It is many years since aircraft were first A operated under extreme low temperature conditions, mainly by bush pilots pioneering the northern latitudes of Canada.The aircraft used were of the light and semi—medium type fitted with simple, low—powered engines. Consequently, crude methods could be adopted to keep them operating.

With the advent of high—powered boosted—engined aircraft, with their complexity and numerous complicated installations, together with other associated equipments, the difficulties became manifold and the earlier methods used were either impracticable or inadequate.

For this reason, some intensive testing and research has been done on the latest type of aircraft, engines and equipment, in an endeavour to solve the problems and, if not entirely successful, find what medium of success can be achieved with the least amount of subsidiary aid.