Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T16:54:45.231Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
Series:   Elements in Applied Social Psychology

Climate Change and Human Behavior

Impacts of a Rapidly Changing Climate on Human Aggression and Violence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2022

Andreas Miles-Novelo  and
Craig A. Anderson
Andreas Miles-Novelo
Affiliation:
Iowa State University
Craig A. Anderson
Affiliation:
Iowa State University

Summary

Much of the current rhetoric surrounding climate change focuses on the physical changes to the environment and the resulting material damage to infrastructure and resources. Although there has been some dialogue about secondary effects (namely mass migration), little effort has been given to understanding how rapid climate change is affecting people on group and individual levels. In this Element, we examine the psychological impacts of climate change, especially focused on how it will lead to increases in aggressive behaviors and violent conflict, and how it will influence other aspects of human behavior. We also look at previously established psychological effects and use them to help explain changes in human behavior resulting from rapid climate change, as well as to propose actions that can be taken to reduce climate change itself and mitigate harmful effects on humans.
Get access

Keywords

climate changepsychologyviolenceaggressionconflict
Type
Element
Information
Series: Elements in Applied Social Psychology
Online ISBN: 9781108953078
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 03 March 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, D. (1980). The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy (BCA Edition). London: Book Club Associates.Google Scholar
Agnew, J. (2011). Waterpower: Politics and the geography of water provision. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 101, 463–76.Google Scholar
Akbarzadeh, S. & Smith, B. (2005). The Representation of Islam and Muslims in the Media: The Age and Herald Sun Newspapers. Clayton, VIC: School of Political and Social Inquiry, Monash University.Google Scholar
Alsultany, E. (2012). Arabs and Muslims in the Media Race and Representation after 9/11. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, C. A. (1989). Temperature and aggression: Ubiquitous effects of heat on the occurrence of human violence. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 74–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, C. A. (2001). Heat and violence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 10, 33–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, C. A. (2012). Climate change and violence. In Christie, D. J. (ed.), The Encyclopedia of Peace Psychology (pp. 128–32). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Anderson, C. A. & Anderson, D. C. (1984). Ambient temperature and violent crime: Tests of the linear and curvilinear hypotheses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46, 91–7.Google Scholar
Anderson, C. A. & Anderson, K. B. (1996). Violent crime rate studies in philosophical context: A destructive testing approach to heat and southern culture of violence effects. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 740–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, C. A. & Anderson, K. B. (1998). Temperature and aggression: Paradox, controversy, and a (fairly) clear picture. In Geen, R. & Donnerstein, E. (eds.), Human Aggression: Theories, Research, and Implications for Social Policy (pp. 247–98). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, C. A., Anderson, K. B., & Deuser, W. E. (1996). Examining an affective aggression framework: Weapon and temperature effects on aggressive thoughts, affect, and attitudes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 366–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, C. A., Anderson, K. B., Dorr, N., DeNeve, K. M., & Flanagan, M. (2000). Temperature and aggression. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 32, 63–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, C. A., Buckley, K. E., & Carnagey, N. L. (2008). Creating your own hostile environment: A laboratory examination of trait aggression and the violence escalation cycle. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 462–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, C. A. & Bushman, B. J. (1998). Will global warming inflame our tempers? APA Monitor, 49 #2, February issue.Google Scholar
Anderson, C. A. & Bushman, B. J. (2002). Human aggression. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 27–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, C. A., Bushman, B. J., & Groom, R. W. (1997). Hot years and serious and deadly assault: Empirical tests of the heat hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 1213–23.Google Scholar
Anderson, C. A. & Carnagey, N. L. (2004). Violent evil and the general aggression model. In Miller, A. (ed.), The Social Psychology of Good and Evil (pp. 168–92). New York: Guilford Publications.Google Scholar
Anderson, C. A. & DeLisi, M. (2011). Implications of global climate change for violence in developed and developing countries. In Forgas, J., Kruglanski, A., & Williams, K. (eds.), The Psychology of Social Conflict and Aggression (pp. 249–65). New York: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, C. A., Deuser, W. E., & DeNeve, K. (1995). Hot temperatures, hostile affect, hostile cognition, and arousal: Tests of a general model of affective aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, 434–48.Google Scholar
Anderson, C. A. & Kellam, K. L. (1992). Belief perseverance, biased assimilation, and covariation detection: The effects of hypothetical social theories and new data. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 555–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, C. A. & Lindsay, J. J. (1998). The development, perseverance, and change of naive theories. Social Cognition, 16, 8–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Archibald, S. & Richards, P. (2002). Converts to human rights? Popular debate about war and justice in rural Sierra Leone. Africa, 72, 339–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asala, K. (2021, April 8). Tension over Nile waters between Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt explained. Africanews. www.africanews.com/2021/04/08/tension-over-nile-waters-between-ethiopia-sudan-and-egypt-explained//.Google Scholar
Asch, S. E. (1952/1972). Group forces in the modification and distortion of judgments. In Hollander, E. P. & Hunt, R. G. (eds.), Classic Contributions to Psychology (pp. 330–9). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Auliciems, A. & DiBartolo, L. (1995). Domestic violence in a subtropical environment: Police calls and weather in Brisbane. International Journal of Biometeorology, 39(1), 34–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Avalos, H. (2005). Fighting Words: The Origins of Religious Violence. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.Google Scholar
Barlow, F. K., Paolini, S., Pedersen, A. et al. (2012). The contact caveat: Negative contact predicts increased prejudice more than positive contact predicts reduced prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38, 1629–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barnett, J. & Adger, W. (2007). Climate change, human security and violent conflict. Political Geography, 26, 639–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Behm-Morawitz, E. & Ortiz, M. (2013). Race, ethnicity, and the edia. In Dill, K. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Media Psychology (pp. 252–64). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Berkowitz, L. (1989). Frustration-aggression hypothesis: Examination and reformulation. Psychological Bulletin, 106, 59–73.Google Scholar
Boulant, J. A. (1981). Hypothalamic mechanisms in thermoregulation. Federation Proceedings. December, 40(14), 2843–50.Google ScholarPubMed
Boyanowsky, E. O. (1999). Violence and aggression in the heat of passion and in cold blood. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 22, 257–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boyanowsky, E. O. (2008). Explaining the relation among environmental temperatures, aggression and violent crime: Emotional-cognitive stress under thermoregulatory conflict (ECS-TC Syndrome). Presented at the Biannual World Meeting of the International Society for Research on Aggression, Budapest, Hungary, July 8–13.Google Scholar
Boyanowsky, E. O., Calvert-Boyanowsky, J., Young, J., & Brideau, L. (1981). Toward a thermoregulatory model of violence. Journal of Environmental Systems, 11, 81–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bushman, B. J., Coyne, S. M., Anderson, C. A. et al. (2018). Risk factors for youth violence: Youth Violence Commission, International Society for Research on Aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 44, 331–6.Google Scholar
Bushman, B. J., Wang, M. C., & Anderson, C. A. (2005a). Is the curve relating temperature to aggression linear or curvilinear? Assaults and temperature in Minneapolis reexamined. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 62–6.Google ScholarPubMed
Bushman, B. J., Wang, M. C., & Anderson, C. A. (2005b). Is the curve relating temperature to aggression linear or curvilinear? A response to Bell (2005) and to Cohn and Rotton (2005). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 74–7.Google Scholar
Carlsmith, J. M. & Anderson, C. A. (1979). Ambient temperature and the occurrence of collective violence: A new analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 337–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carnagey, N. L. & Anderson, C. A. (2007). Changes in attitudes towards war and violence after September 11, 2001. Aggressive Behavior, 33, 118–29.Google Scholar
Caspi, A., McClay, J., Moffitt, T. E. et al. (2002). Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children. Science, 297(5582), 851–4.Google Scholar
Chang, C. H., Bernard, T. E., & Logan, J. (2017). Effects of heat stress on risk perceptions and risk taking. Applied Ergonomics, 62, 150–7.Google Scholar
Chavis, B. F. Jr. (1994). Preface. In Bullard, R. D. (ed.), Unequal Protection: Environmental Justice and Communities of Color (pp. xi–xii). San Francisco, CA: Sierra Club Books.Google Scholar
Chen, E., Cohen, S., & Miller, G. E. (2010). How low socioeconomic status affects 2-year hormonal trajectories in children. Psychological Science, 21, 31–7.Google Scholar
Cialdini, R. B. (2021). Influence, New and Expanded: The Psychology of Persuasion. New York: HarperCollins.Google Scholar
Cohen, D. & Nisbett, R. E. (1994). Self-protection and the culture of honor: Explaining southern violence. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 551–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, L. E. & Felson, M. (1979). Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach. American Sociological Review, 44, 588–608.Google Scholar
Coll, C. G., Patton, F., Marks, A. K. et al. (2012). Understanding the immigrant paradox in youth: Developmental and contextual considerations. In Masten, A. S., Liebkind, K., & Hernandez, D. J. (eds.), Capitalizing on Migration. The Potential of Immigrant Youth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Craigie, T. A. L., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Waldfogel, J. (2012). Family structure, family stability and outcomes of five-year-old children. Families, Relationships and Societies, 1(1), 43–61.Google Scholar
Cramer, C. (2003). Does inequality cause conflict? Journal of International Development, 15, 397–412.Google Scholar
Daneman, R. & Prat, A. (2015). The blood–brain barrier. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 7(1), a020412.Google Scholar
Das, E., Bushman, B. J., Bezemer, M. D., Kerkhof, P., & Vermeulen, I. E. (2009). How terrorism news reports increase prejudice against outgroups: A terror management account. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 453–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Center, Data. (2015). Who lives in New Orleans and metro parishes now? www.datacenterresearch.org/data-resources/who-lives-in-new-orleans-now/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_content=http%3A//www.datacenterresearch.org/data-resources/who-lives-in-new-orleans-now/&utm_campaign=Who%20Lives.Google Scholar
Davies, I. P., Haugo, R. D., Robertson, J. C., & Levin, P. S. (2018). The unequal vulnerability of communities of color to wildfire. PloS one, 13(11), e0205825.Google Scholar
Davies, K., Tropp, L. R., Aron, A., Pettigrew, T. F., & Wright, S. C. (2011). Cross-group friendships and intergroup attitudes: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 15(4), 332–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Bellis, M. D. (2005). The psychobiology of neglect. Child Maltreatment, 10(2), 150–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deleu, D., El Siddig, A., Kamran, S. et al. (2005). Downbeat nystagmus following classical heat stroke. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 108(1), 102–4.Google Scholar
DeLisi, M. (2005). Career Criminals in Society. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dematte, J. E., O’Mara, K., Buescher, J. et al. (1998). Near-fatal heat stroke during the 1995 heat wave in Chicago. Annals of Internal Medicine, 129(3), 173–81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dennison, J. & Geddes, A. (2018). Brexit and the perils of “Europeanised” migration. Journal of European Public Policy, 25(8), 1137–53.Google Scholar
Dill, K. E., Gentile, D. A., Richter, W. A., & Dill, J. C. (2005). Violence, sex, race and age in popular video games: A content analysis. In Cole, E. & Henderson Daniel, J. (eds.), Featuring Females: Feminist Analyses of the Media (pp. 115–30). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Dixon, T. L. & Azocar, C. L. (2007). Priming crime and activating blackness: Understanding the psychological impact of the overrepresentation of blacks as lawbreakers on television news. Journal of Communication, 57, 229–53.Google Scholar
Doherty, T. J. & Clayton, S. (2011). The psychological impacts of global climate change. American Psychologist, 66(4), 265–76.Google Scholar
Donovan, T. & Redlawsk, D. (2018). Donald Trump and right-wing populists in comparative perspective. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 28(2), 190–207.Google Scholar
Echebarria, Echabe, A. & Fernández, Guede, E. (2006). Effects of terrorism on attitudes and ideological orientation. European Journal of Social Psychology, 36(2), 259–65.Google Scholar
Eigsti, I. M. & Cicchetti, D. (2004). The impact of child maltreatment on expressive syntax at 60 months. Developmental Science, 7(1), 88–102.Google Scholar
Einbinder, N. (2018). How the far right has reshaped the refugee debate in Europe. PBS. www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/how-the-far-right-hasreshaped-the-refugee-debate-ineurope/.Google Scholar
Eisen, M. L., Goodman, G. S., Qin, J., Davis, S., & Crayton, J. (2007). Maltreated children’s memory: Accuracy, suggestibility, and psychopathology. Developmental Psychology, 43(6), 1275.Google Scholar
Fagan, B. (2000). The Little Ice Age: How Climate Made History 1300–1850. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Fritsche, I., Cohrs, J. C., Kessler, T., & Bauer, J. (2012). Global warming is breeding social conflict: The subtle impact of climate change threat on authoritarian tendencies. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 32(1), 1–10.Google Scholar
Gallup, Inc. (2018, November 14). Katrina hurt blacks and poor victims most. Gallup.com. https://news.gallup.com/poll/19405/katrina-hurt-blacks-poor-victims-most.aspx.Google Scholar
Garret, A. (2019). The refugee crisis, Brexit, and the reframing of immigration in Britain. Europe Now. www.europenowjournal.org/2019/09/09/the-refugee-crisis-brexitand-the-reframing-of-immigration-in-britain/.Google Scholar
Gibb, S. (2016, July 23). After Hurricane Katrina: Where are they now? United States Census Bureau. www.census.gov/newsroom/blogs/random-samplings/2016/05/after-hurricane-katrina-where-are-they-now.html.Google Scholar
Gilens, M. (1996). Race and poverty in America: Public misperceptions and the American news media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 60(4), 515–41.Google Scholar
Gilliam Jr, F. D. & Iyengar, S. (2000). Prime suspects: The influence of local television news on the viewing public. American Journal of Political Science, 44(3), 560–73.Google Scholar
Gilliam, F. D. Jr, Valentino, N. A., & Beckmann, M. N. (2002). Where you live and what you watch: The impact of racial proximity and local television news on attitudes about race and crime. Political Research Quarterly, 55(4), 755–80.Google Scholar
Gleick, P. H. (2014). Water, drought, climate change, and conflict in Syria. Weather, Climate, and Society, 6(3), 331–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodhand, J. (2003). Enduring disorder and persistent poverty: A review of linkages between war and chronic poverty. World Development, 31, 629–46.Google Scholar
Gramlich, J. (2020). What the data says (and doesn’t say) about crime in the United States. Pew Research Center. www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/11/20/facts-about-crime-in-the-u-s/.Google Scholar
Griffin, P. (2017). The Carbon Majors Database CDP: Carbon Majors report 2017. Carbon Majors Database. https://b8f65cb373b1b7b15feb-c70d8ead6ced550b4d987d7c03fcdd1d.ssl.cf3.rackcdn.com/cms/reports/documents/000/002/327/original/Carbon-Majors-Report-2017.pdf?1499691240.Google Scholar
Hage, G. (2003). “Comes a time we are all enthusiasm”: Understanding Palestinian suicide bombers in times of exighophobia. Public Culture, 15, 65–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hallegatte, S., Rogelj, J., Allen, M. et al. (2016). Mapping the climate change challenge. Nature Climate Change, 6(7), 663–8.Google Scholar
Harries, K. D. & Stadler, S. J. (1983). Determinism revisited: Assault and heat stress in Dallas, 1980. Environment & Behavior, 15, 235–56.Google Scholar
Harvard, T.H. Chan School of Public Health. (2020). Coronavirus and climate change. www.hsph.harvard.edu/c-change/subtopics/coronavirus-and-climate-change/.Google Scholar
Herring, S. C., Hoerling, M. P., Kossin, J. P., Peterson, T. C., & Stott, P. A., (eds.) (2015). Explaining extreme events of 2014 from a climate perspective. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 96(12), S1–S172.Google Scholar
Hesson, T. & Kahn, C. (2020, August 14). Trump pushes anti-immigrant message even as coronavirus dominates campaign. Reuters. www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-immigration-insight/trump-pushes-anti-immigrant-message-even-as-coronavirus-dominates-campaign-idUSKCN25A18W.Google Scholar
Holifield, R. (2001). Defining environmental justice and environmental racism. Urban Geography, 22(1), 78–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsiang, S. M., Burke, M., & Miguel, E. (2013). Quantifying the influence of climate on human conflict. Science, 341(6151), 1–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huston, A. C. & Bentley, A. (2009). Human development in societal context. Annual Review of Psychiatry, 61, 411–37.Google Scholar
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (IPCC). (2007). Parry, M. L., Canziani, O. F., Paultikof, J. P., van der Linden, P. J., & Hanson, C. E. (eds.), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (IPCC). (2013). Parry, M. L., Canziani, O. F., Paultikof, J. P., van der Linden, P. J., & Hanson, C. E. (eds.), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Islam, G. (2014). Social identity theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, 741–63.Google Scholar
Kalkan, K. O., Layman, G. C., & Uslaner, E. M. (2009). “Bands of others”? Attitudes toward Muslims in contemporary American society. Journal of Politics, 71(3), 847–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kenrick, D. T. & MacFarlane, S. W. (1986). Ambient temperature and horn honking: A field study of the heat/aggression relation. Environmental Behavior, 18, 179–91.Google Scholar
Kovats, R. S. & Hajat, S. (2008). Heat stress and public health: A critical review. Annual Review of Public Health, 29, 41–55.Google Scholar
Krahé, B. (2020). The Social Psychology of Aggression. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kruglanski, A. W., Chen, X., Deschesne, M., Fishman, S., & Orehek, E. (2009). Fully committed: Suicide bombers’ motivation and the quest for personal significance. Political Psychology, 30, 331–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kruglanski, A. W. & Orehek, E. (2011). The role of the quest for personal significance in motivating terrorism. In Forgas, J., Kruglanski, A., & Williams, K. (eds.), The Psychology of Social Conflict and Aggression (pp. 153–66). New York: Psychology PressGoogle Scholar
Kunda, Z. (2001). Hot cognition: The impact of motivation and affect on judgment. In Social Cognition: Making Sense of People. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Kuwabara, M. & Smith, L. B. (2012). Cross-cultural differences in cognitive development: Attention to relations and objects. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 113(1), 20–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, J., Raine, A., Venables, P. H., & Mednick, S. A. (2004). Malnutrition at age 3 years and externalizing behavior problems at ages 8, 11, and 17 years. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 2005–13.Google Scholar
Maclure, R. & Sotelo, M. (2004). Youth gangs in Nicaragua: Gang membership as structured individualization. Journal of Youth Studies, 7, 417–32.Google Scholar
Mares, D. (2013). Climate change and levels of violence in socially disadvantaged neighborhood groups. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 90(4), 768–83.Google Scholar
Mares, D. M. & Moffett, K. W. (2015). Climate change and interpersonal violence: A “global” estimate and regional inequities. Climatic Change, online publication.Google Scholar
Massen, J. J., Dusch, K., Eldakar, O. T., & Gallup, A. C. (2014). A thermal window for yawning in humans: Yawning as a brain cooling mechanism. Physiology & Behavior, 130, 145–8.Google Scholar
Maystadt, J.-F. & Ecker, O. (2014). Extreme weather and civil war: Does drought fuel conflict in Somalia through livestock price shocks? American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 96(4), 1157–82.Google Scholar
McClure, E. S., Vasudevan, P., Bailey, Z., Patel, S., & Robinson, W. R. (2020). Racial capitalism within public health—how occupational settings drive COVID-19 disparities. American Journal of Epidemiology, 189(11), 1244–53.Google Scholar
McCoy, K., Tibbs, J. J., DeKraai, M., & Hansen, D. J. (2020). Household dysfunction and adolescent substance use: Moderating effects of family, community, and school support. Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse, 29(1), 68–79.Google Scholar
Miles-Novelo, A. & Anderson, C. A. (2019). Climate change and psychology: Effects of rapid global warming on violence and aggression. Current Climate Change Reports, 5(1), 36–46.Google Scholar
Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67(4), 371.Google Scholar
Miller, N., Pedersen, W. C., Earleywine, M., & Pollock, V. E. (2003). A theoretical model of triggered displaced aggression. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 7, 75–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mosendz, P. (2016, April 14). After Hurricane Katrina, a man-made disaster in New Orleans. Newsweek. www.newsweek.com/2015/08/28/hurricane-katrina-new-orleans-rebuilding-364051.html.Google Scholar
Nafziger, E. & Auvinen, J. (2002). Economic development, inequality, war, and state violence. World Development, 30, 153–63.Google Scholar
Neugebauer, R., Hoek, H. W., & Susser, E. (1999). Prenatal exposure to wartime famine and development of antisocial personality disorder in early adulthood. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282, 455–62.Google Scholar
Neuhauser, A. (2019). Hundreds of protesters arrested in India after water runs dry. U.S. News & World Report. www.usnews.com/news/world-report/articles/2019–06–20/hundreds-of-protesters-arrested-in-india-after-water-runs-dry.Google Scholar
Nisbet, E. C., Ostman, R., & Shanahan, J. (2009). Public opinion toward Muslim Americans: Civil liberties and the role of religiosity, ideology, and media use. In Sinno, A. (ed.), Muslims in Western Politics (pp. 161–99). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Ohlsson, L. (2000). Livelihood Conflicts: Linking Poverty and Environment as Causes of Conflict. Stockholm: Environmental Policy Unit, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency.Google Scholar
Ogbu, J. U. (1988). Cultural diversity and human development. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 1988(42), 11–28.Google Scholar
Park, J., Felix, K., & Lee, G. (2007). Implicit attitudes toward Arab-Muslims and the moderating effects of social information. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 29, 35–45.Google Scholar
Petersen, A. M., Vincent, E. M., & Westerling, A. L. (2019). Discrepancy in scientific authority and media visibility of climate change scientists and contrarians. Nature Communications, 10(1), 1–14.Google Scholar
Pettigrew, T. F. (2021). Contextual Social Psychology: Reanalyzing Prejudice, Voting, and Intergroup Contact. Washington, DC: .American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Pettigrew, T. F. & Tropp, L. M. (2011). When Groups Meet: The Dynamics of Intergroup Contact. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Petty, R. E. & Cacioppo, J. T. (2012). Communication and Persuasion: Central and Peripheral Routes to Attitude Change. New York: Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Center, Pew Research. (2013). After Boston, little change in views of Islam and violence. www.people-press.org/files/legacy-pdf/5–7–13%20Islam%20Release.pdf.Google Scholar
Pew Research Center. (2015). The American family today. www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2015/12/17/1-the-american-family-today/.Google Scholar
Pielke, R. (2019). Tracking progress on the economic costs of disasters under the indicators of the sustainable development goals. Environmental Hazards, 18(1), 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plante, C., Allen, J. J., & Anderson, C. A. (2017). Likely effects of rapid climate change on violence and conflict. In Oglesby, L. (ed.) The Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Plante, C. & Anderson, C. A. (2017). Global warming and violent behavior. Association for Psychological Science Observer, 30(2), 29–32. www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/global-warming-and-violent-behavior.Google Scholar
Rabin, N. (2018). Understanding secondary immigration enforcement: Immigrant youth and family separation in a border county. Journal of Law & Education, 47(1), 1–40.Google Scholar
Reifman, A. S., Larrick, R. P., & Fein, S. (1991). Temper and temperature on the diamond: The heat-aggression relation in Major League Baseball. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 580–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rettberg, J. W., & Gajjala, R. (2016). Terrorists or cowards: Negative portrayals of male Syrian refugees in social media. Feminist Media Studies, 16(1), 178–81.Google Scholar
Reuters. (2021, April 7). Egypt’s Sisi warns of potential for conflict over Ethiopian dam. www.reuters.com/article/us-ethiopia-dam-egypt-sudan/egypts-sisi-warns-of-potential-for-conflict-over-ethiopian-dam-idUSKBN2BU2C3.Google Scholar
Reuveny, R. (2008). Ecomigration and violent conflict: Case studies and public policy implications. Human Ecology, 36, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rivlin, G. (2015). Why the plan to shrink New Orleans failed. FiveThirtyEight. https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-the-plan-to-shrink-new-orleans-after-katrina-failed/.Google Scholar
Rivlin, G. (2016). White New Orleans has recovered from Hurricane Katrina. Black New Orleans has not. Talk Poverty. https://talkpoverty.org/2016/08/29/white-new-orleans-recovered-hurricane-katrina-black-new-orleans-not/.Google Scholar
Rizzo, S. (2019). What’s actually in the “Green New Deal” from Democrats? The Washington Post. www.washingtonpost.com/gdpr-consent/?next_url=https%3a%2f%2fwww.washingtonpost.com%2fpolitics%2f2019%2f02%2f11%2fwhats-actually-green-new-deal-democrats%2f.Google Scholar
Rotton, J. & Frey, J. (1985). Air pollution, weather, and violent crimes: Concomitant time-series analysis of archival data. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 49, 1207–20.Google Scholar
Saeed, A. (2007). Media, racism and Islamophobia: The representation of Islam and Muslims in the media. Sociology Compass, 1, 443–62.Google Scholar
Saleem, M., & Anderson, C. A. (2013). Arabs as terrorists: Effects of stereotypes within violent contexts on attitudes, perceptions and affect. Psychology of Violence, 3, 84–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saleem, M., Prot, S., Anderson, C. A., & Lemieux, A. F. (2017). Exposure to Muslims in media and support for public policies harming Muslims. Communication Research, 44, 841–69.Google Scholar
Saleem, M., Prot, S., Cikara, M. et al. (2015). Cutting Gordian knots: Reducing prejudice through attachment security. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 41, 1560–74.Google Scholar
Sandstrom, H. & Huerta, S. (2013). The Negative Effects Of Instability On Child Development: A Research Sysnthesis. Washington, DC: Urban Institute.Google Scholar
Schanzenbach, D. W. & Pitts, A. (2020). How much has food insecurity risen? Evidence from the Census Household Pulse Survey. Institute for Policy Research Rapid Research Report. www.ipr.northwestern.edu/documents/reports/ipr-rapid-researchreports-pulse-hh-data-10-june-2020.pdf.Google Scholar
Scrimshaw, N. S. (1998). Malnutrition, brain development, learning, and behavior. Nutrition Research, 18(2), 351–79.Google Scholar
Sherif, M., Harvey, O. J., White, B. et al. (1954/1961): Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation: The Robbers Cave Experiment. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma, Institute of Intergroup Relations.Google Scholar
Shisanya, C. A. & Khayesi, M. (2007). How is climate change perceived in relation to other socioeconomic and environmental threats in Nairobi, Kenya? Climatic Change, 85(3), 271–84.Google Scholar
Sides, J. & Gross, K. (2013). Stereotypes of Muslims and support for the War on Terror. Journal of Politics, 75, 583–98.Google Scholar
Simister, J. & Cooper, C. (2005). Thermal stress in the U.S.A.: Effects on violence and on employee behavior. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 21, 3–15.Google Scholar
Šisler, V. (2008). Digital Arabs: Representation in video games. European Journal of Cultural Studies 11, 203–20.Google Scholar
Smith, H. J., Pettigrew, T. F., Pippin, G. M., & Bialosiewicz, S. (2012). Relative deprivation: A theoretical and meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(3), 203–32.Google Scholar
Spratt, D. and Dunlop, I. (2018). What Lies Beneath: The Understatement of Existential Climate Risk. Melbourne, Australia: Breakthrough National Centre for Climate Restoration.Google Scholar
Spratt, D., Dunlop, I., & Barrie, A. C. (2019). Existential climate-related security risk. Melbourne, Australia: Breakthrough National Centre for Climate Restoration..Google Scholar
Stephan, W. G., Ybarra, O., & Rios Morrison, K. (2009). Intergroup threat theory. In Nelson, T. (ed.), Handbook of Prejudice (pp. 43–59). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Sui, S. X., Ridding, M. C., & Hordacre, B. (2020). Obesity is associated with reduced plasticity of the human motor cortex. Brain Sciences, 10(9), 579.Google Scholar
Tajfel, H. (1981). Human Groups and Social Categories: Studies in Social Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tomlinson, H. (2019, June 25). Police guard water tankers from rioters as India buckles under 50 C heatwave. The Times. www.thetimes.co.uk/article/indias-heatwave-causes-death-drought-and-despair-mbvrns7r2.Google Scholar
Tukachinsky, R., Mastro, D., & Yarchi, M. (2015). Documenting portrayals of race/ethnicity on primetime television over a 20-year span and their association with national-level racial/ethnic attitudes. Journal of Social Issues, 71, 17–38.Google Scholar
United States Department of Agriculture. (2020). Food security in the U.S. USDA – Economic Research Service. www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/key-statistics-graphics.aspx.Google Scholar
Uskul, A. K. & Cross, S. E. (2020). Socio-ecological roots of cultures of honor. Current Opinion in Psychology, 32, 177–80.Google Scholar
Valentino, N. A. (1999). Crime news and the priming of racial attitudes during evaluations of the president. Public Opinion Quarterly, 293–320.Google Scholar
Van de Vliert, E. (2009). Climate, affluence, and culture. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Van Lange, P. A., Rinderu, M. I., & Bushman, B. J. (2017). Aggression and violence around the world: A model of climate, aggression, and self-control in humans (CLASH). Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 40(75). www.cambridge.org/core/journals/behavioral-and-brain-sciences/article/abs/aggression-and-violence-around-the-world-a-model-of-climate-aggression-and-selfcontrol-in-humans-clash/39F8C1E903B0A355948316C3B9003740.Google Scholar
Van de Vliert, E. (2013). Climato-economic habitats support patterns of human needs, stresses, and freedoms. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36(5), 465–80.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van de Vliert, E., Schwartz, S. H., Huismans, S. E., Hofstede, G., & Daan, S. (1999). Temperature, cultural masculinity, and domestic political violence: A cross-national study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30, 291–314.Google Scholar
Vazsonyi, A. T., Flannery, D. J., & DeLisi, M. (eds.) (2018). The Cambridge Handbook of Violent Behavior and Aggression. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Vrij, A., van der Steen, J., & Koppelaar, L. (1994). Aggression of police officers as a function of temperature: An experiment with the Fire Arms Training System. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 4, 365–70.Google Scholar
Walter, E. J. & Carraretto, M. (2016). The neurological and cognitive consequences of hyperthermia. Critical Care, 20(1), 1–8.Google Scholar
Warburton, W. A. & Anderson, C. A. (2018). Aggression. In Zeigler-Hill, V. & Shackelford, T. K. (eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Personality and Individual Differences: Applications of Personality and Individual Differences (pp. 183–211). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wariaro, V. & Hoopert, D. (2018). Global catastrophic risks 2018. Stockholm, Global Challenges Foundation, 24.Google Scholar
Webster, B. (2018). BBC freezes out climate sceptics. The Times. www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/bbc-freezes-out-climate-sceptics-fqhqmrfs6.Google Scholar
Wilkowski, B. M., Meier, B. P., Robinson, M. D., Carter, M. S., & Feltman, R. (2009). “Hotheaded” is more than an expression: The embodied representation of anger in terms of heat. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 464–77.Google Scholar
Wilson, K. R., Hansen, D. J., & Li, M. (2011). The traumatic stress response in child maltreatment and resultant neuropsychological effects. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 16(2), 87–97.Google Scholar
Wittbrodt, M. T., Sawka, M. N., Mizelle, J. C., Wheaton, L. A., & Millard Stafford, M. L. (2018). Exercise heat stress with and without water replacement alters brain structures and impairs visuomotor performance. Physiological Reports, 6(16), e13805.Google Scholar
Yamaguchi, T., Shimizu, K., Kokubu, Y. et al. (2019). Effect of heat stress on blood-brain barrier integrity in iPS cell-derived microvascular endothelial cell models. PloS one, 14(9), e0222113.Google Scholar
Yaqub, B. A. (1987). Neurologic manifestations of heatstroke at the Mecca pilgrimage. Neurology, 37(6), 1004.Google Scholar
Yasayko, J. (2010). Attacks on transit drivers as a function of ambient temperature. Master’s thesis, Simon Fraser University.Google Scholar
Zhang, D. D., Brecke, P., Lee, H. F., He, Y. O., & Zhang, J. (2007). Global climate change, war, and population decline in recent human history. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 104, 19214–19.Google Scholar
Zhang, D. D., Zhang, J., Lee, H. F., & He, Y. O. (2007). Climate change and war frequency in eastern china over the last millennium. Human Ecology, 35, 403–14.Google Scholar
Zillmann, D. (1978). Attribution and misattribution of excitatory reactions. In Harvey, J., Ickes, W., & Kidd, R. (eds.), New Directions in Attribution Aesearch (vol. 2, pp. 335–68). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Climate Change and Human Behavior
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Climate Change and Human Behavior
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Climate Change and Human Behavior
Available formats
×