Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T05:27:32.488Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

X-Ray Study of Wire-Drawn Niobium and Tantalum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2019

R. P. I. Adler  and
H. M. Otte
R. P. I. Adler
Affiliation:
Martin Company, Orlando, Florida
H. M. Otte
Affiliation:
Martin Company, Orlando, Florida
Get access

Abstract

Deformation, introduced into niobium and tantalum specimens by wire drawing at room temperature, produced changes in the shape and position of X-ray diffraction peaks. The resultant peak profiles and locations of all available peaks were recorded using the Debye-Scherrer geometry on a modified dtffractometer with crystal monochromated Cu Kα radiation. The amount of deformation in the surface layers of both metals was found to saturate essentially after only 20% reduction in area. The measured decrease in the lattice parameters of either material was attributed to a residual surface stress; the average value for the deformed saturated state for both tantalum and niobium wires corresponded to an equivalent longitudinal tensile stress of 35 ± 5 kg/mm2. Integral breadth measurements revealed approximately equal X-ray particle sizes in the <100> and <110> directions; the minimum particle size for the micro structures of both metals was around 200 Å and occurred after the first few draws.

Type
Research Article
Information
Advances in X-Ray Analysis , Volume 9: Fourteenth Annual Conference on Applications of X-ray Analysis, August 25-27, 1965 , 1965 , pp. 115 - 130
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 1965

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Latrobe Steel Company, Bulletin 100, Teeh Topics: Stainless Steels, Latrobe, Pennsylvania 1961.Google Scholar
2. Metal Handbook, Vol. 1, 8th éd., American Society for Metals, Metals Park, Ohio, 1961, pp. 153, 1202, 1222, 1225.Google Scholar
3. Everling, W. O., “Super-High Strength Wire, A Component of Metallic Composites,” in: Proc. 6th Sagamore Ordnance Math, Res. Conf., Composite Materials and Composite Structures, Racquette Lake, N.Y., 1959.Google Scholar
4. Embury, J. D. and Fisher, R. M., “The Structure and Properties of Drawn Pearlite,” Acta Met. 14: 147–159, 1966.Google Scholar
5. Baldwin, W. M. Jr., “Residual Stress in Metals, “Proceedings of the American Society for Testing Materials. 49: 1–45, 1949.Google Scholar
6. Trozera, T. A., “On the Nonhomogeneous Work for Wire Drawing,” Trans. ASME 57: 309–323, 1964.Google Scholar
7. Bolef, D. I., “Elastic Constants of Single Crystals of the Body-Centered Cubic Transition Elements V, Nb, and Ta,” J. Appl. Phys. 32: 100–105, 1961.Google Scholar
8. Greenough, G. B., “Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction Observations in Strained Metal Aggregates,” Progr. Metal Phys, 3: 176–219, 1952.Google Scholar
9. Otte, H. M., “Lattice-Parameter Determinations with an X-Ray Spectrogoniometer by the Debye-Scherrer Method and the Effect of Specimen Condition,” J. Appl. Phys. 32: 1536–1346, 1961.Google Scholar
10. Nelson, J. B. and Riley, D. P., “An Experimental Investigation of Extrapolation Methods in the Derivation of Accurate Unit Cell Dimensions of Crystals,” Proc.Phys. Soc. (London) 57: 160–177, 1945.Google Scholar
11. Warren, B. E., “X-Ray Studies of Deformed Metals,” Progr. Metal. Phys. 8: 147–202, 1958.Google Scholar
12. Wagner, C. N. J., Tetelman, A. S., and Otte, H. M., “Diffraction from. Layer Faults in bec and foe Structure,” J. Appl. Phys. 33: 3080–3086, 1962.Google Scholar
13. Wagner, C. N. J., “Analysis of the Broadening and Changes in Position of X-ray Powder Pattern Peaks,” in: J. B. Cohen and J. E. Hilliard (eds.), Local Atomic Arrangements Studied by X-Ray Diffraction, Gordon and Breach, New York, 1965, Chapt. 6.Google Scholar
14. Taylor, A., X-Ray Metallography, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1961, pp. 605, 692, 788.Google Scholar
15. Welch, D. O. and Otte, H. M., “The Effect of Cold-Work on the X-Ray Diffraction Pattern of a Copper-Silicon-Manganese Alloy,” in: W. M. Mueller and M. J. Fay (eds.), Advances in X-Ray Analysis, Vol. 6, 1963, p. 96–120.Google Scholar
16. Barbee, T. W. and Huggins, R. A., “Dislocation Structures in Deformed and Recovered Tantalum,” J. Less-Common Metals 8: 306–319, 1965.Google Scholar
17. van Torne, L. I. and Thomas, G., “Yielding and Plastic Flow in Niobium,” Acta Met. 11: 881–893, 1963.Google Scholar
18. Opinsky, A. J., Orehotsky, J. L. and Hoffman, C. W. W., “X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Crystallite Size and Lattice Strain in Tungsten Wire,” J. Appl. Phys. 33: 708–712, 1962.Google Scholar
19. Aqua, E. N. and Wagner, C. N. J., “X-Ray Diffraction Study of Deformation by Filing in bec Refractory Metals,” Phil, Mag. 9: 565–589, 1964.Google Scholar
20. Otte, H. M. and Hren, J. J., Experimental Mechanics 6: 177–193, 1966.Google Scholar
21. Mincher, A. L. and Sheely, W. F., “Effect of Structure and Purity on the Mechanical Properties of Niobium,” Trans AIME 221: 19–25, 1961.Google Scholar
22. Bartlett, E. S., Williams, D. N., Ogden, H. R., Jaffec, R. I., and Bradley, E. F., “High Temperature Solid-Solution-Strengthened Columbium Alloys,” Trans. Met. Soc. AIME 227: 459–467, 1963.Google Scholar
23. Adams, M. A., Roberts, A. C., and Smallman, R. E., “Yield and Fracture in Polycrystalline Niobium,” Acta Met. 8: 328–337, 1960.Google Scholar
24. Schussler, M. and Brunhouse, J. S. Jr., “Mechanical Properties of Tantalum Metal Consolidated by Melting,” Trans. AIME 218: 893–900, 1960.Google Scholar
25. Tedmon, C. S. and Ferris, D. P., “The Dependence of Yield Stress on Grain Size for Tantalum and a 10% W-90% Ta Alloy,” Trans. AIME 224: 1079–1080, 1962.Google Scholar