Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T15:56:46.013Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The X-Ray Wavelength Scale in the Long-Wavelength Region

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2019

A. F. Burr
A. F. Burr*
Affiliation:
New Mexico State University Las duces, New Mexico
Get access

Abstract

Recently the X-ray wavelength scale has been put on a consistent basis by the selection of the W Kα1, line to be the wavelength standard foe the whole X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum. To help establish this scale, four other X-ray lines, which had been measured with a precision approaching 1 ppm, were selected as secondary standards. However, since the longest of these lines is the Cr Kα2 line at 2.293606 Å, other lines whose wavelengths are less precisely known have been used for calibration purposes. The most interesting of these is the Al Kα. line, which plays an important part in the effort to connect the X-ray wavelength scale to the basic standard of length. Two other often-used lines are the Cu La line at 13.339 Å and the O Kα line at 23.62 Å. It is, however, necessary to take several steps to trace the accepted values of these lines back to the basic X-ray wavelength standard. Furthermore, the uncertainties introduced by the effects of the chemical combination and the large natural line widths limit the precision obtainable. It has been suggested that the first resonance line of the Ne K edge in the 14-Å region would overcome both of these difficulties. It has also been suggested that the highfrequency limit of the bremsstrahlung radiation would make a particularly convenient reference mark. This method is discussed here, and it is shown that the accuracy obtainable by this method is better than that obtainable by means of some commonly used reference lines.

Type
Research Article
Information
Advances in X-Ray Analysis , Volume 11: Sixteenth Annual Conference on Applications of X-ray Analysis, August 9-11, 1967 , 1967 , pp. 241 - 248
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 1967

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Siegbahn, M., “LXIII Precis ion-Measurements in the X-ray Spectra Part II,” Phil. Mag. 37: 601, 1919.Google Scholar
2. Siegbahn, M., “Absolute X-Ray Wavelengths,” Nature 151: 502, 1943.Google Scholar
3. Siegbahn, M., “Uber das Rotgenspcktrum von Wolfram,” Z. Physik 20: 533, 1919.Google Scholar
4. Merrill, J. J. and DuMond, J. W. M., “Precision Measurement of the L X-Ray Spectra of Uranium and Plutonium,” Phys. Rev. 110: 79, 1958.Google Scholar
5. DuMond, J. W. M., “A Survey of Our Present Sources of Information on the Conversion Constant, A (= Ag/As), and the Absolute Wavelengths of X-Ray Emission Lines,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci- U.S. 45: 1052, 1959.Google Scholar
6. Bcrgvall, P., Hornfeldt, O., and Nordling, C., “Crystal Diffraction and Photo Electron Measurements of K and L Levels in the Elements 17Ag to 53Te,” Arkiv Fysik 17: 113, 1960.Google Scholar
7. Bearden, J. A., “Selection of W Kxt as the X-Ray Wavelength Standard,” Phys. Rev. 137: B455, 1965.Google Scholar
8. Bearden, J. A., Henins, A., Mareolf, J. E., Sander, W. C., and Thomsen, J. S., “Precision Redetermination of Standard Reference Wavelengths for X-Ray Spectroscopy,” Phys. Rev. 135: A899, 1964.Google Scholar
9. Bearden, J. A., X-Ray Wavelengths, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, NYO-10586, Springfield, Va., 1964.Google Scholar
10. Bearden, J. A., “X-Ray Wavelengths,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 39: 78, 1967.Google Scholar
11. Nordfors, B., “On the K Spectrum of Aluminium and its Oxide,” Arkiv Fysik 10: 279, 1956.Google Scholar
12. Tytén, F., “Precision Measurements of Soft X-Rays with Concave Grating,” Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsaliensti 12(1), 1940.Google Scholar
13. Edten, B. and Svensson, L. A., “The Wavelengths of the Lyman Lines and a Redetermination of the X-Unit from Tyren's Spectrograms,” Arkiv Fysik2S: 427, 1965.Google Scholar
14. Bearden, J. A. and Burr, A. F., Atomic Energy Levels, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, NYO- 2543-1, Springfield, Va., 1965.Google Scholar
15. Bearden, J. A. and Burr, A. F., “Reevaluation of X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels,” Hew. Mod.Phys. 39: 125, 1967.Google Scholar
16. Tyreh, F., “Wcllenlangenbestimmungen der X-Serie an den Elementen 29Cu bis 29Fe,” Z. Physik 98: 768, 1936.Google Scholar
17. Siegbahn, M. and Magnusson, T., “Zur Spektroskopie der Ultraweichen Röntgenstrahlung. III.” Z. Physik 88: 559, 1934.Google Scholar
18. Prins, J. A., “Die Struktur Einigen Ultraweichen Röntgcnlinien,” Z. Physik 81: 507, 1933.Google Scholar
19. Witmer, R. B. and Cork, J. M., “The Measurement of X-Ray Emission Wavelengths by Means of the Ruled Grating,” Phys. Rev. 42: 743, 1932.Google Scholar
20. Prins, J. A., “Absolute Wellenlangen Messungen von Riintgenstrahlen II, “ Physica 12; 15, 1932.Google Scholar
21. Howe, C. E., “ The L Series Spectra of the Elements from Calcium to Zinc,” Phys. Rev. 35: 717, 1930.Google Scholar
22. Karlsson, A., “Die Gilierkonstante hochmolokularer, gesattigter Fettsauren nebst den Rontgenspektrem innerhalb der K- und L-Reihen bei einigen niedrigeren Elementen,” Ark. Mat. Astr. Pys. 22A: (9), 1930.Google Scholar
23. Kellstrom, G., “Welienlangenbestimmungcn in der L-Reihe der Elemente 29Cu bis 30Ca mit Plangitterspcktragraph,” Z. Physik 58: 511, 1929.Google Scholar
24. Thoraeus, R., “The X-Uay Spectra of the Lower Elements,” Phil. Mag. 1: 312, 1926.Google Scholar
25. Hjalmar, E., “Behrage aur Kunntnis der Rontgenspektren,” Z. Physik 7: 341, 1921.Google Scholar
26. Burr, A. F., “M Scries X-Ray Emission Lines of Mercury,” Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 11: 389, 1966.Google Scholar
27. Liefeld, R. J., ‘'The K-Shell Photon Absorption Spectrum of Gaseous Neon,” Appi, Phys. Letters 7: 276, 1965.Google Scholar
28. Sommerfeld, A., “About the Production of the Continuous X-Ray Spectrum,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 15: 393, 1929.Google Scholar
29. Fischer, D. W. and Baun, W. L., “The Influence of Sample Self-Absorption on Wavelengih Shifts and Shape Changes in the Soft X-Ray Region: The Rare-Earth M Series,” in : G. R. Mallett, J. B. Newkirk, and H. G. Pfeiffer (eds.), Advances in X-Ray Analysis, Vol. 11, Plenum Press, New York, 1968, pp. 230–240.Google Scholar
30. Tomboutian, D. H. and Cady, W. M., “Radiative X-Ray Transitions Within the L Shell,” Phys. Rev. 59: 422, 1941.Google Scholar
31. Fahlman, A., Hamrin, D., Nordberg, R., Nordling, C., and Seigbahn, K., “Revision of Electron Binding Energies in Light Elements,” Phys. Rev. Letters 14: 127, 1965.Google Scholar