Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T15:37:08.019Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
Series:   Elements in Feminism and Contemporary Critical Theory

Nonbinary

A Feminist Autotheory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2023

Stephanie D. Clare
Stephanie D. Clare
Affiliation:
University of Washington

Summary

This autotheoretical Element, written in the tense space between feminist and trans theory, argues that movement between 'woman' and 'nonbinary' is possible, affectively and politically. In fact, a nonbinary structure of feeling has been central in the history of feminist thought, such as in Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex (1949). This structure of feeling is not antifeminist but indexical of a desire for a form of embodiment and relationality beyond binary sex and gender. Finally, the Element provides a partial defense of nonbinary gender identity by tracing the development of the term in online spaces of the early 2000s. While it might be tempting to read its development as symptomatic of the forms of selfhood reproduced in (neo)liberal, racialized platform capitalism, this reading is too simplistic because it misses how the term emerged within communities of care.
Get access

Keywords

nonbinary gendergender-critical feminismtransgendertrans social mediaSimone de Beauvoir
Type
Element
Information
Series: Elements in Feminism and Contemporary Critical Theory
Online ISBN: 9781009278645
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 01 June 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alcoff, L. M. (2000). “Merleau-Ponty and Feminist Theory on Experience.” In Chiasms: Merleau-Ponty’s Notion of Flesh, edited by Evans, F. and Lawlor, L.. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Alcoff, L. M. (2015). The Future of Whiteness. New York: Polity Press. pp. 251–272.Google Scholar
Allen, S., et al. (2019). “Doing Better in Arguments about Sex, Gender, and Trans Rights.” Medium. May 23, 2019.Google Scholar
Ambroise-Rendu, A. (2011). “Fraternity.” Trans. by A. Goldhammer. In The French Republic: History, Values, Debates, edited by Bereson, E., Duclear, V., and Prochas, C.. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. pp. 112–118Google Scholar
Amin, K. (2016). “Haunted by the 1990s: Queer Theory’s Affective Histories.” Women’s Studies Quarterly 44.3–4:173–189.Google Scholar
Amin, K. (2022). “We Are All Nonbinary: A Brief History of Accidents.” Representations 158: 106–119.Google Scholar
Anderson, D. (2022). In Transit: Being Nonbinary in a World of Dichotomies. New York: Broadleaf Books.Google Scholar
Antonopoulos, A. A. (2017). “Who Is the Subject of The Second Sex? Life, Science and Transmasculine Embodiment in Beauvoir’s Chapter on Biology.” In A Companion to Simone de Beauvoir, edited by Hengehold, L. and Bauer, N.. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 463–477.Google Scholar
Associated Press. (2017). The Associated Press Stylebook. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Awkward-Rich, C. (2017). “Trans, Feminism: Or, Reading like a Depressed Transsexual.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 42.4: 819–841.Google Scholar
Bailey, M. (2021). Misogynoir Transformed: Black Women’s Digital Resistance. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Barke, M. J., and Iantaffi, A.. (2019). Life Isn’t Binary. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.Google Scholar
Barker, J., ed. (2017). Critically Sovereign. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Beauvoir, S. de (1949). Le deuxième sexes. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
Beauvoir, S. de (1958). Mémoires d’une jeune fille rangée. Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
Beauvoir, S. de (1974). Memoirs of a Dutiful Daughter. Trans. James Kirkup. New York: Harper Colophon Books.Google Scholar
Beauvoir, S. de (2011). The Second Sex. Trans. C. Borde and S. Malovany-Chevallier. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Bechdel, A. (2006). Fun Home: A Family Tragicomic. Boston: Mariner Books.Google Scholar
Beischel, W., Gauvin, S., and van Anders, S.. (2021). “‘A Little Shiny Gender Breakthrough’: Community Understandings of Gender Euphoria.” International Journal of Transgender Health 23.3: 1–21.Google Scholar
Benavente, G., and Gill-Peterson, J.. (2019). “The Promise of Trans Critique: Susan Stryker’s Queer Theory.” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 25.1: 23–38.Google Scholar
Bergoffen, D. (2003). “Failed Friendships, Forgotten Genealogies.” Bulletin de la Société Américaine de Philosophie de Langue Française 13.1: 16–31.Google Scholar
Bettcher, T. M. (2009). “Trans Identities and First-Person Authority.” In You’ve Changed: Sex Reassignment and Personal Identity, edited by Shrage, L.. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 98–120.Google Scholar
Binnie, I. (2013). Nevada. New York: Topside Press.Google Scholar
Bond Stockton, K. (2009). The Queer Child, or Growing Sideways in the Twentieth Century. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Bornstein, K. (1994). Gender Outlaw. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
boyd, d. (2011). “Social Network Sites as Networked Publics: Affordances, Dynamics, and Implications.” In A Networked Self, edited by Papacharissi, Z.. New York: Routledge. pp. 39–58.Google Scholar
Brewer, M. (2007). “Peter Pan and the White Imperial Imaginary.” New Theater Quarterly 23.4: 387–392.Google Scholar
Brown, S. (2015). Dark Matters: On the Surveillance of Blackness. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Brown, W. (2015). Undoing the Demos: Neoliberalism’s Stealth Revolution. Princeton, NJ: Zone Books.Google Scholar
Butler, J. (1990). Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Burke, M. (2019). “Beauvoirian Androgyny: Reflections on the Androgynous World of Fraternité in The Second Sex.” Feminist Theory 20.1: 3–18.Google Scholar
Burke, M. (2020). “On Bad Faith and Authenticity: Rethinking Genderless Subjectivity.” Simone de Beauvoir Studies 31: 86–104.Google Scholar
Byron, P. (2021). Digital Media, Friendship and Cultures of Care. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Califia, P. (1997). Sex Changes: The Politics of Transgenderism. San Francisco: Cleis.Google Scholar
cárdenas, m. (2016). “Trans of Color Poetics: Stitching Bodies, Concepts, and Algorithms.” S&F Online 13.3:14.1.Google Scholar
cárdenas, m. (2017). “Dark Shimmers: The Rhythm of Necropolitical Affect in Digital Media.” In Trap Door: Trans Cultural Production and the Politics of Visibility, edited by Gossett, R., Stanley, E. A., and Burton, J.. Cambridge: MIT Press. pp.161–183.Google Scholar
Cavalcante, A. (2016). “‘I Did It All Online’: Transgender Identity and the Management of Everyday Life.” Critical Studies in Media Communications 33.1: 109–122.Google Scholar
Cheah, P., Grosz, E., Butler, J., and Cornell, D., (1998). “The Future of Sexual Difference: An Interview with Judith Butler and Drucilla Cornell.” Diacritics 28.1: 19–42.Google Scholar
Chen, J. N. (2019). Trans Exploits: Trans of Color Critique and Technologies in Movement. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Chen, M. (2017). “Everywhere Archives: Transgender, Trans Asians, and the Internet.” In Trap Door: Trans Cultural Production and the Politics of Visibility, edited by Gossett, R., Stanley, E. A., and Burton, J.. Cambridge: MIT Press. pp. 147–160.Google Scholar
Cho, A. (2017). “Default Publicness: Queer Youth of Color, Social Media, and Being Outed by the Machine.” New Media & Society 20.9: 3183–3200.Google Scholar
Chu, A. L. (2019). Females. New York: Verso.Google Scholar
Chu, A. L., and Drager, E. H.. (2019). “After Trans Studies.” TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 6.1: 103–116.Google Scholar
Clare, S. (2017). “‘Finally, She’s Accepted Herself!’: Coming Out in Neoliberal Times.” Social Text 35.2: 17–38.Google Scholar
Dame-Griff, A. (2019). “Herding the ‘Performing Elephants’: Using Computational Methods to Study Usenet.” Internet Histories 3.3–4: 223–244.Google Scholar
Dame-Griff, A. (2020). “Trans Cultures Online.” The International Encyclopedia of Gender. Wiley Online Library.Google Scholar
Decena, C. U. (2008). “Tacit Subjects.” GLQ: Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 14.2–3: 339–359.Google Scholar
De Ridder, S., and Van Bauwel, S.. (2015). “The Discursive Construction of Gay Teenagers in Times of Mediatization: Youth’s Reflections on Intimate Storytelling, Queer Shame and Realness in Popular Social Media Places.” Journal of Youth Studies 18.6: 777–793.Google Scholar
Dobson, A. S., Robards, B., and Carah, N.. (2018). “Digital Intimate Publics and Social Media: Toward Theorising Public Lives on Private Platforms.” In Digital Intimate Publics and Social Media, edited by Dobson, A. S., Robards, B., and Carah, N.. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 3–27.Google Scholar
Duclos, V., and Criado, T. S.. (2019). “Care in Trouble: Ecologies of Support from Below and Beyond.” Medical Anthropology Quarterly 34.2: 153–173.Google Scholar
Dyer, R. (1997). White: Essays on Race and Culture. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Elliott, J. (2006). “The Currency of Feminist Theory.” PMLA 121.5: 1697–1703.Google Scholar
Fanon, F. ([1952] 2008). Black Skin, White Masks. Trans. C. Lam Markmann. London: Pluto Press.Google Scholar
Feinberg, L. (1996). Transgender Warriors. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Feinberg, L. (1998). Trans Liberation: Beyond Pink or Blue. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Ferguson, R. (2003). Aberrations in Black: Toward a Queer of Color Critique. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. (1988). The History of Sexuality, Volume 3: The Care of the Self. Trans. by R. Hurley. Vintage: New York.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. (1990). The History of Sexuality, Volume 1: The Will to Knowledge. Trans. by R. Hurley. Harmondsworth: Penguin.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Trans. by A Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. (2008). The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège De France, 1978–79. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Gatens, M. (2003). “Beauvoir and Biology: A Second Look.” In The Cambridge Companion to Simone de Beauvoir, edited by Card, C.. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 266–287.Google Scholar
Gearhardt, N. (2019). “Rethinking Trans History and Gay History in Early Twentieth-Century New York.” QED: A Journal in GLBTQ Worldmaking 6.1: 26–47.Google Scholar
Gill-Peterson, J. (2018a). Histories of the Transgender Child. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Gill-Peterson, J. (2018b). “Trans of Color Critique Before Transsexuality.” TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 5.4 (November): 606–620.Google Scholar
Gilman, S. (1985). “Black Bodies, White Bodies: Toward an Iconography of Female Sexuality in Late Nineteenth-Century Art, Medicine, and Literature.” Critical Inquiry 12.1: 204–242.Google Scholar
Ginelle, L. (2014). “TERF War: The New Yorker’s One-Sided Article Undermines Transgender Identity.” Bitch Media. August 1, 2014.Google Scholar
Goldberg, M. (2014). “What Is a Woman: The Dispute Between Radical Feminism and Transgenderism.” New York Times. July 28, 2014.Google Scholar
Gossett, R., Stanley, E. A., and Burton, J.. (2017). “Known Unknowns: An Introduction to Trap Door.” In Trap Door: Trans Cultural Production and the Politics of Visibility, edited by Gossett, R., Stanley, E. A., and Burton, J.. Cambridge: MIT Press. pp. xv–xxvi.Google Scholar
Grosz, E. (1994). Volatile Bodies: Toward a Corporeal Feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Grosz, E. (2011). Becoming Undone: Darwinian Reflections on Life, Politics, and Art. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Guy-Sheftall, B. (1990). Daughters of Sorrow: Attitudes Toward Black Women, 1880–1920. Brooklyn, NY: Carlson.Google Scholar
Halberstam, J. (1994). “F2 M: The Making of Female Masculinity.” In The Lesbian Postmodern, edited by Doan, L.. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 210–228.Google Scholar
Halberstam, J. (1998). “Transgender Butch: Butch/FTM Border Wars and the Masculine Continuum.” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 4.2: 287–310.Google Scholar
Halberstam, J. (2020). “Nice Trannies.” TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly 7.3: 321–331.Google Scholar
Hale, J. (1998). “Consuming the Living, Dis(re)membering the Dead in the Butch/FTM Borderlands.” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 4.2: 311–348Google Scholar
Hale, J. (2009). “Suggested Rules for Non-transsexuals Writing about Transsexuals, Transsexuality, or Trans ____.” Last updated November 18, 2009. http://sandystone.com/hale.rules.html.Google Scholar
Hammonds, E. (1997). “Toward a Genealogy of Black Female Sexuality: The Problematic of Silence.” In Feminist Genealogies, Colonial Legacies, Democratic Futures, edited by Alexander, J. and Mohanty, C. T.. New York: Routledge. pp. 170–182.Google Scholar
Hanhardt, C. B. (2013). Safe Space: Gay Neighborhood History and the Politics of Violence. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Haraway, D. (1991). Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Haritaworn, J., and Riley Snorton, C.. (2013). “Trans Necropolitics: A Transnational Reflection on Violence, Death, and Trans of Color Afterlife.” In The Transgender Studies Reader, edited by Stryker, S. and Aizura, A.. New York: Routledge. pp. 65–76.Google Scholar
Harris, C. (1993). “Whiteness as Property.” Harvard Law Review 106.8: 1710–1791.Google Scholar
Hausman, B. (1995). Changing Sex: Transsexualism, Technology, and the Idea of Gender. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Heaney, E. (2017). The New Woman: Literary Modernism, Queer Theory, and the Trans Feminine Allegory. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.Google Scholar
Heïnemaa, S. (2003). “The Body as Instrument and Expression.” In The Cambridge Companion to Simone de Beauvoir, edited by Card, C.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 66–86.Google Scholar
Hekman, S. (1990). Gender and Knowledge: Elements of a Postmodern Feminism. New York: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Hines, S. (2019). “The Feminist Frontier: On Trans and Feminism.” Journal of Gender Studies 28.2: 145–157.Google Scholar
Hobart, H. J. K., and Kneese, T.. (2020). “Radical Care: Survival Strategies for Uncertain Times.” Social Text 38.1: 1–16.Google Scholar
Hong, G. K. (2015). Death Beyond Disavowal: The Impossible Politics of Difference. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Illouz, E. (2007). Cold Intimacies: The Making of Emotional Capitalism. Oxford: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Irigaray, L. (1980). “When Our Lips Speak Together.” Trans. C. Burke. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 6.1: 69–79.Google Scholar
Irigaray, L. (1992). Je, tu, nous: Pour une culture de la difference. Paris: Le livre de poche.Google Scholar
Irigaray, L. (1993a). An Ethics of Sexual Difference. Trans. by C. Burke and G. Gill. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Irigaray, L. (1993b). Sexes and Genealogies. Trans. G. Gill. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Jeffreys, S. (2014). Gender Hurts: A Feminist Analysis of the Politics of Transgenderism London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Jones, C., and Slater, J.. (2020). “The Toilet Debate: Stalling Trans Possibilities and Defending Women’s Protected Spaces.” Sociological Review Monographs 68.4: 834–851.Google Scholar
Katz, J. (1976). Gay American History: Lesbian and Gay Men in the USA. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Koyoma, E. (2003). “The Transfeminist Manifesto.” In Catching a Wave: Reclaiming Feminism for the Twenty-First Century, edited by Dicker, R. and Piepmeier, A.. Boston: Northeastern University Press. pp. 244–262.Google Scholar
Kristeva, J. (1995). Maladies of the Soul. Trans. by R. Guberman. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Lawford-Smith, H. (2022). Gender-Critical Feminism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Léon, C. T. (1988). “Simone de Beauvoir’s Woman: Eunuch or Male?” Ultimate Reality of Meaning 11: 196–211.Google Scholar
Lloyd, G. (1984). The Man of Reason: “Male” and “Female” in Western Philosophy. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Lugones, M. (2007). “Heterosexualism and the Colonial/Modern Gender System.” Hypatia 22.1: 186–209.Google Scholar
MacKinnon, C. (1989). Toward a Feminist Theory of the State. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Macpherson, C. B. (1962). The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Malatino, H. (2020). Trans Care. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Marcus, S., and Best, S.. (2009). “Surface Reading: An Introduction.” Representations 108.1: 1–21.Google Scholar
Marhoefer, L. (2022). Racism and the Making of Gay Rights: A Sexologist, His Student, and the Empire of Queer Love. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Marvin, A. (2019). “Groundwork for Transfeminist Care Ethics: Sara Ruddick, Trans Children, and Solidarity in Dependency.” Hypatia 34.1: 101–120.Google Scholar
McCune, J. (2014). Sexual Discretion: Black Masculinity and the Politics of Passing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
McMullin, D. (2011). “Fa’afafine Notes: On Tagaloa, Jesus, and Nafanua.” In Queer Indigenous Studies, edited by Driskill, Q., Finley, C., Gilley, B. J., and Morgensen, S. L.. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. pp. 81–96.Google Scholar
Melamed, J. (2011). Represent and Destroy: Rationalizing Violence in the New Racial Capitalism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Moi, T. (2008). What Is a Woman? And Other Essays. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Moi, T. (1986). “Existentialism and Feminism: The Rhetoric of Biology in The Second Sex.” Oxford Literary Review 8.1: 88–95.Google Scholar
Muñoz, J. E. (2009). Cruising Utopia: The Then and There of Queer Futurity. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Muñoz, J. E. (2020). The Sense of Brown, edited by Chambers-Letson, J. and Nyong’o, T.. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Murphy, M. (2015). “Unsettling Care: Troubling Transnational Itineraries of Care in Feminist Health Practices.” Social Studies of Science 45.5: 717–737.Google Scholar
Namaste, V. (2000). “‘Tragic Misreadings’: Queer Theory’s Erasure of Transgender Subjectivity.” In Invisible Lives: The Erasure of Transsexual and Transgendered People, Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 9–23.Google Scholar
Namaste, V. (2005). Sex Change, Social Change: Reflections on Identity, Institutions, and Imperialism. Toronto: Women’s Press.Google Scholar
Namaste, V. (2009). “Undoing Theory: The ‘Transgender Question’ and the Epistemic Violence of Anglo-American Feminist Theory.” Hypatia 24.3: 11–32.Google Scholar
Nance, T. (2018). “Two Piece and a Biscuit.” Random Acts of Flyness, Season 1, Episode 2. HBO.Google Scholar
Noble, B. (2006). Sons of the Movement: FTMs Risking Incoherence on a Post-Queer Cultural Landscape. Toronto: The Women’s Press.Google Scholar
Noddings, N. (1995). “Caring.” In Justice and Care: Essential Readings in Feminist Ethics, edited by Held, V.. New York: Routledge. pp. 7–30.Google Scholar
O’Brien, M. (2013). “Tracing This Body: Transsexuality, Pharmaceuticals and Capitalism.” In The Transgender Studies Reader 2. edited by Stryker, S. and Aizura, A.. New York: Routledge. pp. 56–65.Google Scholar
Okely, J. (1986). Simone de Beauvoir. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
Piepzna-Samarasinha, L. L. (2018). Care Work: Dreaming Disability Justice. Vancouver, BC: Arsenal Pulp Press.Google Scholar
Prosser, J. (1998). Second Skins: The Body Narratives of Transsexuality. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Puar, J. (2007). Terrorist Assemblages. Durham, NC: Duke University PressGoogle Scholar
Rajunov, M., and Duane, S.. (2021). Nonbinary: Memoirs of Gender and Identity. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Rankine, C. (2020). Just Us: An American Conversation. Minneapolis: Greywolf Press.Google Scholar
Rankine, C., and Lucas, J.. (2020). Situation 11. CC:World. https://ccworld.hkw.de/situation-11/.Google Scholar
Rich, A. (1994). Blood, Bread, and Poetry. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Rifkin, M. (2010). When Did Indians Become Straight?: Kinship, the History of Sexuality, and Native Sovereignty. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Riggs, M. (1989). Tongues Untied. San Francisco, CA: California Newsreel.Google Scholar
Robcis, C. (2013). The Law of Kinship: Anthropology, Psychoanalysis, and the Family in France. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Rubin, G. (1975). “The Traffic in Women: Notes on the ‘Political Economy’ of Sex.” In Toward an Anthropology of Women, edited by Reiter, R. R.. New York: Monthly Review Press. pp. 157–210.Google Scholar
Rubin, H. (1998). “Phenomenology as Method in Trans Studies.” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 4.2: 263–281.Google Scholar
Rustin, S. (2020). “Feminist Like Me Aren’t Anti-Trans—We Just Can’t Discard the Idea of ‘Sex.’” Guardian, September 30, 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/30/feminists-anti-trans-idea-sex-gender-oppressionGoogle Scholar
Salamon, G. (2010). Assuming a Body: Transgender and Rhetorics of Materiality. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Schuller, K. (2018). The Biopolitics of Feeling: Race, Sex, and Science in the Nineteenth Century. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Scott, J. W. (2005). Parité! Sexuality Equality and the Crisis of French Universalism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Sedgwick, E. K. (1990). Epistemology of the Closet. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Sedgwick, E. K. (2003). Touching Feeling: Affect, Pedagogy, Performativity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Serano, J. (2007). Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity. Emeryville, CA: Seal Press.Google Scholar
Sharrow, E., and Sederbaum, I.. (2022). “Texas Isn’t the Only State Denying Essential Medical Care to Trans Youths.” Washington Post, March 10, 2022. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/03/10/texas-trans-kids-abortion-lgbtq-gender-ideology/Google Scholar
Shrier, A. (2020). Irreversible Damage: The Transgender Craze Seducing Our Daughters. Washington, DC: Regnery.Google Scholar
shuster, s. (2021). Trans Medicine: The Emergence and Practice of Treating Gender. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Snorton, C. R. (2014). Nobody Is Supposed to Know: Black Sexuality on the Down Low. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Snorton, C. R. (2017). Black on Both Sides: A Racial History of Trans Identity. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Spade, D. (2006). “Mutilating Gender.” The Transgender Studies Reader, edited by Stryker, S. and Whittle, S.. New York: Routledge. pp. 315–332.Google Scholar
Srnicek, N. (2016). Platform Capitalism. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Stock, K. (2018). “Arguing about Feminism and Transgenderism: An Opinionated Guide for the Perplexed.” Medium. May 18, 2018.Google Scholar
Stone, S. (1992). “The Empire Strikes Back: A Posttranssexual Manifesto.” Camera Obscura 10.2: 150–176.Google Scholar
Stryker, S. (1994). “My Words to Victor Frankenstein Above the Village of Chamounix.” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 1: 237–254.Google Scholar
Stryker, S. (2004). “Transgender Studies: Queer Theory’s Evil Twin.” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 10.2: 212–215.Google Scholar
Stryker, S. (2017). Transgender History. Berkeley: Seal Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, C. (2005). “Alternatives to Confession: Foucault’s ‘Fragments of an Autobiography.’” Symposium 9.1: 55–66.Google Scholar
Tronto, J. (1995). “Care as a Basis for Radical Political Judgments.” Hypatia 10.2: 141–149.Google Scholar
Truitt, J. (2014). “Why The New Yorker’s Radical Feminism and Transgenderism Piece Was One-Sided.” Columbia Journalism Review. August 6, 2014. https://archives.cjr.org/minority_reports/new_yorker_feminism_transgenderism_jos_truitt.phpGoogle Scholar
University of Chicago Press. (2017). The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Vaid-Menon, A. (2020). Beyond the Gender Binary. New York: Penguin Random House.Google Scholar
Van Dijck, J. (2013). The Culture of Connectivity: A Critical History of Social Media. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ward, J. (2020). The Tragedy of Heterosexuality. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Wendell, S. (2013). “Unhealthy Disabled: Treating Chronic Illnesses as Disabilities.” In The Disability Studies Reader, 4th ed., edited by Davis, L. J.. New York: Routledge. pp. 161–176.Google Scholar
Wiegman, R., and Wilson, E.. (2015), “Introduction: Antinormativity’s Queer Conventions.” Differences 26.1: 1–25.Google Scholar
Wilchins, R. (2017). “Get to Know the New Pronouns: They, Theirs, and Them.” Advocate. March 13, 2017. https://www.advocate.com/commentary/2017/3/13/get-know-new-pronouns-they-theirs-and-themGoogle Scholar
Williams, R. (1977). Marxism and Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Winnubst, S. (2015). Way Too Cool: Selling Out Race and Ethics. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Woodward, K. (1988). “Simone de Beauvoir: Aging and Its Discontents.” In The Private Self: Theory and Practice of Women’s Autobiographical Writing, edited by Benstock, S.. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 90–113.Google Scholar
Woodward, K. (2018). “Rereading Simone de Beauvoir’s The Coming of Age.” Age/Culture/Humanities: An Interdisciplinary Journal 3: 191–206.Google Scholar
Wynter, S. (2003). “Unsettling the Coloniality of Being/Power/Truth/Freedom: Towards the Human, After Man, Its Overrepresentation—An Argument.” CR: The New Centennial Review 3.3: 257–337.Google Scholar
Young, E. (2019). They/Them/Their: A Guide to Nonbinary and Genderqueer Identities. London: Jessica Kingsley.Google Scholar
Zimman, L., and Hayworth, W.. (2020). “How We Got Here: Short-Scale Change in Identity Labels for Trans, Cis, and Nonbinary People in the 2000s.” Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 5.1: 499–513.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Nonbinary
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Nonbinary
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Nonbinary
Available formats
×