Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T14:26:28.515Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Beyond the buffet boundary

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 July 2016

D. G. Mabey*
Affiliation:
Royal Aircraft Establishment, Bedford

Extract

A lecture called “Some aspects of buffeting” was given to the Society in 1961 by my colleague Mr. R. Fail. In that lecture the emphasis was primarily on the prediction of buffet onset in flight from model tests in wind tunnels, and on the prevention of buffeting. In the subsequent 11 years there has been much more interest in the prediction of the severity of buffeting above the buffet boundary, for both transport and fighter type aircraft, if buffeting cannot be prevented or alleviated. I have tried to reflect this interest and I hope that the title of this paper will also suggest a cautious examination of the physical processes at work above the buffet boundary, when the boundary layer has separated. We still really know very little about these processes but I hope that the paper may stimulate further research and questioning.

Type
Supplementary Paper
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Aeronautical Society 1973 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Technical Report of the accidents investigation subcommittee on the accident to the aeroplane G-AAZK. at Meopham, Kent on 21st July 1930. RM 1360, January 1931.Google Scholar
2. Blenk H Ueber neuere englische Arbeiten zur Frage des Leitwerkschiilttelns ZEM 24 (1933), 21-24. Also English translation NACA TM 669.Google Scholar
3. Owen, T. B. Techniques of pressure fluctuation measurements employed in the RAE Low Speed Wind Tunnels. AGARD Report 172, 1958, North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, Advisory Group for Aeronautical Research and Development, ARC 10780, Aeronautical Research Council, Great Britain.Google Scholar
4. Mabey, D. G. and Moss, G. RAE unpublished.Google Scholar
5. Zbrozek, J. K. and Jones, J. G. Transient buffet loads on wings. Journal of Sound Vibration, Vol 5, No 2, 1967, pp. 197214.Google Scholar
6. Rogers, E. W. E. and Hall, I. M. An introduction to the flow about plane swept-back wings at transonic speeds. Journal of Royal Aeronautical Society, Vol 64, 1960, pp. 449–164.Google Scholar
7. Green, J. E. Some aspects of viscous-inviscid inter actions at transonic speeds, and their dependence on Reynolds number. AGARD CP 83-71, Paper 2.1.Google Scholar
8. Blackwell, J. A. Preliminary study of the effects of Reynolds number and boundary layer transition location on shock induced separation. NASA TND 5003, 1969.Google Scholar
9. Kuchemann, D. and Weber, J. An analysis of some performance aspects of various types of aircraft designed to fly over different ranges at different speeds.Google Scholar
10. Mabey, D. G. Analysis and correlation of data on pressure fluctuations in seperated flow. AIAA Journal of Aircraft, Vol 9, No 9. September 1972, pp. 642645.Google Scholar
11. Norbury, J. F. and Crabtree, L. F. A simplified model of the incompressible flow past two-dimensional aero foils with a long bubble type of separation. TN Aero 2352, June 1955, Royal Aircraft Establishment, Great Britain.Google Scholar
12. Bradshaw, P. “Inactive” motion and pressure fluctua tions in turbulent boundary layers. NPL Aero Report 1172, October 1965, National Physical Laboratory, Great Britain, ARC 27338, Aeronautical Research Council, Great Britain.Google Scholar
13. Lilley, G. M. On wall pressure fluctuations in turbulent boundary layers. ARC 24241, November 1962, Aeronautical Research Council, Great Britain.Google Scholar
14. Bradshaw, P. and Wong, F. Y. G. The reattachment and relaxation of a turbulent shear layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol 52, part p1, pp. 113135, 1972.Google Scholar
15. Lawford, J. A. and Beauchamp, A. R. Low speed wind tunnel measurements of pressure fluctuations on the wing of a twin jet aircraft (Bristol 188). ARC R&M 3551, 1968, Aeronautical Research Council, Great Britain.Google Scholar
16. Rose, R. and Nicholas, O. P. Flight and tunnel measurements of pressure fluctuations on the upper surface of the wing of a Venom aircraft with a sharp leading-edge. ARC CP 1032, November 1967, Aeronautical Research Council, Great Britain.Google Scholar
17. Heller, H. H., Bliss, D. B. and Widnall, S. E. Incipient stall detection through unsteady-pressure monitoring on aircraft wings. Journal of Aircraft, Vol 9, No 2, February 1972, pp. 186188.Google Scholar
18. Crabtree, L. F. The formation of regions of separated flow on wing surfaces, Pt. II Laminar separation bubbles and the mechanism of the leading-edge stall. Report Aero 2578, July 1957, Royal Aircraft Establishment, Great Britain, also in Pt. 2 of ARC R&M 3122, 1959, Aeronautical Research Council, Great Britain.Google Scholar
19. Jenkins, J. M., Deangelis, V. M., Friend, E. L. and Monaghan, R. C. Flight measurements of Canard loads. Canard buffeting and wing tip hinge moments on the XB 70 aircraft including comparisons with predictions. NASA TN D 5359, August 1969.Google Scholar
20. Fricke, F. R. and Stevenson, D. C. Pressure fluctuations in a separated flow region. Journal of the Acous tical Society of America, Vol 44, No 5. November 1968, pp. 11891201.Google Scholar
21. Greshilov, E. M., Evtushenko, A. V. and Lyamshev, L. M. Spectral characteristics of the wall pressure fluctuations associated with boundary layer separation behind a projection on a smooth wall. Soviet Physics Acoustics, Vol 15, No 1, July-September 1969, pp. 2934.Google Scholar
22. Coe, C. F. The effects of some variations in launch vehicle nose shape on steady and fluctuating pressures at transonic speeds. NASA TMX 646, March 1962.Google Scholar
23. Mabey, D. G. Some measurements of base pressure fluctuations at subsonic and supersonic speeds. TR 70148, August 1970, Royal Aircraft Establishment, Great Britain, ARC CP 1204, 1972, Aeronautical Research Council, Great Britain.Google Scholar
24. Mohsen, A. M. Experimental investigation of the wall pressure fluctuations in subsonic separated flows. Report D6-17094, AD 669214, January 1967, Boeing Co. Renton, Washington, Commercial Airplane Division.Google Scholar
25. Moss, G. F. Mundell, A. R. G. RAE unpublished.Google Scholar
26. Huston, W. B. A study of the correlation between flight and wind tunnel buffet loads. AGARD Report 121 (ARC 20704), April 1957.Google Scholar
27. Mabey, D. G. Comparison of seven wing buffet boun daries measured in wind tunnels and in flight. ARC CP 840.Google Scholar
28. Ray, E. G. and Taylor, R. T. Buffet and static aerodynamic characteristics of a systematic series of wings determined from a subsonic wind tunnel study. NASA TN D58O5, 1970.Google Scholar
29. Hollingsworth, E. G. and Cohen, M. Comparison of wind tunnel and flight test techniques for determining transonic buffet characteristics on the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Airplane. AIAA Paper No 70-584. 1970.Google Scholar
30. Moss, G. F., Haines, A. B. and Jordan, R. The effect of leading-edge geometry on high speed stalling. AGARD CP 102, Paper 13. Lisbon, April 1972. (RAE TR 72099).Google Scholar
31. Cornette, E. S. Wind tunnel investigation of the effects of wing bodies, fences, flaps and fuselage addi tion on wing buffet response of a transonic transport model. NASA TND 637.Google Scholar
32. Sutton, F. B. A buffet investigation at high subsonic speeds of wing-fuselage-tail combinations having swept back wings with NACA four digit thickness distribu tions, fences and body contouring. NASA Memo 3-25-59A (NASA TIL 6476).Google Scholar
33. Mabey, D. G. Flow unsteadiness and model vibration in wind tunnels at subsonic and transonic speeds. ARC CP 1155, 1971. Aeronautical Research Council, Great Britain.Google Scholar
34. Bore, C. L. Post stall aerodynamics of the Harrier, AGARD Conference CP 102 “Fluid Dynamics of Aircraft Stalling” Paper No 19. Lisbon, April 1972.Google Scholar
35. Pearcey, H. H. Simple methods for the prediction of wing buffeting results from bubble type separations. NPL Aero Report 1024, June 1962.Google Scholar
36. Mayes, J. F., Lores, M. E. and Barnard, H. R. Tran sonic buffet characteristics of a 60 degree swept wing with design variation. AIAA Paper 69-793 (1969) also Journal of Aircraft 7 (1970), pp. 523530.Google Scholar
37. Davis, D. D. and Wornom, D. E. Buffet tests of an attack airplane model with emphasis on data from wind On the use of Freon 12 for increasing Reynolds number tunnel tests. RML57 H13.Google Scholar
38. Mabey, D. G. Measurements of wing buffeting on a Scimitar model. ARC CP 954, 1966.Google Scholar
39. Jones, J. G. The dynamic analysis of buffeting and related phenomena. AGARD Conference Paper.Google Scholar
40. Mabey, D. G. An hypothesis for the prediction of flight penetration of wing buffeting from dynamic tests on wind tunnel models. ARC CP 1171, 1971.Google Scholar
41. Polentz, P. P., Page, W. A. and Levy, L. L. The unsteady normal force characteristics of selected NACA profiles at high subsonic Mach numbers. NACA RM A55 CO2 NACA TIB 4683, May 1955.Google Scholar
42. Earnshaw, P. B. and Lawford, J. A. Low speed wind tunnel experiments on a series of sharp-edged delta wings. R&M 3424, August 1964.Google Scholar
43. Keating, R. F. A. RAE Unpublished.Google Scholar
44. Dee, F. W. and Nicholas, O. P. Flight determination of wing flow patterns and buffet boundaries for the Fairey Delta aircraft at Mach numbers between 0.4 and 1.3 and comparison with wind tunnel tests. R&M 3482, 1964.Google Scholar
45. Mabey, D. G. Measurements of buffeting on slender wing models. ARC CP No. 954, 1967.Google Scholar
46. Mitchell, C. G. B. Calculations on the buffeting on a slender wing aircraft at low speeds. Proceedings of the Symposium on Structural Dynamics, Loughborough University, March 1970.Google Scholar
47. Cahill, J. F. Simulation of full scale flight aerodynamic characteristics by tests in existing transonic wind tunnels. Paper 20, AGARD CP 83-71.Google Scholar
48. Haines, A. B. Possibilities for scale effect on swept wings at high subsonic speeds: recent evidence from pressure plotting tests. Paper 14, AGARD CP 83-71.Google Scholar
49. Thomas, F. Die Ermittlung der Schuttelgirenzen yon Tragfiugeln im transsonischen Geschwindigkeitsbereich. WGLR Yearbook 1966 (1967), pp. 126144.Google Scholar
50. Magnus, R. and Yoshihara, H. Flow over airfoils in the transonic regime—prediction of buffet onset. USA FDL TR 7016, Vol 1, March 1970.Google Scholar
51. Redeker, G. Die Berechnung der Schiittelgrenzen von Pfeilfliigeln. AVA Paper 71/21, October 1971.Google Scholar
52. Myring, D. F. An integral prediction method for three- dimensional turbulent boundary layers in incompressible flow. RAE Technical Report 70147 (1970).Google Scholar
53. Bailey, F. E. and Sleger, J. L. Recent techniques for the prediction of three-dimensional flows about wings. AIAA Paper No. 72/189. January 1972.Google Scholar
54. Peake, D. J., Yoshihara, H., Zonars, D. and Carter, W. The transonic performance of two-dimensional jet flapped aerofoils at high Reynolds numbers. Paper 7, AGARD CP 83-71.Google Scholar
55. Pearcey, H. H., Osborne, J. and Haines, A. B. Inter action between local effects at the shock and rear separations—a source of significant scale effects in wind tunnel tests on aerofoils and wings. NPL Aero 1071 (ARC 30477), September 1968.Google Scholar
56. Evans, J. Y. G. and Taylor, C. R. Some factors rele vant to the simulation of full scale flows in model tests and to the specification of new high Reynolds number transonic tunnels. Paper 31 AGARD CP 83-71.Google Scholar
57. Treon, S. L., Hofstetler, W. R. and Abbott, F. T. in wind tunnel testing of three-dimensional aircraft models at subcritical and supercritical Mach numbers. Paper 27 AGARD CP 83-71.Google Scholar
58. Hanson, P. W. Evaluation of an aeroelastic model tech nique for predicting airplane buffet loads, NASA TND 7066, February 1973.Google Scholar