Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T08:13:31.420Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Will light brighten the future of the depressed patient?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

Extract

The present explosive growth of interest in the therapeutic possibilities of exposure to light was triggered by a patient, Herbert Kern. He suffered from episodic depressive and manic complaints and discovered, by registering these over the years, a seasonal pattern in their occurrence. Discussions with scientists of the NIMH resulted in his participation in a bright light-treatment experiment when he was depressed in the winter of 1980-1981. He recovered.

Next, the same group of investigators defined the criteria for a new syndrome, Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD): a history of major affective disorder (according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria), at least two consecutive years in which the depressions have occurred during fall or winter and remitted in the following spring or summer, and the absence of any clear-cut seasonally changing psychosocial variable, such as work, stress and so on.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature

1.Lewy, AJ, Kern, HE, Rosenthal, NE, et al.Bright artificial light treatment of a manic-depressive patient with a seasonal mood cycle. Am J Psychiat 1982;139:1496–8.Google ScholarPubMed
2.Rosenthal, NE, Lewy, AJ, Wehr, TA, et al.Seasonal cycling in a bipolar patient. Psychiat Res 1983;8:2531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Rosenthal, NE, Sack, DA, Gillin, JC, et al.Seasonal Affective Disorder. A description of the syndrome and preliminary findings with light therapy. Arch gen Psychiat 1984;41:7280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Terman, M, Terman, JS, Quitkin, FM, et al.Light Therapy for Seasonal Affective Disorder. A review of efficacy. Neuropsycho-pharmacol 1989;2:122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Meesters, Y, Jansen, JHC, Lambers, PA, et al.Morning and evening light treatment of seasonal affective disorder: response, relapse and prediction. J affect Disord 1993;28:165–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Meesters, Y, Jansen, JHC, Beersma, DGM, et al.Light therapy for seasonal affective disorder. The effects of timing. Br J Psychiat 1995;166:607–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Wirz-Justice, A, Graw, P, Kräuchi, K, et al.Light therapy in seasonal affective disorder is independent of time of day or circadian phase. Arch gen Psychiat 1993;50:929–37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Meesters, Y. The timing of light therapy and response assessment in winter depression. Acta Neuropsychiat 1995;7:61–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Thalèn, B, Kjellman, BF, Morkrid, L, et al.Light treatment in seasonal and nonseasonal depression. Acta psychiat scand 1995;91: 352–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Kripke, DF, Risch, SC, Janowsky, DS. Bright White Light Alleviates Depression. Psychiat Res 1983;10:105–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Peter, K. First results with bright light in affective psychosis. Psychiat Neuro med Psychol 1986;38:384–90.Google Scholar
12.Fleischhauer, J, Glauser, G, Hofstetter, P. The influence of light therapy in depressive patients. Pharmacopsychiat 1988;21:414–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Bauer, MS. Summertime bright-light treatment of bipolar major depressive episodes. Biol Psychiat 1993;33:663–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Deltito, JA, Moline, M, Pollak, C, et al.Effects of phototherapy on non-seasonal unipolar and bipolar depressive spectrum disorders. J affect Disord 1991;23:231–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Yamada, N, Martin-Iverson, MT, Daimon, K, et al.Clinical and chronobiological effects of light therapy on nonseasonal affective disorders. Biol Psychiat 1995;37:866–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Kripke, DF, Gillin, JC, Mullaney, DJ, et al.Treatment of major depressive disorders by Bright White Light for 5 Days. In Halaris, A, ed: Chronobiology and Psychiatric Disorders. New York: Elsevier, 1987:207–18.Google Scholar
17.Mackert, A, Volz, HP, Stieglitz, RD, et al.Phototherapy in non-seasonal depression. Biol Psychiat 1991;30:257–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Kripke, DF, Mullaney, DJ, Klauber, MR, et al.Controlled trial of Bright Light for nonseasonal major depressive disorders. Biol Psychiat 1992;31:119–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Wetterberg, L. Light therapy of depression; basal and clinical aspects. Pharmacol Toxicol 1992;71 Suppl 1:96106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Yerevanian, BI, Anderson, JL, Grota, LJ, et al.Effects of bright incandescent light on seasonal and nonseasonal major depressive disorder. Psychiat Res 1986;18:355–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Eastman, CI. What the placebo literature can tell us about light therapy for SAD. Psychopharmacol Bull 1990;4:495504.Google Scholar
22.Eastman, CI, Lahmeyer, HW, Watell, LG, et al.A placebo-controlled trial of light treatment for winter depression. J affect Disord 1992;26:211–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Terman, M, Terman, JS. A multi-year controlled trial of bright light and negative ions. Society for Light Treatment and Biological Rhythms, Abstracts, 1996;8:1.Google Scholar
24.Eastman, CI, Young, MA, Fogg, LF, et al.Light therapy for winter depression is more than a placebo. Society for Light Treatment and Biological Rhythms, Abstracts, 1996;8:5.Google Scholar