Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T14:01:35.206Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

High-frequency transition characteristics of synthetic natural gas combustion in gas turbine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2019

S. Joo ,
S. Kwak ,
S. Kim ,
J. Lee  and
Y. Yoon
S. Joo*
Affiliation:
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
S. Kwak
Affiliation:
Seoul National University, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul, South Korea
S. Kim
Affiliation:
Seoul National University, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul, South Korea
J. Lee
Affiliation:
University of Cincinnati, College of Engineering, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Y. Yoon
Affiliation:
Seoul National University, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Institute of Advanced Aerospace Technology, Seoul, South Korea
*
*[email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In this study, the combustion instability and emission characteristics of flames of different H2/CH4 compositions were investigated in a partially premixed model gas turbine combustor. A mode shift in the frequency of instability occurred under varying experimental conditions from the first to the seventh mode of longitudinal frequency in the combustor, and a parametric study was conducted to determine the reasons for this shift by using the length of the combustor, a factor that determines the mode frequency of longitudinal instability, as the main parameter. Furthermore, heat load and fuel composition (H2 ratio) were considered as parameters to compare the phenomenon under different conditions. The GRI-3.0 CANTERA code, OH chemiluminescence and the Abel inversion process were applied to analyse the frequency mode shift. NOx emissions, which occurred through the thermal NOx mechanism, increased with increasing heat load and H2 ratio. The instability frequency shifted from the first to the seventh mode as the H2 ratio increased in the H2/CH4 mixture. However, 100% H2 as fuel did not cause combustion instability because it has a higher burning velocity and extinction stretch rate than CH4. Furthermore, the laminar flame speed influenced the frequency mode shift. These phenomena were confirmed by the flame shapes. The Abel inversion process was applied to obtain the cross section of the flames from averaged OH chemiluminescence images. Stable and unstable flames were identified from the radial profile of OH concentration. The combustor length was found to not influence frequency mode shift, whereas the H2 ratio significantly influenced it as well as the flame shape. The results of this experimental study can help in the reliable operation of gas turbine systems in SNG plants.

Keywords

Partially premixed model combustorCombustion instabilityTime lag analysisExhaust gasAbel inversion
Type
Research Article
Information
The Aeronautical Journal , Volume 123 , Issue 1259 , January 2019 , pp. 138 - 156
Copyright
© Royal Aeronautical Society 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

A version of this paper was presented at the ISABE 2017 Conference, 3–8 September 2017, Manchester, UK.

References

1. Liu, J., Cui, D., Yao, C., Yu, J., Su, F. and Xu, G. Syngas methanation in fluidized bed for an advanced two-stage process of SNG production, Fuel Process Technology, 2016, 141, (1), pp 130–137.Google Scholar
2. Vitasari, C.R., Jurascik, M. and Ptasinski, K.J. Energy analysis of biomass-to-synthetic natural gas (SNG) process via indirect gasification of various biomass feedstock, Energy, 2011, 36, (6), pp 3825–3837.Google Scholar
3. Khalil, A.E. and Gupta, A.K. Fuel flexible distributed combustion for efficient and clean gas turbine engines, Applied Energy, 2013, 109, pp 267–274.Google Scholar
4. Omaye, S.T. Metabolic modulation of carbon monoxide toxicity, Toxicology, 2002, 180, (2), pp 139–150.Google Scholar
5. Cheng, R.K., Littlejohn, D., Strakey, P.A. and Sidwell, T. Laboratory investigations of a low-swirl injector with H2 and CH4 at gas turbine conditions, Proceeding of Combustion Institute, 2009, 32, (2), pp 3001–3009.Google Scholar
6. Coppens, F.H.V, Ruyck, J.D. and Konnov, A.A. The effects of composition on burning velocity and nitric oxide formation in laminar premixed flames of CH4+H2+O2+N2 , Combustion and Flame, 2007, 149, (4), pp 409–417.Google Scholar
7. Shanbhoguea, S.J., Sanusi, Y.S., Taamallaha, S., Habib, M.A., Mokheimer, E.M.A. and Ghoniem, A.F. Flame macrostructures, combustion instability, and extinction strain scaling in swirl-stabilized premixed CH4/H2 combustion, Combustion and Flame, 2016, 163, pp 494–507.Google Scholar
8. Langhorne, P.J. Reheat buzz: an acoustically coupled combustion instability. Part 1. Experiment, J Fluid Mechanics, 1988, 193, pp 417–443.Google Scholar
9. Blixsidge, G.J., Dowling, A.P. and Langhorne, P.J. Reheat buzz: an acoustically coupled combustion instability. Part 1, Theory, J Fluid Mechanics, 1988, 193, pp 445–473.Google Scholar
10. Figura, L., Lee, J.G., Quay, B.D. and Santavicca, D.A. The effects of fuel composition on flame structure and combustion dynamics in a lean premixed combustor, Proceeding of ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air, Am Soc Mech Eng, 2007, 2, pp 181–187.Google Scholar
11. Lee, M.C., Yoon, J., Joo, S., Kim, J., Hwang, J. and Yoon, Y. Investigation into the cause of high multi-mode combustion instability of H2/CO/CH4 syngas in a partially premixed gas turbine model combustor, Proceedings of Combustion Institute, 2015, 35, (3), pp 3263–3271.Google Scholar
12. García-Armingol, T., Ballester, J. and Smolarz, A. Chemiluminescence-based sensing of flame stoichiometry: influence of the measurement method, Measurement, 2013, 46, (9), pp 3084–3097.Google Scholar
13. Kim, H.S., Arghode, V.K., Linck, M.B. and Gupta, A.K. Hydrogen addition effects in a confined swirl-stabilized methane–air flame, Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2009, 34, pp 1054–1062.Google Scholar
14. Spearman, F. The derivation and use of aerodynamic transfer functions of airframes, J Royal Aeronautical Soc, 1955, 59, (539), pp 743–761.Google Scholar
15. Osherov, A. and Natan, B. Combustion instability in a small liquid rocket motor, Aeronautical J, 1999, 103, (1023), pp 245–252.Google Scholar
16. Mccormack, D. A driving mechanism for high-frequency combustion instability in liquid fuel rocket engines, J Royal Aeronautical Soc, 1964, 68, (645), pp 633–637.Google Scholar
17. Yan, Y.W., Liu, Y.P., Liu, Y.C. and Li, J.H. Experimental and computational investigations of flow dynamics in LPP combustor, Aeronautical J, 2017, 121, (1240), pp 790–802.Google Scholar
18. Karagöz, Y., Güler, İ., Sandal, C.T., Yüksek, L., Dalkiliç, A.S. and Wongwises, S. Effects of hydrogen and methane addition on combustion characteristics, emissions, and performance of a CI engine, Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41, (2), pp 1313–1325.Google Scholar
19. Ahmed, E. and Huang, Y. Flame volume prediction and validation for lean blow-out of gas turbine combustor, Aeronautical J, 2017, 121, (1236), pp 237–262.Google Scholar
20. Daniele, S., Jansohn, P., Mantzaras, J. and Boulouchos, K. Turbulent flame speed for syngas at gas turbine relevant conditions, Proceedings of Combustion Institute, 2011, 33, pp 2937–2944.Google Scholar
21. Ströhle, J. and Myhrvold, T. An evaluation of detailed reaction mechanisms for hydrogen combustion under gas turbine conditions, Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2007, 32, (1), pp 125–135.Google Scholar
22. Theofilis, V., Barkley, D. and Sherwin, S. Spectral/HP element technology for global flow instability and control, Aeronautical J, 2002, 106, (1065), pp 619–625.Google Scholar
23. Arghode, V.K. and Gupta, A.K. Hydrogen addition effects on methane-air colorless distributed combustion flames, Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2011, 36, (10), pp 6292–6302.Google Scholar
24. Hayes, R., Dwight, R. and Marques, S. Reducing parametric uncertainty in limit-cycle oscillation computational models, Aeronautical J, 2017, 121, (1241), pp 940–969.Google Scholar
25. Saboohi, Z. and Ommi, F. Emission prediction in conceptual design of the aircraft engines using augmented CRN, Aeronautical J, 2017, 121, (1241), pp 1005–1028.Google Scholar
26. Aliyu, M., Nemitallah, M., Said, S. and Habib, M. Characteristics of H2-enriched CH4–O2 diffusion flames in a swirl-stabilized gas turbine combustor: experimental and numerical study, Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41, (44), pp 20418–20432.Google Scholar
27. Turns, S. An Introduction to Combustion: Concepts and Applications, McGraw-Hill Publishing Companies, 2000, London, pp 472–507.Google Scholar
28. Source test protocol for determining oxygen corrected pollutant concentrations from combustion sources with high stack oxygen content based on carbon dioxide emissions, South Coast Air Quality Management District, 2011.Google Scholar
29. Hansen, E.W. and Law, P. Recursive methods for computing the Abel transform and its inverse, J Optical Society of America A, 1985, 139, (4), pp 510–520.Google Scholar
30. Naha, S. and Aggarwal, S.K. Fuel effects on NOx emissions in partially premixed flames, Combustion and Flame, 2004, 139, (1), pp 90–105.Google Scholar
31. Lieuwen, T.C. Experimental investigation of limit-cycle oscillations in an unstable gas turbine combustor, J Propulsion and Power, 2002, 18, (1), pp 61–67.Google Scholar
32. Lieuwen, T.C. Investigation of Combustion Instability Mechanisms in Premixed Gas Turbines, Ph.D. thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999.Google Scholar
33. Yoon, J., Joo, S., Kim, J., Lee, M.C., Lee, J. and Yoon, Y. Effects of convection time on the high harmonic combustion instability in a partially premixed combustor, Proceeding of Combustion Institute, 2016, 36, (3), pp 3753–3761.Google Scholar
34. Nicoud, F. and Poinsot, T. Thermoacoustic instabilities: should the Rayleigh criterion be extended to include entropy changes?, Proceeding of Combustion Institute, 2005, 142, pp 153–159.Google Scholar
35. Park, J. and Lee, M.C. Combustion instability characteristics of H2/CO/CH4 syngases and synthetic natural gases in a partially-premixed gas turbine combustor: Part I – Frequency and mode analysis, Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41, (18), pp 7484–7493.Google Scholar
36. Manton, J., Von-Elbe, G. and Lewis, B. Nonisotropic propagation of combustion waves in explosive gas mixtures and the development of cellular flames, J Chemical Physics, 1952, 20, pp 153–157.Google Scholar