Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T06:44:38.907Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Minimization of Preferred Orientation in Powders by Spray Drying

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2019

Steven T. Smith ,
Robert L. Snyder  and
W. E. Brownell
Steven T. Smith
Affiliation:
NYS College of Ceramics at Alfred University Alfred, NY 14802
Robert L. Snyder
Affiliation:
NYS College of Ceramics at Alfred University Alfred, NY 14802
W. E. Brownell
Affiliation:
NYS College of Ceramics at Alfred University Alfred, NY 14802
Get access

Abstract

The spray drying of powders is a method of forming spherical or torroidal shaped agglomerates. A relatively simple method is given for preparing spray dried samples of the quantities used in x-ray diffraction analysis. This technique is shown to minimize preferred orientation effects on diffraction intensities from materials of widely differing symmetry and crystallite habit.

Type
Research Article
Information
Advances in X-Ray Analysis , Volume 22: Twenty-Seventh Annual Conference on Applications of X-ray Analysis, August 1-4, 1978 , 1978 , pp. 77 - 87
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 1978

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Visser, J. W. and De Wolff, P. M., “Absolute Intensities,” Report No. 641.109 Technisch Physische Dienst, Delft, Netherlands (1964).Google Scholar
2. Chung, F. H., “Quantitative Interpretation of X-ray Diffraction Patterns. III. Simultaneous Determination of a Set of Reference Intensities,” J. Appl. Cryst. 8 , 17 (1975).Google Scholar
3. Hubbard, C. R., Evans, E. H. and Smith, D. K., “The Reference Intensity Ratio, I/Ic, for Computer Simulated Powder Patterns,” J . Appl. Cryst. 9 169–174 (1976).Google Scholar
4. Hubbard, C. R. and Smith, D. K., “Experimental and Calculated Standards for Quantitative Analysis by Powder Diffraction”, Adv. in X-ray Anal. 20, 27–39 (1976).Google Scholar
5. Snyder, R. L. and Carr, W., “A Method for Determining the Preferred Orientation of Crystallites Normal to a Surface,” in Surfaces and Interfaces of Glass and Ceramics, Frechette, V. D., et. al., ed., Plenum Press, New York, 1974, p. 85.Google Scholar
6.. W. R. Marshall, Jr., “Atomization and Spray Drying,” Chemical Engineering Progress Monograph Series #2, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Pub., Vol 50 (1954).Google Scholar
7. Florke, O. W. and Saalfeld, H., “Bin Verfahren Zur HersteHung Texturfreier Rontgen-Pulverpraparate,” Krist., Z. 106, 460 (1955).Google Scholar
8.. Jonas, E. J. and Kuykendall, J. R., “Preparation of Montmorillonites for Random Powder Diffraction,” Clay Miner. Bull. 6 , 232-5 (1966).Google Scholar
9. Hughes, R. and Bohor, B., “Random Clay Powders Prepared by Spray Drying“ Amer. Miner. 55, 1780-1786 (1970).Google Scholar
10. Clark, C. N., Smith, D. K. and Johnson, G. G. Jr., “A Fortran IV Program for Calculating X-ray Powder Diffraction Patterns-Version 5,” Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Parks, PA, 16802.Google Scholar
11. JCPDS, International Centre for Diffraction Data, 1601 Park Lake, Swarthmore, PA.Google Scholar
12. Mackenzie, R. C. and Milne, A. A., “The Effect of Grinding on Micas: I. Mus covite,” Min. Mag. 30 222 , 178–185 (1953).Google Scholar
13. Gatineau, L., “Localisation des Remplacements Isomophiques dans la Muscovite,” Coiapt. Rend. 256 22, 4648-9 (1963).Google Scholar
14. Buerger, M. J. and Prewitt, C. T., “The Crystal Structures of Wollastonite and Pectolite,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S. 47, 1884-8 (1961).Google Scholar
15. Parker, H. M. and Whitehouse, W. J., “X-ray Analysis of Iron Pyrites by the Method of Fourier Series,” Phil. Mag. 14, 939–961 (1932).Google Scholar
16. Graf, D. L., “Crystallographic Tables for the Rhombohedral Carbonates,” Am. Miner. 46, 1283-1316 (1961).Google Scholar
17. Newnham, R. E. and DeHaan, Y. M., “Refinement of the αAf2O3, Ti203, V2O3 , Cr2O3 Structures,” Krist., Z. 117, 235 (1962).Google Scholar
18. Parrish, W., Advances in X-ray Diffractometry of Clay Minerals, Proc. 7th Natl. Conf. on Clays and Clay Minerals, Swineford, A. ed., Pergamon Press, New York, 1960.Google Scholar