Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T00:54:15.541Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Visuospatial memory improvement in patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI): a 1-year follow-up study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2016

Ana Luiza Zaninotto
Affiliation:
Division of Psychology, Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil Division of Neurosurgery, Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Jessica Elias Vicentini
Affiliation:
Division of Psychology, Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Davi Jorge Fontoura Solla
Affiliation:
Division of Neurosurgery, Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Tatiana Tateishi Silva
Affiliation:
Division of Psychology, Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Vinicius Monteiro de Paula Guirado
Affiliation:
Division of Neurosurgery, Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Fabrício Feltrin
Affiliation:
Institute of Radiology, Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Mara Cristina Souza de Lucia
Affiliation:
Division of Psychology, Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira
Affiliation:
Division of Neurosurgery, Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Wellingson Silva Paiva*
Affiliation:
Division of Neurosurgery, Clinics Hospital, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
*
Wellingson Silva Paiva, 255 Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar st, office 4079, 05403-010, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Tel: +55 112 661 7226; Fax: +55 112 548 6906; E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Objective

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is prevalent in traumatic brain injury (TBI), and is often associated with poor outcomes and cognitive impairment, including memory deficits. Few studies have explored visual memory after TBI and its relationship to executive functioning. Executive functioning is crucial for remembering an object’s location, operating devices, driving, and route finding. We compared visual memory performance via the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF) test 6 and 12 months after DAI.

Method

In total, 40 patients (mean age 28.7 years; 87.5% male) with moderate-to-severe DAI following a road traffic accident completed the 1-year follow-up. There was a three-phase prospective assessment. In phase 1 (1–3 months after trauma), patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). In phases 2 (6 months) and 3 (12 months), they completed the BDI, STAI, and a neuropsychological battery [ROCF copy and recall, digit span forward/backward, Grooved Pegboard test, intelligence quotient (IQ) by Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III)].

Results

There was an improvement in ROCF recall over time (p=0.013), but not ROCF copy (p=0.657).There was no change in executive function (Savage scores) copy (p=0.230) or recall (p=0.155). Age, years of education, severity of the trauma, and IQ did not influence ROCF recall improvement.

Conclusion

There are time-dependent improvements in visual memory in patients with DAI. Neuroplasticity in the 1st months after trauma provides an opportunity for visuospatial memory learning. The present findings may be useful to formulate management plans for long-term TBI rehabilitation.

Type
Original Articles
Copyright
© Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Kraus, J. Epidemiology of Head Injury. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1993.Google Scholar
2. Mcarthur, DL, Chute, D, Villablanca, JP. Moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: epidemiologic, imaging and neuropathologic perspectives. Brain Pathol 2004;14:185194.Google Scholar
3. Imai, MF, Koizumi, MS. Avaliacao da gravidade do traumatismocranio-encefalicopor indices anatomicos e fisiologicos. Revista Escola Enfermagem USP 1996;30:116137.Google Scholar
4. Whitnall, L, Mcmillan, TM, Murray, GD, Teasdale, GM. Disability in young people and adults after head injury: 5–7 year follow up of a prospective cohort study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006;77:640645.Google Scholar
5. Meythaler, JM, Peduzzi, JD, Eleftheriou, E, Novack, TA. Current concepts: diffuse axonal injury-associated traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:14611471.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6. Christensen, BK, Colella, B, Illness, E et al. Recovery of cognitive function after traumatic brain injury: a multilevel modeling analysis of Canadian outcomes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008;89:S3S15.Google Scholar
7. Scheid, R, Walther, KR, Guthke, T, Preul, C, Von Cramon, DY. Cognitive sequelae of diffuse axonal injury. Arch Neurol 2006;63:418424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8. Levin, HS. Memory deficit after closed-head injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1990;12:129153.Google Scholar
9. Mapou, R. Handbook of Head Trauma – Early-Recovery Care to Recovery. New York: Plenum Press, 2013.Google Scholar
10. Goetz, C, Pappert, E, Schmitt, B. Textbook of Clinical Neurology. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Co., 1999.Google Scholar
11. Palacios, EM, Sala-Llonch, R, Junque, C et al. Long-term declarative memory deficits in diffuse TBI: correlations with cortical thickness, white matter integrity and hippocampal volume. Cortex 2013;49:646657.Google Scholar
12. Sozda, CN, Muir, JJ, Springer, US, Partovi, D, Cole, MA. Differential learning and memory performance in OEF/OIF veterans for verbal and visual material. Neuropsychology 2014;28:347352.Google Scholar
13. Shum, DHK, Harris, D, O’Gorman, JG. Effects of severe traumatic brain injury on visual memory. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2000;22:2539.Google Scholar
14. Brooks, DN. Recognition memory, and head-injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1974;37:794801.Google Scholar
15. Spreen, O, Strauss, E. A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests Administration Norms and Commentary. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
16. Osterrieth, P. Le test de copied’une figure complex: contribution al’etude de la perception et de la memoire. Arch Psychol 1944;1:10211034.Google Scholar
17. Ashton, VL, Donders, J, Hoffman, NM. Rey Complex Figure Test performance after traumatic brain injury. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2005;27:5564.Google Scholar
18. Ariza, M, Pueyo, R, Junque, C et al. Differences in visual vs. verbal memory impairments as a result of focal temporal lobe damage in patients with traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2006;20:10531059.Google Scholar
19. Tomaiuolo, F, Carlesimo, GA, Di Paola, M et al. Gross morphology and morphometric sequelae in the hippocampus, fornix, and corpus callosum of patients with severe non-missile traumatic brain injury without macroscopically detectable lesions: a T1 weighted MRI study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:13141322.Google Scholar
20. Beck, AT, Erbaugh, J, Ward, CH, Mock, J, Mendelsohn, M. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961;4:561571.Google Scholar
21. Gorenstein, C, Andrade, L. Inventário de Depressão de Beck: propriedadespsicométricas da versãoemportuguês. Revista de Psiquiatria Clínica 1998;25:245250.Google Scholar
22. Spielberg, CD, Gorsuch, RL, Luschene, R. Testmanual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press, 1970.Google Scholar
23. Gorenstein, C, Andrade, L. Validation of a Portuguese version of the Beck depression inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in Brazilian subjects. Braz J Med Biol Res 1996;29:453457.Google Scholar
24. Rey, A. L’examinenpsychologiquedans les casd’encephalopathietraumatique. Arch Psychol 1941;286340.Google Scholar
25. Rey, A. Figurascomplexas de Rey – Manual. Casa do Psicologo, 2010.Google Scholar
26. Savage, CR, Baer, L, Keuthen, NJ, Brown, HD, Rauch, SL, Jenike, MA. Organizational strategies mediate nonverbal memory impairment in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 1999;45:905916.Google Scholar
27. Weschler, D. Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation, 1997.Google Scholar
28. Matthews, C, Klove, H. Instruction Manual for the Adult Neuropsychology Test Battery. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Medical School, 1964.Google Scholar
29. Ringe, WK, Saine, KC, Lacritz, LH, Hynan, LS, Cullum, CM. Dyadic short forms of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III. Assessment 2002;9:254260.Google Scholar
30. Coutinho, ACADM, Nascimento, E. Formas abreviadas do WAIS-III para a avaliação da inteligência. Avaliacao Psicologica 2010;9:2533.Google Scholar
31. Zaninotto, AL, French, M, Paiva, WS. Clinical trial in traumatic brain injury In Fregni F, editor. Clinical Trials in Neurological Disorders (in press).Google Scholar
32. Bell, KR, Temkin, NR, Esselman, PC et al. The effect of a scheduled telephone intervention on outcome after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: a randomized trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86:851856.Google Scholar
33. Cicerone, KD, Mott, T, Azulay, J et al. A randomized controlled trial of holistic neuropsychologic rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008;89:22392249.Google Scholar
34. Vanderploeg, RD, Schwab, K, Walker, WC et al. Rehabilitation of traumatic brain injury in active duty military personnel and veterans: defense and veterans brain injury center randomized controlled trial of two rehabilitation approaches. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008;89:22272238.Google Scholar
35. Andelic, N, Bautz-Holter, E, Ronning, P et al. Does an early onset and continuous chain of rehabilitation improve the long-term functional outcome of patients with severe traumatic brain injury? J Neurotrauma 2012;29:6674.Google Scholar
36. Wade, SL, Walz, NC, Carey, JC, Williams, KM. Preliminary efficacy of a web-based family problem-solving treatment program for adolescents with traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2008;23:369377.Google Scholar
37. Villamar, MF, Portilla, AS, Fregni, F, Zafonte, R. Noninvasive brain stimulation to modulate neuroplasticity in traumatic brain injury. Neuromodulation 2012;15:326338.Google Scholar
38. Lannoo, E, Colardyn, F, Jannes, C, De Soete, G. Course of neuropsychological recovery from moderate-to-severe head injury: a 2-year follow-up. Brain Inj 2001;15:113.Google Scholar
39. Kersel, DA, Marsh, NV, Havill, JH, Sleigh, JW. Neuropsychological functioning during the year following severe traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2001;15:283296.Google Scholar
40. Dikmen, S, Temkin, N, Mclean, A, Wyler, A, Machamer, J. Memory and head-injury severity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1987;50:16131618.Google Scholar
41. Zec, RF, Zellers, D, Belman, J et al. Long-term consequences of severe closed head injury on episodic memory. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2001;23:671691.Google Scholar
42. Vakil, E. The effect of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) on different aspects of memory: a selective review. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2005;27:9771021.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43. LEE, JH. Genetic evidence for cognitive reserve: variations in memory and related cognitive functions. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2003;25:594613.Google Scholar
44. Fann, JR, Katon, WJ, Uomoto, JM, Esselman, PC. Psychiatric-disorders and functional disability in outpatients with traumatic brain injuries. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:14931499.Google Scholar
45. Tombaugh, TN, Faulkner, P, Hubley, AM. Effects of age on the Rey-Osterriet hand Taylor complex figures – test-retest data using an intentional learning-paradigm. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1992;14:647661.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
46. Levine, AJ, Miller, EN, Becker, JT, Selnes, OA, Cohen, BA. Normative data for determining significance of test-retest differences on eight common neuropsychological instruments. Clin Neuropsychol 2004;18:373384.Google Scholar
47. Ventura, RE, Balcer, LJ, Galetta, SL. The neuro-ophthalmology of head trauma. Lancet Neurol 2014;13:10061016.Google Scholar
48. Goodrich, GL, Flyg, HM, Kirby, JE, Chang, CY, Martinsen, GL. Mechanisms of TBI and visual consequences in military and veteran populations. Optom Vis Sci 2013;90:105112.Google Scholar
49. Costa, TL, Zaninotto, ALC, Benute, GG et al. Perceptual organization deficits in traumatic brain injury patients. Neuropsychologia 2015;78:142152.Google Scholar
50. Herrera-Melero, MC, Egea-Guerrero, JJ, Vilches-Arenas, A et al. Acute predictors for mortality after severe TBI in Spain: gender differences and clinical data. Brain Inj 2015;29:14391444.Google Scholar
51. Greenwald, BD, Hammond, FM, Harrison-Felix, C, Nakase-Richardson, R, Howe, LLS, Kreider, S. Mortality following traumatic brain injury among individuals unable to follow commands at the time of rehabilitation admission: a National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research traumatic brain injury model systems study. J Neurotrauma 2015;32:18831892.Google Scholar