Element contents
Urban Development in Southeast Asia
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 June 2022
Summary
Urbanization as a process is rife with inequality, in Southeast Asia as anywhere else, but resistance and contestation persist on the ground. In this element, the author sets out to achieve three goals: 1) to examine the political nature of urban development; 2) to scrutinize the implications of power inequality in urban development discussions; and 3) to highlight topical and methodological contributions to urban studies from Southeast Asia. The key to a robust understanding is groundedness: knowledge about the everyday realities of urban life that are hard to see on the surface but dominate how the city functions, with particular attention to human agency and the political life of marginalized groups. Ignoring politics in research on urbanization essentially perpetuates the power inequities in urban development; this element thus focuses not just on Southeast Asian cities and urbanization per se, but also on critical perspectives on patterns and processes in their development.
- Type
- Element
- Information
- Online ISBN: 9781108669108Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication: 21 July 2022
References
ACCA (Asian Coalition for Community Action). (2014). 215 cities in Asia: Fifth yearly report of the Asian Coalition for Community Action Program. www.achr.net/upload/files/1%20ACCA%20How%20it%20works%201–4.pdf.Google Scholar
ACHR (Asian Coalition for Housing Rights). (2004). Negotiating the right to stay in the city. Environment and Urbanization 16(1), 9–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al Jazeera. (2012). Jakarta is world’s most active Twitter city. www.aljazeera.com/news/asia-pacific/2012/08/201281141334716.html.Google Scholar
Allwinkle, S., & Cruickshank, P. (2011). Creating smart-er cities: An overview. Journal of Urban Technology 18(2), 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andapita, V. (2019). “Choo choo!” Greater Jakarta on track to getting reliable rail-based public transportation. Jakarta Post, November 17, 2019. www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/11/17/choo-choo-greater-jakarta-on-trackto-getting-reliable-rail-based-public-transportation.html?src=mostviewed&pg=/.Google Scholar
Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. Verso.Google Scholar
News, Antara. (2019). Indonesia masih butuhkan pembangkit listrik batu bara. Antaranews.com. www.antaranews.com/berita/955478/indonesia-masih-butuhkan-pembangkit-listrik-batu-bara.Google Scholar
Appadurai, A. (2004). The capacity to aspire: Culture and terms of recognition. In Rao, V. & Walton, M. (eds.), Culture and public action (pp. 59–84). Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Archer, D. (2012). Finance as the key to unlocking community potential: Savings, funds and the ACCA programme. Environment and Urbanization 24(2), 423–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Archer, D. (2019). Community-led processes for inclusive urban development. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 459–468). Routledge.Google Scholar
ASCN (ASEAN Smart Cities Network). (2018). ASEAN Smart Cities Network. Centre for Liveable Cities and Ministry of Foreign Affairs Singapore.Google Scholar
Baas, M. (2019). Longing and belonging in a global city: Skilled migrants in Singaporean urban space. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 135–145). Routledge.Google Scholar
Batubara, B., Warsilah, H., Wagner, I., Salam, S., & Semarang-Demak, Koalisi Pesisir. (2020). Maleh dadi Segoro: Krisis Sosial-Ekologis Kawasan Pesisir Semarang-Demak [Becoming sea: social-ecological crisis in Semarang-Demak Coast]. Lintas Nalar.Google Scholar
Bayat, A. (2012). Politics in the city, inside-out. City & Society 24(2), 110–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bello, W. (2016). High-speed growth, crisis and opportunity in Asia, East. In Schechter, M. G. (ed.), Future multilateralism: The political and social framework (pp. 196–252). Springer.Google Scholar
Bloomberg. (2017). Move over tech: Here come Southeast Asia’s builders. Bloomberg News. www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-12-06/move-over-tech-southeast-asian-builders-come-in-focus-in-2018.Google Scholar
Budianta, M. (2003). The blessed tragedy: The making of women’s activism during the Reformasi years. In Heryanto, A. & Mandal, S. K. (eds.), Challenging authoritarianism in Southeast Asia: Comparing Indonesia and Malaysia (pp. 145–177). Routledge Curzon.Google Scholar
Bunnell, T. (2018). Introduction: Futurity and urban Asias. In Bunnell, T. & Goh, D. P. S. (eds.), Urban Asias: Essays on futurity past and present (pp. 9–20). Jovis.Google Scholar
Bunnell, T., & Goh, D. P. S. (2012). Urban aspirations and Asian cosmopolitanisms. Geoforum 43(1), 1–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bunnell, T., Goh, D. P. S., & Ng, H. (2019). Aspiration in urban(izing) Southeast Asia. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 115–129). Routledge.Google Scholar
Cairns, S. (2019). Debilitating city-centricity: Urbanization and urban-rural hybridity in Southeast Asia. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 288–306). Routledge.Google Scholar
Chalana, M., & Hou, J. (eds.) (2016). Messy urbanism: Understanding the “other” cities of Asia. Hong Kong University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chalermpong, S. (2019). Transportation development and urbanization in the Bangkok metropolitan region. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 288–306). Routledge.Google Scholar
Degli-Esposti, S., & Ahmed Shaikh, S. (2018). With smart cities, your every step will be recorded. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/with-smart-cities-your-every-step-will-be-recorded-94527.Google Scholar
Department of Statistics Singapore. (2020). Understanding age-specific fertility rate and total fertility rate. www.singstat.gov.sg/modules/infographics/total-fertility-rate.Google Scholar
Dick, H., & Rimmer, P. J. (1998). Beyond the third world city: The new urban geography of South-East Asia. Urban Studies 35(12), 2303–2321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiGregorio, M. (2015). Bargaining with disaster: Flooding, climate change and urban growth ambitions in Quy Nhon City, Vietnam. Pacific Affairs 88(3), 577–598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglass, M. (2010). Globalization, mega-projects and the environment: Urban form and water in Jakarta. Environment and Urbanization Asia 1(1), 45–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglass, M., & Jones, G. W. (2008). The morphology of mega-urban regions expansion. In Jones, G. W. & Douglass, M. (eds.), Mega-urban regions in Pacific Asia: Urban dynamics in a global era (pp. 19–40). NUS Press.Google Scholar
Douglass, M., & Jones, G. W. (2008). Mega-urban region dynamics in comparative perspective. In Jones, G. W. & Douglass, M. (Eds.), Mega-urban regions in Pacific Asia: Urban dynamics in a global era (pp. 320–349). NUS Press.Google Scholar
Dovey, K. (2014). Incremental urbanism: The emergence of informal settlements. In Haas, T. & Olsson, K. (Eds.), Emergent Urbanism (pp. 45–54). Ashgate.Google Scholar
Elinoff, E. (2016). A house is more than a house: Aesthetic politics in a northeastern Thai railway settlement. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 22(3), 610–632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elinoff, E. (2018). No future here: Urbanization and hope in Thailand. In Bunnell, T. & Goh, D. P. S. (eds.), Urban Asias: Essays on futurity past and present (pp. 121–134). Jovis.Google Scholar
Ferzacca, S. (2022). Heritage and a community of belonging in Singapore. In Herzfeld, M. & Padawangi, R. (eds.), The resilience of the vernacular: Selected case studies from Asian countries. Amsterdam University Press.Google Scholar
Flanagan, M. A. (2002). Seeing with their hearts: Chicago women and the vision of the good city 1871–1933. Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Florida, R. (2005). The flight of the creative class: The new global competition for talent. HarperCollins.Google Scholar
Forbes, D. (2019). Knowledge, creativity and the city. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 43–53). Routledge.Google Scholar
Friedmann, J. (1992). Empowerment: The politics of alternative development. Blackwell.Google Scholar
Gani, E. (2018). Answering Jakarta: My step to move on. Postgraduate research at the London School of Economics. https://medium.com/@edbert.gani/answering-jakarta-my-step-to-move-on-a27e91b48785.Google Scholar
Ghertner, D. A. (2010). Rule by aesthetics: World-class city making in Delhi. Doctoral dissertation/University of California at Berkeley. Energy and Resources, Graduate Division.Google Scholar
Goh, D. P. S. (2018). Conclusion: Reflections on urban agency. In Bunnell, T. & Goh, D. P. S. (eds.), Urban Asias: Essays on futurity past and present (pp. 305–310). Jovis.Google Scholar
Goh, D. P. S., Bunnell, T., & van der Veer, P. (2015). Introduction: Doing Asian cities. Ethnography 16(3), 287–294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Habermas, J. (1964). The public sphere: An encyclopaedia article. New German Critique 3, 49–55.Google Scholar
Harms, E. (2012). Beauty as control in the New Saigon: Eviction, new urban zones, and atomized dissent in a Southeast Asian city. American Ethnologist 39(4), 735–750.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harvey, D. (2003). The right to the city. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 27(4), 939–941.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatley, B. (2002). Literature, mythology and regime change: Some observations on recent Indonesian women’s writing. In Robinson, K. & Bessell, S. (eds.), Women in Indonesia: Gender, equity and development (pp. 130–143). ISEAS.Google Scholar
Henschke, R. (2020). Indonesia’s new capital. BBC News Global Business. www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w3csy82r.Google Scholar
Henschke, R., & Utama, A. (2020). When your capital is sinking … Start again? BBC News. www.bbc.co.uk/news/extra/xsyGF2fhsL/Indonesia_new_capital?fbclid=IwAR1FsEkS0MI1dUWP_9ulBFxjPTQ8E1T_Q7AlbaR9x-BPToZoa8torjCdIuA.Google Scholar
Herlambang, S., Leitner, H., Liong, J. T., Sheppard, E., & Anguelov, D. (2019). Jakarta’s great land transformation: Hybrid neoliberalisation and informality. Urban Studies 56(4), 627–648.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hettne, B. (1995). Development theory and the three worlds: Towards an international political economy of development (2nd ed.). Longman Scientific & Technical.Google Scholar
Hollands, R. G. (2008). Will the real smart city please stand up? City 12(3), 303–320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ILO (International Labour Organization). (2019). Informal economy in Asia and the Pacific. www.ilo.org/asia/areas/informal-economy/lang–en/index.htm.Google Scholar
ISEAS (Institute of Southeast Asian Studies). (2009). Urbanisation in Southeast Asian Countries. ISEAS.Google Scholar
IQAir. (2018). 2018 world air quality report: Region & city PM 2.5 ranking. IQAir AirVisual.Google Scholar
Jackson, P. A. (2001). Pre-gay, post-queer: Thai perspectives on proliferating gender/sex diversity in Asia. Journal of Homosexuality 40(3–4), 1–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jakarta Open Data (2018). Data Angka Kelahiran, Kematian, Dan Harapan Hidup Di DKI Jakarta [Births, deaths, and life expectancy data in DKI Jakarta]. https://data.jakarta.go.id/dataset/angkakelahirankematiandanharapanhidupdidkijakarta18mei.Google Scholar
Johnson, H., & Simonette, V. (2019). Lives lived and lost along Manila’s Pasig River. BBC News. www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-49203752.Google Scholar
Jones, G. W. (2019). Some conceptual and methodological issues in studying urbanization in Southeast Asia. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 90–100). Routledge.Google Scholar
Jones, G. W., & Douglass, M. (2008). Introduction. In Jones, G. W. & Douglass, M. (eds.), Mega-urban regions in Pacific Asia: Urban dynamics in a global era (pp. 1–18). NUS Press.Google Scholar
Kathiravelu, L., & Wong, G. (2019). Marginalized migrants and urbanization in Southeast Asia. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 146–156). Routledge.Google Scholar
Kim, K., & Bui, L. (2019). An assessment of disaster risk and resilience in rapidly urbanizing ASEAN cities. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 325–344). Routledge.Google Scholar
Kitchin, R. (2014). The real-time city? Big data and smart urbanism. GeoJournal (79), 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koh, S. Y. (2019). Challenges and opportunities of comparative urbanism: The case of Brunei-Miri and Singapore-Iskandar Malaysia. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 101–114). Routledge.Google Scholar
Komninos, N. (2002). Intelligent cities: Innovation, knowledge systems and digital spaces. Spon Press.Google Scholar
Kong, L. (2007). Cultural icons and urban development in Asia: Economic imperative, national identity, and global city status. Political Geography 26, 383–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kusno, A. (2017a). Southeast Asia: Colonial Discourses. In Hein, C. (ed.), Routledge handbook of planning history (pp. 218–229). Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kusno, A. (2017b). Postcolonial Southeast Asia. In Hein, C. (ed.), Routledge Handbook of Planning History (pp. 230–243). Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kusno, A. (2019). Provisional notes on semi-urbanism. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 75–89). Routledge.Google Scholar
Lee, J. T-T. (2015). We built this city: Public participation in land use decisions in Singapore. Asian Journal of Comparative Law 10(2), 213–234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lim, M. (2019). Disciplining dissent: Freedom, control and digital activism in Southeast Asia. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 478–494). Routledge.Google Scholar
Lim, M. (2017). Freedom to hate: Social media, algorithmic enclaves, and the rise of tribal nationalism in Indonesia. Critical Asian Studies 49(3), 411–427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindquist, J. (2008). The anxieties of mobility: Migration and tourism in the Indonesian borderlands. University of Hawaii Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lombard, D. (1995). Networks and Synchronisms in Southeast Asian History. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 26(1), 10–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Losiri, C., Nagai, M., Ninsawat, S., & Shrestha, R. P. (2016). Modeling urban expansion in Bangkok Metropolitan Region using demographic-economic data through Cellular Automata-Markov Chain and Multi-Layer Perceptron-Markov Chain models. Sustainability 8(7), 686.Google Scholar
LTA (Land Transport Authority). (2020). Statistics. www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltagov/en/who_we_are/statistics_and_publications/statistics.html.Google Scholar
Marks, D. (2019). The political ecology of uneven development and vulnerability. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 345–354). Routledge.Google Scholar
Marks, D., & Zhang, J. (2018). Circuits of power: Environmental injustice from Bangkok’s shopping malls to Laos’ hydropower dams. Asia Pacific Viewpoint 60(3), 296–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matejowsky, T., & Milgram, B. L. (2019). Informality, advocacy, and governmentality in urbanizing Northern Philippine cities: Baguio, Benguet and Dagupan, Pangasinan. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 433–446). Routledge.Google Scholar
Mayer, M. (2020). What does it mean to be a (radical) urban scholar-activist, or activist-scholar, today? City 24(1–2), 35–51.Google Scholar
McGee, T. G. (2002). Reconstructing the Southeast Asian City in an era of volatile globalization. Asian Journal of Social Science 30(1), 8–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGee, T. G. (1991). The emergence of desakota regions in Asia: Expanding a hypothesis. In Ginsburg, N., Koppel, B. M. & McGee, T. G. (eds.), The extended metropolis: Settlement transition in Asia (pp. 3–25). University of Hawai’i Press.Google Scholar
McGee, T. G. (1967). The Southeast Asian city: Between modernity and development. Routledge.Google Scholar
McGee, T. G., & Shaharudin, I. (2016). Reimagining the “peri-urban” in the mega-urban regions of Southeast Asia. In Maheshwari, B., Singh, V. P. & Thoradeniya, B. (eds.), Balanced urban development: Options and strategies for liveable cities (pp. 499–516). Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MDHS (Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey) (2015–16). Key Indicators. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/MDHS%202015-16%20KIR.pdf.Google Scholar
Mills, M. B. (2005). From nimble fingers to raised fists: Women and labor activism in globalizing Thailand. Signs 31(1), 117–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ministry of Health and Lao Statistics Bureau (2012). Lao Social Indicator Survey 2011–12. Vientiane, Lao PDR.Google Scholar
The Nation. (2018). The “Battery of Asia” could face a short-circuit. Editorial note, August 15, 2018. www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/the-battery-of-asia-could-face-a-short-circuit-the-nation.Google Scholar
National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN), Statistics Indonesia (BPS), Ministry of Health (Kemenkes), & ICF (2018). Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2017. BKKBN, BPS, Kemenkes, and ICF.Google Scholar
Norris, C. (2005). From personal to digital: CCTV, the panopticon, and the technological mediation of suspicion and social control. In Surveillance as Social Sorting (pp. 263–295). Routledge.Google Scholar
Oetomo, D. (2008). Claiming gay persons’ sexual rights in Indonesia. Sexual Health Exchange 2001–3. www.kit.nl/exchange/html/2001-3-claiming_gay_persons.asp.Google Scholar
Ong, A., & Peletz, M. G. (1995). Introduction. In Ong, A. & Peletz, M. G. (eds.), Bewitching women, pious men: Gender and body politics in Southeast Asia (pp. 1–18). University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ortega, A. A. C. (2019). Mega-regionalization of a nation: Philippine mega-regions and the impulse to globalize. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 207–220). Routledge.Google Scholar
Padawangi, R. (2014). Reform, resistance and empowerment: Constructing the public city from the grassroots in Jakarta, Indonesia. International Development Planning Review 36(1), 33–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Padawangi, R. (2018a). In search of alternative development in post-Reformasi Jakarta. In Hellman, J., Thynell, M. & van Voorst, R. (eds.), Jakarta: Claiming spaces and rights in the city (pp. 173–194). Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Padawangi, R. (2018b). The social city: Aspiration of an urban transformation in Asia. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung Discussion Paper. https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/indonesien/14364-20180429.pdf.Google Scholar
Padawangi, R. (2018c). Excavating the ruins of aspirational urban futures in Bukit Duri, Jakarta. In Bunnell, T. & Goh, D. P. S. (eds.), Urban Asias: Essays on futurity past and present (pp. 205–208). Jovis.Google Scholar
Padawangi, R. (2019). Forced evictions, spatial (un)certainties and the making of exemplary centres in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Viewpoint 60(1), 65–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Padawangi, R. (2020). Questioning Normalcy: Rethinking Urbanisation, Development and Collective Action through the COVID-19 Moment. LSE-SEAC Blog. https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/seac/2020/07/20/questioning-normalcy-rethinking-urbanisation-development-and-collective-action-through-the-covid-19-moment/.Google Scholar
Padawangi, R., & Vallée, M. (2017). Water connections: Output-Based Aid for the urban poor and the pursuit of water justice in Jakarta, Indonesia. In Caniglia, B., Vallée, M. & Frank, B. (eds.), Resilience, Environmental Justice and the City (pp. 118–137). Routledge.Google Scholar
Padawangi, R. (2016). Benedict Anderson: A reflection by an Indonesian urbanist. Theory, Culture and Society 33(7–8), 329–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Padawangi, R., Rabé, P., & Perkasa, A. (2021). River cities: Water space in urban development and history. In Padawangi, R., Rabé, P. & Perkasa, A. (eds.) River Cities: Water space in urban development and history. Amsterdam University Press.Google Scholar
Padawangi, R., Turpin, E., Herlily, , Prescott, M.F., Lee, I., & Shepherd, A. (2016). Mapping an alternative community river: The case of the Ciliwung. Sustainable Cities and Society (20), 147–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Padawangi, R., & Douglass, M. (2015). Water, water everywhere: Toward participatory solutions to chronic urban flooding in Jakarta. Pacific Affairs 88(3), 517–550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paddison, R. (2009). Some reflections on the limitations to public participation in the post-political city. L’Espace Politique 8. https://journals.openedition.org/espacepolitique/1393.Google Scholar
Patel, S., Baptist, C., & d’Cruz, C. (2012). Knowledge is power: Informal communities assert their right to the city through SDI and community-led enumerations. Environment and Urbanization 24(1), 13–26.Google Scholar
Peeters, R. (2013). Surabaya, 1945–2010: Neighbourhood, state and economy in Indonesia’s city of struggle. NUS Press.Google Scholar
Perkasa, A. (2012). Orang-orang Tionghoa dan Islam di Majapahit [The Chinese and Islam in Majapahit]. Ombak.Google Scholar
Perkasa, A., Padawangi, R., & Farida, E. N. (2021). Bhinneka Tunggal Ika: From slogan to everyday urban? Examining neighborhood practices of diversity as counter-discourse in Kampung Peneleh, Surabaya. Building City Knowledge from Neighborhoods. Asia Research Institute, Singapore.Google Scholar
Phuc, N. Q., Zoomers, A., & van Westen, A. C. M. (2015). Compulsory land acquisition for urban expansion: A study of farmer’s protest in peri-urban Hue, Central Vietnam. Conference: Land grabbing, conflict and agrarian‐environmental transformations: Perspectives from East and Southeast Asia (June 5–6, 2015), Conference Paper No. 59.Google Scholar
Kojima, M., Iwasaki, F., Johannes, H. P., & Edita, E. P. (2020). Policy Brief: Strengthening waste management policies to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. Economic research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA). www.think-asia.org/bitstream/handle/11540/12206/Strengthening-Waste-Management-Policies-to-Mitigate-the-COVID19-Pandemic-.pdf.Google Scholar
Preecharushh, D. (2010). Myanmar’s new capital city of Naypyidaw. In Brunn, S. D. (ed.), Engineering Earth (pp. 1021–1044). Springer.Google Scholar
Pujiwati, & Upik, . (2007). Pengantar: Menjadi ibu rumah tangga yang memahami hak-hak ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya [Introduction: becoming a housewife with awareness on economic, social, and cultural rights]. In Ratih, A. A., Fauzi, M. & Setyosiswanto, S. (eds.), Di antara belantara Jakarta: Pengalaman kaum ibu di Rempoa dan Cilandak Barat [Amid the concrete jungle of Jakarta: experiences of women in Rempoa and West Cilandak] (pp. 1–24). Suara Ibu Peduli and Elkasa.Google Scholar
Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) and ICF International. (2014). Philippines National Demographic and Health Survey 2013. PSA and ICF International.Google Scholar
Reid, A. (1993). Southeast Asia in the age of commerce, 1450–1680: Volume 2, Expansion and crisis. Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Rimmer, P. J., & Dick, H. (2019). Gateways, corridors and peripheries. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 9–30). Routledge.Google Scholar
Rimmer, P. J., & Dick, H. (2009). The city in Southeast Asia: Patterns, Processes and Policy. NUS Press.Google Scholar
Roberts, J. L. (2019). In search of urban identities in Myanmar. In Padawangi, R. (Ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 400–410). Routledge.Google Scholar
Roy, A. (2009). Why India cannot plan its cities: Informality, Insurgence and the idiom of urbanization. Planning Theory 8(1), 76–87.Google Scholar
Rukmana, D. (2015). The change and transformation of Indonesian spatial planning after Suharto’s New Order regime: The case of the Jakarta Metropolitan Area. International Planning Studies 20(4), 1–21.Google Scholar
Salim, W., Hudalah, D., & Firman, T. (2018). Spatial planning and urban development in Jakarta’s metropolitan area. In Hellman, J., Thynell, M. & van Voorst, R. (eds.), Jakarta: Claiming spaces and rights in the city (pp. 58–74). Routledge.Google Scholar
Sarkar, S., & De, E. N. (2002). Introduction: Marking times and territories. In Sarkar, S. & De, E. N. (eds.), Trans-Status Subjects: Gender in the Globalization of South and Southeast Asia (pp. 1–29). Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Savage, V. R. (2019). The urban transformation in Southeast Asia: From cosmic cities to urban centers. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 375–386). Routledge.Google Scholar
Savirani, A., & Aspinall, E. (2017). Adversarial linkages: The urban poor and electoral politics in Jakarta. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 36(3), 3–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sereypagna, P. (2018). A genealogy of Phnom Penh’s white building: From modern minimal housing unit to reimagining of alternative urban futures. In Bunnell, T. & Goh, D. P. S. (eds.), Urban Asias: Essays on futurity past and present (pp. 43–54). Jovis.Google Scholar
Shatkin, G. (2004). Planning to forget: Informal settlements as “forgotten places” in globalising Metro Manila. Urban Studies 41(12), 2469–2484.Google Scholar
Silas, J. (2020). Johan Silas: Kekhasan kota ada di kampungnya [Johan Silas: a city’s uniqueness is in its kampungs]. Tempo Magazine. https://majalah.tempo.co/read/lingkungan/159759/cerita-tokoh-arsitektur-johan-silas-soal-konsep-kota-kampung-surabaya?hidden=login.Google Scholar
Simone, A. M. (2019). The politics of increments in collective urban action. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 64–74). Routledge.Google Scholar
Simone, A. M. (2014). Jakarta: Drawing the city near. University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simone, A. M., & Pieterese, E. J. (2017). New urban worlds: Inhabiting dissonant times. Wiley.Google Scholar
Singapore Government (2019). The planning act: Master plan written statement 2019. www.ura.gov.sg/-/media/Corporate/Planning/Master-Plan/MP19writtenstatement.pdf?la=en.Google Scholar
Sinha, V. (2018). Methodological musings: Trawling Singapore’s urban religious landscapes. In Bunnell, T. & Goh, D. P. S. (eds.), Urban Asias: Essays on futurity past and present (pp. 263–276). Jovis.Google Scholar
Siswanto, & Raharjo, D. B. (2016). Reklamasi Pulau G lanjut, Ahok kebut rusun dari duit pengembang [Islet G reclamation continues, Ahok speeds up development of rental flats using money from private developers]. Suara.com, September 13, 2016. www.suara.com/news/2016/09/13/221451/reklamasi-pulau-g-lanjut-ahok-kebut-rusun-dari-duit-pengembang.Google Scholar
Steinberg, F. (2007). Jakarta: Environmental problems and sustainability. Habitat International 31, 354–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoler, A. L. (2008). Imperial debris: Reflections on ruins and ruination. Cultural Anthropology 23(2), 191–219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutherland, H. (1974). Notes on Java’s regent families: Part II. Indonesia 17, 1–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, J. (2019). Citywide participatory community mapping. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 469–477). Routledge.Google Scholar
Tonkiss, F. (2005). Space, the city and social theory: Social relations and urban forms. Polity Press.Google Scholar
Tran, H. A. (2019). From socialist modernism to market modernism? Master-planned developments in post-reform Vietnam. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 249–264). Routledge.Google Scholar
UCLG-ASPAC. (2019). 5th ASEAN Mayors Forum: Driving local actions for sustainable and inclusive growth (Concept Note). https://uclg-aspac.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/AMF_Concept-Note-1.pdf.Google Scholar
UKNA (Urban Knowledge Network Asia). (2020). The Southeast Asia Neighborhoods Network (SEANNET). www.ukna.asia/seannet.Google Scholar
UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme). (2017). Waste management in ASEAN countries: Summary Report. UNEP.Google Scholar
United Nations (2018). The World’s Cities in 2018 Data Booklet. United Nations. www.un.org/en/events/citiesday/assets/pdf/the_worlds_cities_in_2018_data_booklet.pdf.Google Scholar
United Nations Human Settlement Programme (UN-Habitat). (2015). Global urban indicators database 2015.Google Scholar
United Nations Population Division. (2018). World urbanization prospects: 2018 revision. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?end=2018&start=1960.Google Scholar
UPCA (Urban Poor Coalition Asia). (2012). Declaration of commitment and action of the Urban Poor Coalition Asia. www.achr.net/upload/downloads/file_16122013102518.pdf.Google Scholar
URA (Urban Redevelopment Authority Singapore). (2020a). Concept plan. www.ura.gov.sg/Corporate/Planning/Concept-Plan.Google Scholar
URA (Urban Redevelopment Authority Singapore). (2020b). Master plan. www.ura.gov.sg/Corporate/Planning/Master-Plan.Google Scholar
URA (Urban Redevelopment Authority Singapore). (2020c). Past concept plans. www.ura.gov.sg/Corporate/Planning/Concept-Plan/Past-Concept-Plans.Google Scholar
URA (Urban Redevelopment Authority Singapore). (2020d). Concept plan 2011 and MND land use plan. www.ura.gov.sg/Corporate/Planning/Concept-Plan/Land-Use-Plan.Google Scholar
Utomo, A. (2005). Romanticising the gender wage gap in modern Indonesia: Old themes and new ideas in labour market expectations. International Union for the Scientific Study of the Population XXV International Population Conference Tours.Google Scholar
Vollmer, D., Costa, D., Lin, E. S., Ninsalam, Y., Shaad, K., Prescott, M. F., Gurusamy, S., Remondi, F., Padawangi, R., Burlando, P., Girot, C., Grêt-Regamey, A., & Rekittke, J. (2015). Changing the course of rivers in an Asian city: Linking landscapes to human benefits through iterative modelling and design. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 51(3), 672–688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wade, G. D. (2012). Southeast Asian Islam and Southern China in the fourteenth century. In Wade, G. & Li, T. (eds.), Anthony Reid and the study of Southeast Asian past (pp. 125–145). ISEAS.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warouw, N. (2019). Women workers and urban imagination in Indonesia’s industrial town. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 157–167). Routledge.Google Scholar
Wilson, I. (2011). Reconfiguring rackets: Racket regimes, protection and the state in post-New Order Jakarta. In Aspinall, E. & van Klinken, G. (eds.), The state and illegality in Indonesia (pp. 239–260). KITLV Press.Google Scholar
Wirth, L. (1938). Urbanism as a way of life. American Journal of Sociology 44(1), 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Bank Data. (2019). Fertility rate, total (births per woman) – Brunei Darussalam. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN?locations=BN.Google Scholar
Yamada, T. S. (2019). Phnom Penh’s Diamond Island: City of spectacle. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 307–319). Routledge.Google Scholar
Yap, K. S. (2019). Peri-urban transformations in Southeast Asia. In Padawangi, R. (ed.), Routledge handbook of urbanization in Southeast Asia (pp. 43–53). Routledge.Google Scholar
Yap, K. S., & Thuzar, M. (eds.) (2012). Urbanization in Southeast Asia: Issues and impacts. ISEAS.Google Scholar
Yasmeen, G. (2002). Nurturing, gender ideologies, and Bangkok’s foodscape. In Sarkar, S. & De, E. N. (eds.), Trans-status subjects: Gender in the globalization of South and Southeast Asia (pp. 147–166). Duke University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yeoh, B. S. A. (1996). Contesting Space in Colonial Singapore. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Yeoh, B. S. A. (2005). The global cultural city? Spatial Imagineering and politics in the (multi)cultural marketplaces of South-East Asia. Urban Studies 42(5–6), 945–958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yeoh, B. S. A., & Huang, S. (1998). Negotiating public space: strategies and styles of migrant female domestic workers in Singapore. Urban Studies 35(3), 583–602.Google Scholar
Yu, S. (2020). Jakarta Kota Air – Part 4. Watchdoc Documentary Maker. www.youtube.com/watch?v=zFzBc7cQHQc.Google Scholar