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The role of the cytokine network in psychological stress

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 June 2014

Yong-Ku Kim  and
Michael Maes
Yong-Ku Kim*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
Michael Maes
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
*
Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan Hospital, 516, Go-Jan Dong, Ansan city, Kyunggi Province, 425-020, Korea. Tel: 82-31-412-5140; Fax: 82-31-412-5144; E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Although a considerable amount of evidence has shown that psychological stress alters peripheral and brain cytokines, the physiological significance of cytokine alteration in psychological stress remains to be elucidated. The aims of this review are to analyze the influence of acute and chronic psychological stresses on the cytokine network in animals and in humans, and to explore the pathophysiological implication of the cytokine changes in psychological stress. Acute psychological stress may increase proinflammatory cytokines both in animals and in humans, and increase T-helper-1 cell cytokines in humans. Investigations into the effect of chronic psychological stress on cytokine production in animals gives mixed results. However, in humans, academic exam stress or care-giver's stress appears to induce a shift in the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance toward a Th2 response and increase proinflammatory cytokines. Psychological stress-induced cytokines stimulate the activity of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) and could induce serotonin depletion-related disorders such as depression in susceptible individuals. Psychological stress-induced production of cytokines may increase the risk for human diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and exacerbation of autoimmune diseases. Proinflammatory cytokines may also play a regulatory role in glucocorticoid resistance and may be involved in wound healing and skin barrier function alterations. Finally, psychological stress-induced production of cytokines may play a role in neurodegenerative changes in the brain.

Keywords

cytokineinterleukinpsychological stressIDOIRSdepressionschizophrenia
Type
Review Article
Information
Acta Neuropsychiatrica , Volume 15 , Issue 3 , June 2003 , pp. 148 - 155
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 Blackwell Munksgaard

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