Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T06:05:08.282Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Making Cities Socialist

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 March 2024

Katherine Zubovich
Affiliation:
University at Buffalo, State University of New York

Summary

This Element explores the history of urban planning, city building, and city life in the socialist world. It follows the global trajectories of architects, planners, and ideas about socialist urbanism developed during the twentieth century, while also highlighting features of everyday life in socialist cities. The Element opens with a section on the socialist city as it took shape first in the Soviet Union. Subsequent sections take a comparative and transnational approach to the history of socialist urbanism, tracing socialist city development in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781108850520
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 04 April 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, Richard. 2015. Russia: Modern Architectures in History. London: Reaktion.Google Scholar
Andrusz, Gregory, Harloe, Michael and Szelenyi, Ivan. 1996. Cities after Socialism: Urban and Regional Change and Conflict in Post-Socialist Societies. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barenberg, Alan. 2014. Gulag Town, Company Town: Forced Labor and Its Legacy in Vorkuta. New Haven: Yale University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bater, James H. 1980. The Soviet City. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Betts, Paul, and Mark, James. 2022. Socialism Goes Global: The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the Age of Decolonisation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Beyer, Elke. 2012. Competitive Coexistence: Soviet Town Planning and Housing Projects in Kabul in the 1960s. The Journal of Architecture 17 (3): 309332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bocharnikova, Daria. 2014. Inventing Socialist Modern: A History of the Architectural Profession in the USSR, 1954–1971. PhD dissertation, European University Institute Florence.Google Scholar
Bocharnikova, Daria, and Harris, Steven E. 2018. Second World Urbanity: Infrastructures of Utopia and Really Existing Socialism. Journal of Urban History Journal of Urban History 44 (1): 38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bray, David. 2005. Social Space and Governance in Urban China: The Danwei System from Origins to Reform. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braga, Patrick de Carvalho, Calmon. 2017. Arquitectura Cuba and the Early Revolutionary Project. International Journal of Cuban Studies 9 (2): 235259.Google Scholar
Burgess, Thomas. 2002. Cinema, Bell Bottoms, and Miniskirts: Struggles over Youth and Citizenship in Revolutionary Zanzibar. The International Journal of African Historical Studies 35 (2/3): 287313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burgess, Thomas. 2021. The Rise and Fall of a Socialist Future: Ambivalent Encounters between Zanzibar and East Germany in the Cold War. In Navigating Socialist Encounters: Moorings and (Dis)Entanglements between Africa and East Germany during the Cold War, 169192. Edited by Burton, Eric, Dietrich, Anne, Harisch, Immanuel R., and Schenck, Marcia C.. Oldenbourg: De Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Callaci, Emily. 2016. “Chief Village in a Nation of Villages”: History, Race and Authority in Tanzania’s Dodoma Plan. Urban History 43 (1): 96116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Callaci, Emily 2017. Street Archives and City Life: Popular Intellectuals in Postcolonial Tanzania. Durham: Duke University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cascone, Sarah. June 16, 2014. New Polish Fountain Portrays a Peeing Vladimir Lenin. Artnet News. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/new-polish-fountain-portrays-a-peeing-vladimir-lenin-40816Google Scholar
Castillo, Greg. 1994. Moscow: Gorki Street and the Design of the Stalin Revolution. In Streets: Critical Perspectives on Public Space, 5770. Edited by Celik, Zeynep, Favro, Diane, and Ingersoll, Richard. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castillo, Greg 1997a. Peoples at an Exhibition: Soviet Architecture and the National Question. In Socialist Realism Without Shores, 91119. Edited by Lahusen, Thomas and Dobrenko, Evgeny. Durham and London: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Castillo, Greg 1997b. Soviet Orientalism: Socialist Realism and Built Tradition. Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review 8 (2): 3347.Google Scholar
Castillo, Greg 2010. Cold War on the Home Front: The Soft Power of Midcentury Design. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Cederlöf, Gustav. 2020. The Revolutionary City: Socialist Urbanisation and Nuclear Modernity in Cienfuegos, Cuba. Journal of Latin American Studies 52 (1): 5376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, Kam Wing, and Buckingham, Will. 2008. Is China Abolishing the Hukou System? The China Quarterly (195): 582606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, Katerina. 2000/1981. The Soviet Novel: History as Ritual. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, Jean-Louis. 2011. Architecture in Uniform: Designing and Building for the Second World War. New Haven: Yale University Press and the Canadian Centre for Architecture.Google Scholar
Collier, Stephen. 2011. Post-Soviet Social: Neoliberalism, Social Modernity, Biopolitics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Conterio, Johanna. 2022. Controlling Land, Controlling People: Urban Greening and the Territorial Turn in Theories of Urban Planning in the Soviet Union, 1931–1932. Journal of Urban History 48 (3): 479503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooke, Catherine. 1978. Russian Responses to the Garden City Idea. Architectural Review 163: 353363.Google Scholar
Crawford, Christina E. 2022. Spatial Revolution: Architecture and Planning in the Early Soviet Union. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowley, David. 2003. Warsaw. London: Reaktion Books.Google Scholar
Crowley, David, and Susan, Reid. 2010. Introduction: Pleasures in Socialism? In Pleasures in Socialism: Leisure and Luxury in the Eastern Bloc, 351. Edited by Crowley and Reid. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
David, Crowley, and Reid, Susan E., eds. 2002. Socialist Spaces: Sites of Everyday Life in the Eastern Bloc. 1st ed. New York: Berg Publishers.Google Scholar
David-Fox, Michael. 2012. Showcasing the Great Experiment: Cultural Diplomacy and Western Visitors to the Soviet Union, 1921–1941. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
DeHaan, Heather. 2013. Stalinist City Planning: Professionals, Performance, and Power. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Díaz, Jorge Peña, and Harris, Phil. 2005. Urban Agriculture in Havana: Opportunities for the Future. In Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Dobczansky, Markian. 2016. From Soviet Heartland to Ukrainian Borderland: Searching for Identity in Kharkiv, 1943–2004. PhD dissertation, Stanford University.Google Scholar
Dyak, Sofia. 2023. From War into the Future: Historical Legacies and Questions for Postwar Reconstruction in Ukraine. Architectural Histories 11(1): 111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eby, Marek. 2021. Global Tashkent: Transnational Visions of a Soviet City in the Postcolonial World, 1953–1966. Ab Imperio 4: 238264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edge, K., Scarpaci, J., and Woofter, H.. 2006. Mapping and Designing Havana: Republican, Socialist and Global Spaces. JCIT Cities 23 (2): 8598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emeliantseva, Ekaterina. 2011. The Privilege of Seclusion: Consumption Strategies in the Closed City of Severodvinsk. Ab Imperio 2: 238259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erofeev, Nikolay. 2019. The I-464 Housing Delivery System: A Tool for Urban Modernisation in the Socialist World and Beyond. Fabrications 29 (2): 207230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erofeev, Nikolay, and Stanek, Łukasz. 2021. Integrate, Adapt, Collaborate: Comecon Architecture in Socialist Mongolia. ABE Journal 19. https://doi.org/10.4000/abe.12362.Google Scholar
Fair, Laura. 2013. Drive-In Socialism: Debating Modernities and Development in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. The American Historical Review 118 (4): 10771104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fauveaud, Gabriel. 2020. Reworking the Meanings of Urbanity in Post-Socialist Phnom Penh: Toward a Commodification of Urban Centrality. In Socialist and Post-Socialist Urbanisms: Critical Reflections from a Global Perspective, 129154., Edited by Lisa, B. Drummond and Young, Douglas. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Forbes, Dean K., and Thrift, Nigel. 1987. The Socialist Third World: Urban Development and Territorial Planning. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Folkers, Antoni. 2010. Modern Architecture in Africa. Amsterdam: Uitgeverij Boom.Google Scholar
French, Richard Anthony, and Ian Hamilton, F. E.. 1979. The Socialist City: Spatial Structure in Soviet and East European Cities. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Friedman, Jane. 2000. Soviet Mastery of the Skies at the Mayakovsky Metro Station. Studies in the Decorative Arts 7 (2): 4864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedman, Jeremy. 2021. Ripe for Revolution Building Socialism in the Third World. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glendinning, Miles. 2009. Cold-War Conciliation: International Architectural Congresses in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The Journal of Architecture 14 (2): 197217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grama, Emanuela. 2019. Socialist Heritage: The Politics of Past and Place in Romania. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gubkina, Ievgenia. 2016. Slavutych: Architectural Guide. Berlin: DOM Publishers.Google Scholar
Harmer, Tanya. 2019. The ‘Cuban Question’ and the Cold War in Latin America, 1959-1964. Journal of Cold War Studies 21 (3): 114151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, Steven E. 2013. Communism on Tomorrow Street: Mass Housing and Everyday Life after Stalin. Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirata, Koji. 2023. Mao’s Steeltown: Industrial City, Colonial Legacies, and Local Political Economy in Early Communist China. Journal of Urban History 49 (1): 85110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirt, Sonia. 2013. Whatever Happened to the (Post)Socialist City? Cities 32 (July): 2938.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirt, Sonia A. 2012. Iron Curtains: Gates, Suburbs and Privatization of Space in the Post-Socialist City. Somerset: Wiley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirt, Sonia, and Scarpaci, Joseph L.. 2007. Peri-Urban Development in Sofia and Havana: Prospects and Perils in the New Millennium. Annual Proceedings, The Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy 17: 288299.Google Scholar
Hou, Li. 2018. Building for Oil: Daqing and the Formation of the Chinese Socialist State. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humphrey, Caroline. 2005. Ideology in Infrastructure: Architecture and Soviet Imagination. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 11 (1): 3958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hung, Chang-Tai. 2011. Mao’s New World: Political Culture in the Early People’s Republic. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Hung, Wu. 2005. Remaking Beijing: Tiananmen Square and the Creation of a Political Space. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Iandolo, Alessandro. 2012. The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Model of Development in West Africa, 1957-64. Cold War History Cold War History 12 (4): 683704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
International Union of Architects. 1998. L’UIA, 1948-1998. Paris: Epure.Google Scholar
Ivaska, Andrew M. 2002. “Anti-Mini Militants Meet Modern Misses”: Urban Style, Gender, and the Politics of “National Culture” in 1960s Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Gender and History 14 (3): 584607.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenks, Andrew. 2000. A Metro on the Mount: The Underground as a Church of Soviet Civilization. Technology and Culture 41 (4): 697724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jovanović, J. 2021. Prefabricating Non-Alignment: The IMS Žeželj System across the Decolonized World. In History of Construction Cultures. Edited by Mascarenhas-Mateus, João, Pires, Ana Paula, Caiado, Manuel Marques, and Veiga, Ivo, 1st ed., 311318. London: CRC Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaganovich, Lazar. 1931. Socialist Reconstruction of Moscow and Other Cities in the U.S.S.R. New York: International Publishers.Google Scholar
Kalinovsky, Artemy. 2018. Laboratory of Socialist Development: Cold War Politics and Decolonization in Soviet Tajikistan. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaple, Deborah. 2015. Soviet and Chinese Comrades Look Back at the Friendship Decade. Modern China Studies 22 (1): 4569.Google Scholar
Kiernan, Ben. 2008. The Pol Pot Regime Race, Power, and Genocide in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge, 1975-79. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Kim, Mina, and Jung, Inha. 2017. The Planning of Microdistricts in Post-War North Korea: Space, Power, and Everyday Life. Planning Perspectives 32 (2): 199223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kotkin, Stephen. 1997. Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as a Civilization. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kulić, Vladimir. 2017. The Builders of Socialism: Eastern Europe’s Cities in Recent Historiography. Contemporary European History 26 (3): 545560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LaCouture, Elizabeth. 2021. Dwelling in the World: Family, House, and Home in Tianjin, China, 1860-1960. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ladd, Brian. 1997. The Ghosts of Berlin: Confronting German History in the Urban Landscape. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lebow, Katherine. 2013. Unfinished Utopia: Nowa Huta, Stalinism, and Polish Society, 1949-56. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lefebvre, Henri. 1974. The Production of Space. London: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Li, He, Kevin, Lo, and Wang, Mark. 2015. Economic Transformation of Mining Cities in Transition Economies: Lessons from Daqing, Northeast China. International Development Planning Review 37 (3): 311328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yan, Li. 2014. Building Friendship: Soviet Influence, Socialist Modernity. Quarterly Journal of Chinese Studies 2(3): 4866.Google Scholar
Lokotko, Aleksandr. 2018. Arkhitektura natsional’naia i arkhitektura fraktal’naia. Minsk: Izd. Dom “Belorusskaia nauka.”Google Scholar
Loomis, John A. 1999. Revolution of Forms: Cuba’s Forgotten Art Schools. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.Google Scholar
Mark, James, Kalinovsky, Artemy M., and Marung, Steffi. 2020. Alternative Globalizations: Eastern Europe and the Postcolonial World. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, Alexander. 2014. Enlightened Metropolis: Constructing Imperial Moscow, 1762-1855. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
McIntyre, Kevin. 1996. Geography as Destiny: Cities, Villages and Khmer Rouge Orientalism. Comparative Studies in Society and History 38 (4): 730758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meuser, Philipp, and Zadorin, Dimitrij. 2015. Towards a Typology of Soviet Mass Housing. Prefabrication in the USSR 1955 – 1991. Berlin: DOM Publishers.Google Scholar
Murawski, Michal. 2018. Actually-Existing Success: Economics, Aesthetics, and the Specificity of (Still-) Socialist Urbanism. Comparative Studies in Society and History 60 (4): 907937.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murawski, Michal 2019. The Palace Complex: A Stalinist Skyscraper, Capitalist Warsaw, and a City Transfixed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, Garth A. 1994. Making the Socialist City of Zanzibar. Geographical Review 84 (4): 451464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myers, Garth A. 2003. Verandahs of Power: Colonialism and Space in Urban Africa. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.Google Scholar
Myers, Garth A. 2011. African Cities: Alternative Visions of Urban Theory and Practice. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nordlander, David J. 1998. Origins of a Gulag Capital: Magadan and Stalinist Control in the Early 1930s. Slavic Review 57 (4): 791812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pan, Yihong. 2002. An Examination of the Goals of the Rustication Program in the People’s Republic of China. Journal of Contemporary China 11 (31): 361379.Google Scholar
de Carvalho Braga, Patrick Calmon. 2017. Arquitectura Cuba and the Early Revolutionary Project. International Journal of Cuban Studies 9 (2): 235259.Google Scholar
Portnov, Andrii. 2022. Dnipro: An Entangled History of a European City. Boston, MA: Academic Studies Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rassweiler, Anne. 1988. The Generation of Power: The History of Dneprostroi. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Reid, Susan. 2009. “Our Kitchen Is Just as Good”: Soviet Responses to the American Kitchen. Cold War Kitchen: Americanization, Technology, and European Users, 83112. Edited by Oldenziel, Ruth and Zachmann, Karin. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Report from a Conference Organized by the Government of the DPRK on the Issue of Implementing the Plan of Reconstruction for Pyongyang, June 05, 1953, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Polish Foreign Ministry Archive. Obtained for NKIDP by Jakub Poprocki and translated for NKIDP by Maya Latynski. http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/114954.Google Scholar
Rowe, Peter G., and Kuan, Seng. 2004. Architectural Encounters with Essence and Form in Modern China. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Ruder, Cynthia Ann. 2018. Building Stalinism: The Moscow Canal and the Creation of Soviet Space. London: I.B. Tauris.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harshman, Ruscitti, Deirdre. 2018. A Space Called Home: Housing and the Management of the Everyday in Russia, 1890-1935. PhD dissertation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Google Scholar
Sammartino, Annemarie. 2018. The New Socialist Man in the Plattenbau: The East German Housing Program and the Development of the Socialist Way of Life. Journal of Urban History 44 (1): 7894.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scarpaci, Joseph L. 2000. Reshaping Habana Vieja: Revitalization, Historic Preservation, and Restructuring in the Socialist City. Urban Geography 21 (8): 724744.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scarpaci, Joseph L., Segre, Roberto, and Coyula, Mario. 2002. Havana: Two Faces of the Antillean Metropolis. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Schwenkel, Christina. 2014. Spectacular Infrastructure and Its Breakdown in Socialist Vietnam. American Ethnologist 42: 520534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwenkel, Christina 2015. Reclaiming Rights to the Socialist City: Bureaucratic Artefacts and the Affective Appeal of Petitions. South East Asia Research 23 (2): 205–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwenkel, Christina 2020. Building Socialism: The Afterlife of East German Architecture in Urban Vietnam. Durham: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Schwenkel, Christina 2020. From Socialist Moderns to the New Urban Poor: Gender and the Housing Question in Vinh City, Vietnam. In Socialist and Post-Socialist Urbanisms: Critical Reflections from a Global Perspective, 2749. Edited by Lisa, B. Drummond and Young, Douglas. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Segre, Roberto. 2002. Havana, from Tacón to Forestier. Planning Latin America’s Capital Cities, 1850-1950, 193213. Edited by Almandoz, Arturo. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Shkvarikov, Viacheslav A. 1967. Gradostroitel’stvo SSSR 1917-1967. Moscow: Stroiizdat.Google Scholar
Shin, Gunsoo, and Jung, Inha. 2016. Appropriating the Socialist Way of Life: The Emergence of Mass Housing in Post-War North Korea. The Journal of Architecture 21 (2): 159180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Siddiqi, Asif. 2022. Atomized Urbanism: Secrecy and Security from the Gulag to the Soviet Closed Cities. Urban History 49: 190210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slezkine, Yuri. 2019. House of Government: A Saga of the Russian Revolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Mark B. 2010. Property of Communists: The Urban Housing Program from Stalin to Khrushchev. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press.Google Scholar
Stanek, Łukasz. 2011. Henri Lefebvre on Space: Architecture, Urban Research, and the Production of Theory. 1st ed. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanek, Łukasz. 2012. Introduction: The “Second World’s” Architecture and Planning in the “Third World.” The Journal of Architecture 17 (3): 299307. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2012.692597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanek, Łukasz. 2020. Architecture in Global Socialism: Eastern Europe, West Africa and the Middle East in the Cold War. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Stanek, Łukasz. 2022. Socialist Worldmaking: The Political Economy of Urban Comparison in the Global Cold War. Urban Studies 59 (8): 15751596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stapleton, Kristin. 2022. Modern City in Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stronski, Paul. 2010. Tashkent: Forging a Soviet City, 1930-1966. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swift, Anthony. 1998. The Soviet World of Tomorrow at the New York World’s Fair, 1939. The Russian Review 57 (3): 364379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, Karin. 2006. Let’s Twist Again: Youth and Leisure in Socialist Bulgaria. Munster: Lit Verlag.Google Scholar
Trotsky, Leon. 1923. Vodka, the Church, and the Cinema. Pravda. Moscow.Google Scholar
Turner, Fred. 2013. The Democratic Surround: Multimedia and American Liberalism from World War II to the Psychedelic Sixties. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyner, James A., Henkin, Samuel, Sirik, Savina, and Kimsroy, Sokvisal. 2014. Phnom Penh during the Cambodian Genocide: A Case of Selective Urbicide. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 46 (8): 18731891.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van der Straeten, Jonas, and Petrova, Mariya. 2022. The Soviet City as a Landscape in the Making: Planning, Building and Appropriating Samarkand, c. 1960s-80s. Central Asian Survey 41 (2): 297321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Zon, Hans, Batako, Andre, and Kreslavska, Anna. 1998. Social and Economic Change in Eastern Ukraine: The Example of Zaporizhzhya. Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Willimott, Andy. 2017. Living the Revolution: Urban Communes & Soviet Socialism, 1917-1932. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wimmelbücker, Ludger. 2012. Architecture and City Planning Projects of the German Democratic Republic in Zanzibar. The Journal of Architecture 17 (3): 407432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiping, Wu, and Gaubatz, Piper. 2020. The Chinese City. Milton: Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar
Young, Glennys. 2011. The Communist Experience in the Twentieth Century: A Global History through Sources. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Zarecor, Kimberly Elman. 2011. Manufacturing a Socialist Modernity: Housing in Czechoslovakia, 1945-1960. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zarecor, Kimberly Elman 2018. What Was So Socialist about the Socialist City? Second World Urbanity in Europe. Journal of Urban History 44 (1): 95117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zavisca, Jane R. 2012. Housing the New Russia. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Zubovich, Katherine. 2021. Moscow Monumental: Soviet Skyscrapers and Urban Life in Stalin’s Capital. Princeton: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Making Cities Socialist
  • Katherine Zubovich, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
  • Online ISBN: 9781108850520
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Making Cities Socialist
  • Katherine Zubovich, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
  • Online ISBN: 9781108850520
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Making Cities Socialist
  • Katherine Zubovich, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
  • Online ISBN: 9781108850520
Available formats
×