Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T04:55:01.885Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

System for Non-Dispersive Analysis of Lunar X-Rays from Apollo

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2019

P. Gorenstein
Affiliation:
American Science and Engineering, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts
H. Gursky
Affiliation:
American Science and Engineering, Inc. Cambridge, Massachusetts
I. Adler
Affiliation:
Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland
J. Trombka
Affiliation:
Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland
Get access

Abstract

A non-dispersive X-ray detection system consisting of proporticnal counters plus filters is being prepared for the Command-Service Module of the Apollo spacecraft as part of a “geochemistry“ package. It will detect solar induced characteristic X-rays from the abundant elements on the lunar surface during the orbiting phases of the mission. The objective will be a compilation of a map of the lunar chemical composition and to detect regional differences. The system and its theoretical performance are described.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International Centre for Diffraction Data 1969

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Mandel'shtam, S. L., Tindo, I. P., Cheremukhin, G. S., Sorokin, L. S. and Dmitriev, A. B., “Lunar X-rays and the Cosmic X-ray Background Measured by the Lunar Satellite, Luna 12”, UDC 523:36:629.192.32 (Trans, from Komicheskie Issledovaniya 6: 119(1968).Google Scholar
2. Meekins, J. F., Kreplin, R. W., Chubb, T. A. and Friedman, H., “X-ray line and Continuum Spectra of Solar Flares from 0.5 to 8.5Angstroms”, Science 162: 891 (1968).Google Scholar
3. Neupert, W. M., Gates, W., Swartz, M. and Young, R., “Observation of the Solar Flare X-ray Emission Line Spectrum of Iron from 1.3 to 20Å”, Ap. T. Letters 149: L79 (1967).Google Scholar
4. Solar - Geophysical Data, Solar Radiation Monitoring Satellite X-ray. U.S. Department of Commerce, E.S.S.A. Environmental Data Service.Google Scholar
5. Henke, B. L., Elgin, R. L., Lent, R. E., and Ledingham, R. B., “X-ray Absorption in the 2-200Å Region”, Norelco Reporter XIV: 112(1967) Philips Electronics Inst., Mt. Vernon, N.Y. Google Scholar
6. Fink, R. W., Jopson, R. C., Mark, Hans, Swift, C. D., “Atomic Fluorescence Yields”, R.M.P. 38: 513 (1966).Google Scholar
7. Compton, A. H. and Allison, S. K., “Atomic Structure or Form Factors”, X-Rays in Theory and Experiment, App. IV, D. Van Nostrand Co., Princeton, Toronto, London and New York (1935).Google Scholar
8. Gorenstein, P. and Mickiewicz, S., “Reduction of Cosmic Background in an X-ray Proportional Counter through Rise Time Discrimination”, Rev. Sci. I. 39: 816 (1968).Google Scholar