Bipolar Disorder is a neglected disease. In the last twenty years fewer than 2,000 articles have been published with mania or bipolar disorder in the title, compared to 11,000 for schizophrenia and 19,000 for depression (data from EMBASE). This relative neglect of bipolar disorder is true both for neurobiological investigations and for investigations of treatment. Interest is reviving, I believe, in no small part because of the consistent support by the Stanley Foundation. Genuine advances in understanding neurobiology and treatment may be now be possible. The presentations made at this meeting are testimony to that.