseman, P. R., Thompson, J. F., Pineridge Press, 1988.Google Scholar
16. Shaw, J. A., Peace, A. J. and Weatherill, N. P. A Three-Dimensional Hybrid Structured-Unstructured Method: Motivation,Basic Approach and Initial Results,Proceedings of GAMNI/SMAI-IMA Conference on Computational Aeronautical Fluid Dynamics, Antibes, France, 1989.Google Scholar
17. Peace, A. J. and Shaw, J. A. The Modelling of Aerodynamic Flows by Solution of the Euler Equations on Mixed Polyhedral Grids, ARA Report in preparation.Google Scholar
18. Jameson, A., Baker, T. J. and Weatherill, N. P. Calculation of In viscid Transonic Flow over a Complete Aircraft, AIAA 86-0103, 1986.Google Scholar
19. Shmitt, V. and Charpin, F. Pressure Distributions on the ONERA-M6-Wing at Transonic Mach Numbers, AGARD-AR-138, Paper Bl, 1979.Google Scholar
20. Childs, P. N. Generation of Unstructured Grids using the Delaunay Triangulation, ARA Memo 327, 1990.Google Scholar
21. Denton, J. D. The Calculation of Fully Three-Dimensional Flow Through Any Type of Turbomachinery Blade Row, AGARD-LS-140, 1985.Google Scholar
22. Maynard, J. D. and Murphy, M. P. Pressure Distributions on the Blade Sections of the NACA 10-(3)(066)-033 Propeller under Operating Conditions, NACA RM L9L23, 1950.Google Scholar
23. Peace, A. J. Transonic flow calculations around isolated inlet configurations, Aeronaut J, 1986, 90, (893).Google Scholar
24. Peace, A. J. A method for calculating axisymmetric afterbody flows, AIAA J Propulsion Power, 1987, 3 No. 4.Google Scholar
25. East, L. F., Smith, P. D. and Merryman, P. J. Prediction of the Development of Separated Turbulent Boundary Layers, by the Lag-Entrainment Method, RAE TR77046, 1977.Google Scholar
26. Williams, B. R. The Prediction of Separated Flow using a Viscous-Inviscid Interaction Method, ICAS-84-2.03.3, 1984.Google Scholar
27. Sykes, L. A. and Peace, A. J. A Viscous/Inviscid Method for the Flow about a Complete Axisymmetric Propulsion Unit, ARA Memo 314, 1989.Google Scholar
28. Peace, A. J. Turbulent flow predictions for afterbody/nozzle geometries including base effects, AIAA J Propulsion Power, to appear. See also AIAA 89-1865, 1989.Google Scholar
29. Baldwin, B. and Lomax, S. Thin Layer Approximation and Algebraic Model for Separated Turbulent Flows, AIAA-78-257, 1978 Google Scholar
30. Chien, K.-Y. Predictions of channel and boundary layer flows with a low-Reynolds-number turbulence model, AIAA J, 1982, 20, (1), pp 33–38.Google Scholar
31. Shang, J. S. and Hankey, W. L. Numerical solution for supersonic turbulent flow over a compression ramp, AIAA J, 1975, 13, (10), pp 1368–1374.Google Scholar
32. Sykes, L. A. Development of a Two-Dimensional Navier-Stokes Algorithm for Unstructured Triangular Grids, ARA Report 80, 1990.Google Scholar
33. Ashill, P. R. Calculation and Measurement of Transonic Flows over Aerofoils with Novel Rear Sections, ICAS-88-3.10.2, 1988.Google Scholar
34. Cook, P. H., McDonald, M. A. and Firmin, M. C. P. Aerofoil RAE 2822 — Pressure Distributions and Boundary Layer and Wake Measurements, AGARD-AR-138, Paper A6, 1979.Google Scholar
35. Mavriplis, D. J., Jameson, A. and Martinelli, L. Multigrid Solution of the Navier-Stokes Equations on Triangular Meshes, AIAA-89-0120, 1989.Google Scholar
36. Carter, J. E. A New Boundary Layer Inviscid Iteration Technique for Separated Flows, AIAA 70-1450, 1979.Google Scholar
37. Holst, T. L. Viscous Transonic Aerofoil Workshop Compendium of Results, AIAA-87-1460, 1987.Google Scholar