Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T14:27:50.059Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Substance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 October 2022

Donnchadh O'Conaill
Affiliation:
Université de Fribourg, Switzerland

Summary

Substance has long been one of the key categories in metaphysics. This Element focuses on contemporary work on substance, and in particular on contemporary substance ontologies, metaphysical systems in which substance is one of the fundamental categories and individual substances are among the basic building blocks of reality. The topics discussed include the different metaphysical roles which substances have been tasked with playing; different critieria of substancehood (accounts of what is it to be a substance); arguments for and against the existence of substances; and different accounts of which entities, if any, count as substances.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781108935531
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 03 November 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albahari, Miri (2006) Analytical Buddhism: The Two-Tiered Illusion of Self. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anscombe, G. E. M. (1964) ‘Substance’, Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 38 (1): 6978.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aristotle, (1984a [1963]) ‘Categories’ (trans. John L. Ackrill), in The Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford Translation (ed. Barnes, Jonathan). Princeton: Princeton University Press, 324.Google Scholar
Aristotle, (1984b [1924]) ‘Metaphysics’ (trans. William D. Ross), in The Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford Translation (ed. Barnes, Jonathan). Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1552–728.Google Scholar
Armstrong, David M. (1997) A World of States of Affairs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Audi, Paul (2012) ‘Grounding: Toward a Theory of the In-Virtue-Of Relation’, Journal of Philosophy 109 (12): 685711. http://doi.org/10.5840/jphil20121091232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ayers, Michael (1991) ‘Substance: Prolegomena to a Realist Theory of Identity’, Journal of Philosophy 88 (2): 6990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnes, Elizabeth (2018) ‘Symmetric Dependence’, in Bliss, Ricki & Priest, Graham (eds.), Reality and Its Structure: Essays in Fundamentality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 5069.Google Scholar
Bennett, Karen (2017) Making Things Up. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benovsky, Jiri (2016) Meta-Metaphysics: On Metaphysical Equivalence, Primitiveness, and Theory Choice. Cham: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bermúdez, José Luis (2015) ‘Selves, Bodies, and Self-Reference: Reflections on Jonathan Lowe’s Non-Cartesian Dualism’, Journal of Consciousness Studies 22 (11–12): 2042.Google Scholar
Bliss, Ricki (2013) ‘Viciousness and the Structure of Reality’, Philosophical Studies 166 (2): 399418. http://doi:10.1007/s11098-012-0043-0.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bliss, Ricki (2019) ‘What Work the Fundamental?’, Erkenntnis 84 (2): 359–79. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10670-017-9962-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bliss, Ricki & Priest, Graham (2018) ‘The Geography of Fundamentality: An Overview’, in Bliss, Ricki & Priest, Graham (eds.), Reality and Its Structure: Essays in Fundamentality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brenner, Andrew, Maurin, Anna-Sofia, Skiles, Alexander, Stenwall, Robin & Thompson, Naomi (2021) ‘Metaphysical Explanation’, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2021/entries/metaphysical-explanation.Google Scholar
Broackes, Justin (2006) ‘Substance’, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 106 (1): 133–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calosi, Claudio (2018) ‘Quantum Monism: An Assessment’, Philosophical Studies 175 (12): 3217–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-017-1002-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calosi, Claudio & Morganti, Matteo (2020) ‘Interpreting Quantum Entanglement: Steps towards Coherentist Quantum Mechanics’, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 72 (3): 865–91. http://doi:10.1093/bjps/axy064.Google Scholar
Campbell, Keith (1990) Abstract Particulars. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Correia, Fabrice (2005) Existential Dependence and Cognate Notions. Munich: Philosophia.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Correia, Fabrice (2008) ‘Ontological Dependence’, Philosophy Compass 3 (5): 1013–32. http://doi:10.1111/j.1747-9991.2008.00170.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Correia, Fabrice (2017) ‘Real Definitions’, Philosophical Issues 27 (1): 5273. http://doi:10.1111/phis.12091.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crane, Tim (2003) ‘Mental Substances’, Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 53: 229–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dainton, Barry (2008) The Phenomenal Self. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dasgupta, Shamik (2017) ‘Constitutive Explanation’, Philosophical Issues 27 (1): 7497. http://doi:10.1111/phis.12102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denby, David (2007) ‘A Note on Analysing Substancehood’, Australasian Journal of Philosophy 85 (3): 473–84. http://doi:10.1080/00048400701572238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
deRosset, Louis (2020) ‘Anti-Skeptical Rejoinders’, in Raven, Michael J. (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Metaphysical Grounding. New York: Routledge, 180–93.Google Scholar
Descartes, René (1985 [1644]) ‘Principles of Philosophy’, in The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, vol. I (trans. John Cottingham, Robert Stoothoff & Dugald Murdoch). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dixon, T. Scott (2016) ‘What Is the Well-Foundedness of Grounding?’, Mind 125 (498): 439–68. http://doi:10.1093/mind/fzv112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorato, Mauro & Morganti, Matteo (2013) ‘Grades of Individuality: A Pluralistic View of Identity in Quantum Mechanics and in the Sciences’, Philosophical Studies 163 (3): 591610. doi http://0.1007/s11098-011-9833-z.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dowell, Janice L. (2006) ‘Formulating the Thesis of Physicalism: An Introduction’, Philosophical Studies 131 (1): 123. http://doi:10.1007/s11098-006-6641-y.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esfeld, Michael (2021) ‘Thing and Non-thing Ontologies’, in Bliss, Ricki & Miller, James T. M. (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Metametaphysics. Abingdon: Routledge, 459–67.Google Scholar
Fine, Kit (1995) ‘Ontological Dependence’, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society (New Series) 95 (1): 269–90.Google Scholar
Fine, Kit (2003) ‘The Non-Identity of a Material Thing and Its Matter’, Mind 112 (446): 195234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, John (1991) The Immaterial Self: A Defence of the Cartesian Dualist Conception of the Mind. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
French, Steven (2019) ‘Identity and Individuality in Quantum Theory’, in Edward N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/qt-idind.Google Scholar
Gorman, Michael (2006) ‘Substance and Identity-Dependence’, Philosophical Papers 35 (1): 103–18. http://doi:10.1080/05568640609485174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorman, Michael (2012) ‘On Substantial Independence: A Reply to Patrick Toner’, Philosophical Studies 159 (2): 293–7. http://doi:10.1007/sl1098-011-9708-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Healey, Richard (1995) ‘Substance, Modality and Spacetime’, Erkenntnis 42 (3): 287316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heil, John (2003) From an Ontological Point of View. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heil, John (2012) The Universe as We Find It. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffman, Joshua (2011) ‘Metametaphysics and Substance: Two Case Studies’, Axiomathes 21 (4): 491505. http://doi:10.1007/s10516-010-9123-y.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffman, Joshua & Rosenkrantz, Gary S. (1994) Substance among Other Categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffman, Joshua & Rosenkrantz, Gary S. (1997) Substance: Its Nature and Existence. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoffman, Joshua & Rosenkrantz, Gary S. (2007) ‘How to Analyse Substance: A Reply to Schnieder’, Ratio 20 (1): 130–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inman, Ross D. (2018) Substance and the Fundamentality of the Familiar: A Neo-Aristotelian Mereology. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ismael, Jenann & Schaffer, Jonathan (2019) ‘Quantum Holism: Nonseparability as Common Ground’, Synthese 197 (10): 4131–60. http://doi:10.1007/s11229-016-1201-2.Google Scholar
Jaworski, William (2016) Structure and the Metaphysics of Mind: How Hylomorphism Solves the Mind-Body Problem. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, Carrie S. (2010) ‘What is Ontological Realism?’, Philosophy Compass 5 (10): 880–90. http://doi:10.1111/j.1747-9991.2010.00332.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, Jaegwon (1998) Mind in a Physical World: An Essay on the Mind-Body Problem and Mental Causation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koslicki, Kathrin (2008) The Structure of Objects. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koslicki, Kathrin (2012) ‘Varieties of Ontological Dependence’, in Correia, Fabrice and Schnieder, Benjamin (eds.), Metaphysical Grounding: Understanding the Structure of Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 186213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koslicki, Kathrin (2015) ‘The Coarse-Grainedness of Grounding’, Oxford Studies in Metaphysics 9: 306–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koslicki, Kathrin (2018) Form, Matter, Substance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koslicki, Kathrin (2020) ‘Skeptical Doubts’, in Raven, Michael J. (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Metaphysical Grounding. New York: Routledge, 164–79.Google Scholar
Kronen, John & Tuttle, Jacob (2011) ‘Composite Substances as True Wholes: Toward a Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika Theory of Composite Substances’, Canadian Journal of Philosophy 41 (2): 289316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ladyman, James & Ross, Don, with Spurrett, David & Collier, John (2007) Every Thing Must Go: Metaphysics Naturalized. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, Joseph & Trogdon, Kelly (2009) ‘The Modal Status of Materialism’, Philosophical Studies 145 (3): 351–62, http://doi:10.1007/s11098-008-9235-z.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, David K. (1983) ‘New Work for a Theory of Universals’, Australasian Journal of Philosophy 61 (4): 343–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loose, Jonathan J., Menuge, Angus J. L. & Moreland, James P. (eds.) (2018) The Blackwell Companion to Substance Dualism. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loux, Michael J. (1978) Substance and Attribute: A Study in Ontology. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loux, Michael J. (2006) Metaphysics: A Contemporary Introduction (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lovejoy, Arthur O. (1964 [1936]) The Great Chain of Being. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Lowe, E. J. (1996) Subjects of Experience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowe, E. J. (1998) The Possibility of Metaphysics: Substance, Identity, and Time. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lowe, E. J. (2006) The Four-Category Ontology: A Metaphysical Foundation for Natural Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lowe, E. J. (2012) ‘Against Monism’, in Goff, Philip (ed.), Spinoza on Monism. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 92112.Google Scholar
Lowe, E. J. (2013) ‘Varieties of Metaphysical Dependence’, in Hoeltje, Miguel, Schnieder, Benjamin & Steinberg, Alex (eds.), Varieties of Dependence: Ontological Dependence, Grounding, Supervenience, Response-Dependence. Munich: Philosophia, 193210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowe, E. J. (2016) ‘Non-Individuals’, in Guay, Alexandre & Pradeu, Thomas (eds.), Individuals Across the Sciences. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 4960.Google Scholar
Mackie, Penelope (2000) ‘Review of Substance among Other Categories by J. Hoffman & G. S. Rosenkrantz’, Mind 109 (433): 149–52.Google Scholar
Mackie, Penelope (2021) ‘Persistence and Modality’, Synthese 198 (6): 1425–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-018-1776-x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madden, Rory (2015) ‘The Place of the Self in Contemporary Metaphysics’, Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 76: 7795. http://doi:10.1017/S1358246115000089.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mallozzi, Antonella, Vaidya, Anand & Wallner, Michael (2021) ‘The Epistemology of Modality’, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/modality-epistemology.Google Scholar
Marmodoro, Anna (2021) ‘Hylomorphic Unity’, in Bliss, Ricki & Miller, James T. M. (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Metametaphysics. Abingdon: Routledge, 284–99.Google Scholar
Maudlin, Tim (2007) The Metaphysics Within Physics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGinn, Marie (2000) ‘Real Things and the Mind Body Problem’, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society (New Series) 100 (3): 303–17.Google Scholar
McKenzie, Kerry (2021) ‘Science-Guided Metaphysics’, in Bliss, Ricki & Miller, James T. M. (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Metametaphysics. Abingdon: Routledge, 435–46.Google Scholar
Melnyk, Andrew (2008) ‘Can Physicalism Be Non-Reductive?’, Philosophy Compass 3 (6): 1281–96. http://doi:10.1111/j.1747-9991.2008.00184.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metzinger, Thomas (2003) Being No One: The Self-Model Theory of Subjectivity. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, William (in press) ‘Are Organisms Substances or Processes?’, Australasian Journal of Philosophy. http://doi:10.1080/00048402.2021.1931378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morganti, Matteo (2009) ‘Ontological Priority, Fundamentality and Monism’, Dialectica 63 (3): 271–88. http://doi:10.1111/j.1746-8361.2009.01197.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morganti, Matteo (2018) ‘The Structure of Physical Reality: Beyond Foundationalism’, in Bliss, Ricki & Priest, Graham (eds.), Reality and Its Structure: Essays in Fundamentality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 254–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morganti, Matteo (2020) ‘Fundamentality in Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Physics. Part II: The Philosophy of Physics’, Philosophy Compass 15 (10): 114. http://doi10.1111/phc3.12703.Google Scholar
Morganti, Matteo & Tahko, Tuomas E. (2017) ‘Moderately Naturalistic Metaphysics’, Synthese 194 (7): 2557–80. http://doi10.1007/s11229-016-1068-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mulligan, Kevin, Simons, Peter & Smith, Barry (1984) ‘Truth-Makers’, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 44 (3): 287321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nolan, Daniel (2011) ‘Categories and Ontological Dependence’, Monist 94 (2): 277301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Novotný, Daniel D. & Novák, Lukáš (eds.) (2014) Neo-Aristotelian Perspectives in Metaphysics. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Connor, Timothy & Jacobs, Jonathan D. (2003) ‘Emergent Individuals’, Philosophical Quarterly 53 (213): 540–55.Google Scholar
Oderberg, David S. (2007) Real Essentialism. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Leary-Hawthorne, John & Cover, Jan A. (1998) ‘A World of Universals’, Philosophical Studies 91 (3): 205–19.Google Scholar
Oliver, Alex (1996) ‘The Metaphysics of Properties’, Mind 105 (417): 180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olson, Eric T. (2007) What Are We? A Study in Personal Ontology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pasnau, Robert (2011) Metaphysical Themes 1274–1671. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raven, Michael J. (2016) ‘Fundamentality without Foundations’, Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 93 (3): 607–26. http://doi:10.1111/phpr.12200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raven, Michael J. (2017) ‘New Work for a Theory of Ground’, Inquiry 60 (6): 625–55. http://doi:10.1080/0020174X.2016.1251333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raven, Michael J., ed. (2020) The Routledge Handbook of Metaphysical Grounding. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rea, Michael (2011) ‘Hylomorphism Reconditioned’, Philosophical Perspectives 25: 341–58. http://doi:10.1111/j.1520-8583.2011.00219.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, Kevin (2020) ‘Varieties’, in Raven, Michael J. (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Metaphysical Grounding. New York: Routledge, 194208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robb, David (2009) ‘Substance’, in Robin, Le Poidevin, Simons, Peter, McGonigal, Andrew & Cameron, Ross P. (eds.), The Routledge Companion to Metaphysics. Abingdon: Routledge, pp. 256–64.Google Scholar
Robinson, Howard (2016) From the Knowledge Argument to Mental Substance: Resurrecting the Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, Howard (2021) ‘Substance’, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/substance/.Google Scholar
Robinson, Tad (n.d.) ‘17th Century Theories of Substance’, in James Fieser & Bradley Dowden (eds.), Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://iep.utm.edu/substanc/.Google Scholar
Russell, Bertrand (1945) History of Western Philosophy. London: George Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Rydéhn, Henrik (2021) ‘Grounding and Ontological Dependence’, Synthese 198 (6): 1231–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-018-1818-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaffer, Jonathan (2003) ‘Is There a Fundamental Level?’, Noûs 37 (3): 498517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaffer, Jonathan (2004) ‘Two Conceptions of Sparse Properties’, Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 85 (1): 92102. http://doi:10.1111/j.1468-0114.2004.00189.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaffer, Jonathan (2009a) ‘On What Grounds What’, in Chalmers, David, Manley, David & Wasserman, Ryan (eds.), Metametaphysics: New Essays on the Foundations of Ontology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 347–83.Google Scholar
Schaffer, Jonathan (2009b) ‘Spacetime the One Substance’, Philosophical Studies 145 (1): 131–48. http://doi:10.1007/s11098-009-9386-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaffer, Jonathan (2010a) ‘Monism: The Priority of the Whole’, Philosophical Review 119 (1): 3176. http://doi:10.1215/00318108-2009-025.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaffer, Jonathan (2010b) ‘The Internal Relatedness of All Things’, Mind 119 (474): 341–76. http://doi:10.1093/mind/fzq033.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaffer, Jonathan (2013) ‘The Action of the Whole’, Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 87 (1): 6787. http://doi:10.1111/j.1467-8349.2013.00220.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaffer, Jonathan (2018) ‘Monism’, in Edward N. Zalta (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2018/entries/monism.Google Scholar
Schneider, Susan (2012) ‘Why Property Dualists Must Reject Substance Physicalism’, Philosophical Studies 157 (1): 6176. http://doi:10.1007/s11098-010-9618-9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schnieder, Benjamin (2005) ‘How Not to Define Substance: A Comment Upon Hoffman and Rosenkrantz’, Ratio 18 (1): 107–17. http://doi:10.1111/j.1467-9329.2005.00275.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schnieder, Benjamin (2006) ‘A Certain Kind of Trinity: Dependence, Substance, Explanation’, Philosophical Studies 129 (2): 393419. http://doi:10.1007/si1098-005-4636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schnieder, Benjamin (2020) ‘Grounding and Dependence’, Synthese 197 (1): 95124. http://doi:10.1007/s11229-017-1378-z.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seibt, Johanna (2009) ‘Forms of Emergent Interaction in General Process Theory’, Synthese 166 (3): 479512. http://doi:10.1007/S11229-008-9373-Z.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shoemaker, Sydney (1997) ‘Self and Substance’, Philosophical Perspectives 11: 283304. http://doi:10.1111/0029-4624.31.s11.13.Google Scholar
Sider, Ted (2006) ‘Bare Particulars’, Philosophical Perspectives 20: 287–97. http://doi:10.1111/j.1520-8583.2006.00112.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simons, Peter (1998) ‘Farewell to Substance: A Differentiated Leave-Taking’, Ratio 11 (3): 235–52. http://doi:10.1111/1467-9329.00069.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Snowdon, Paul F. (2014) Persons, Animals, Ourselves. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spackman, John (2013) ‘Consciousness and the Prospects for Substance Dualism’, Philosophy Compass 8 (11): 1054–65. http://doi:10.1111/phc3.12009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steward, Helen (2012) ‘Actions as Processes’, Philosophical Perspectives 26: 373–88. https://doi.org/10.1111/phpe.12008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steward, Helen (2020) ‘Substances, Agents and Processes’, Philosophy 95 (1): 4161. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0031819119000494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Studtmann, Paul (2021) ‘Aristotle’s Categories’, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2021/entries/aristotle-categories/.Google Scholar
Swinburne, Richard (2013) Mind, Brain, and Free Will. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tahko, Tuomas E., ed. (2012) Contemporary Aristotelian Metaphysics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tahko, Tuomas E. & Lowe, E. J. (2020) ‘Ontological Dependence’, in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2020/entries/dependence-ontological.Google Scholar
Tallant, Jonathan (2015) ‘Ontological Dependence in a Space-time World’, Philosophical Studies 172 (11): 3101–18. http://doi:10.1007/s11098-015-0459-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, Naomi (2018a) ‘Irrealism about Grounding’, Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 82: 2344. http://doi:10.1017/S1358246118000206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, Naomi (2018b) ‘Metaphysical Interdependence, Epistemic Coherentism, and Holistic Explanation’, in Bliss, Ricki & Priest, Graham (eds.), Reality and Its Structure: Essays in Fundamentality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 107–25.Google Scholar
Thompson, Naomi (2020) ‘Strict Partial Order’, in Raven, Michael J. (ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Metaphysical Grounding. New York: Routledge, 259–70.Google Scholar
Toner, Patrick (2008) ‘Emergent Substance’, Philosophical Studies 141 (3): 281–97. http://doi:10.1007/s11098-007-9160-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Toner, Patrick (2011) ‘Independence Accounts of Substance and Substantial Parts’, Philosophical Studies 155 (1): 3743. http://doi:10.1007/sl1098-010-9521-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trogdon, Kelly (2018) ‘Grounding-Mechanical Explanation’, Philosophical Studies 175 (6): 1289–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-017-0911-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
James, Van Cleve (1985) ‘Three Versions of the Bundle Theory’, Philosophical Studies 47 (1): 95107.Google Scholar
James, Van Cleve (1990) ‘Mind-Dust or Magic? Panpsychism versus Emergence’, Philosophical Perspectives 4: 215–26.Google Scholar
Peter, Van Inwagen (1990) Material Beings. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Peter, Van Inwagen (1993) Metaphysics. Boulder: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Wang, Jennifer (2016) ‘Fundamentality and Modal Freedom’, Philosophical Perspectives 30: 397418. http://doi:10.1111/phpe.12082.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, Jennifer (2019) ‘The Essences of Fundamental Properties’, Metaphysics 2 (1): 4054. http://doi:10.5334/met.29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weir, Ralph Stefan (2021) ‘Bring Back Substances!’, Review of Metaphysics 75 (2): 265308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westerhoff, Jan (2005) Ontological Categories: Their Nature and Significance. Oxford: Oxford University Press. http://doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199285044.001.0001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiggins, David (1980) Sameness and Substance. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Wiggins, David (2016) Continuants: Their Activity, Their Being and Their Identity (Twelve Essays). Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williamson, Timothy (1994) Vagueness. Abingdon: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wilson, Jessica M. (2014) ‘No Work for a Theory of Grounding’, Inquiry 57 (5–6): 535–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woolhouse, Roger (1993) Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz: The Concept of Substance in Seventeenth-Century Metaphysics. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wüthrich, Christian (2019) ‘The Emergence of Space and Time’, in Gibb, Sophie, Hendry, Robin & Lancaster, Tom (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Emergence. Abingdon: Routledge, 315–26.Google Scholar
Yang, Eric (2015) ‘The Compatibility of Property Dualism and Substance Materialism’, Philosophical Studies 172 (12): 3211–19. http://doi:10.1007/s11098-015-0465-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Substance
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Substance
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Substance
Available formats
×