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In Vivo XRF Measurements of Heavy Elements: Summary of a Workshop

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2019

M. Garbauskas ,
A. L. Hanson ,
M. Kosnet ,
R. W Ryon  and
L. Wielopolski
M. Garbauskas
Affiliation:
General Electric
A. L. Hanson
Affiliation:
Brookhaven National Laboratory
M. Kosnet
Affiliation:
University of California at San Francisco
R. W Ryon
Affiliation:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
L. Wielopolski
Affiliation:
Brookhaven National Laboratory
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Extract

This is a brief summary of the first workshop of “In Vivo XRF Measurements of Heavy Elements,” at the Denver Conference on Applications of X-Ray Analysis. In vivo x-ray fluorescence has been applied to medical applications since the 1960's, with much of the pioneering work being done in Sweden (1). First measurements were of iodine in the thyroid. Elements from iron to uranium have now been measured, at natural and elevated levels. Elevated levels occur either unintentionally through occupational or environmental exposure, or intentionally through medical administration. Examples of measurements are cadmium in kidney and liver, platinum in kidneys and tumors, mercury in the wrists and skulls of dentists, lead in various near-surface bones, copper in the eye and iron in skin. Nearly all measurements make use of either silicon or germanium detectors; radioisotopes and less frequently x-ray tubes are used for excitation.

Type
VIII. In Vivo Applications of XRS
Information
Advances in X-Ray Analysis , Volume 38: Forty-third Annual Conference on Applications of X-ray Analysis , 1994 , pp. 641 - 648
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 1994

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