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  • Cited by 79
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
September 2012
Print publication year:
2012
Online ISBN:
9780511794209

Book description

The Geniza merchants of the eleventh-century Mediterranean - sometimes called the 'Maghribi traders' - are central to controversies about the origins of long-term economic growth and the institutional bases of trade. In this book, Jessica Goldberg reconstructs the business world of the Geniza merchants, maps the shifting geographic relationships of the medieval Islamic economy and sheds new light on debates about the institutional framework for later European dominance. Commercial letters, business accounts and courtroom testimony bring to life how these medieval traders used personal gossip and legal mechanisms to manage far-flung agents, switched business strategies to manage political risks and asserted different parts of their fluid identities to gain advantage in the multicultural medieval trading world. This book paints a vivid picture of the everyday life of Jewish merchants in Islamic societies and adds new depth to debates about medieval trading institutions with unique quantitative analyses and innovative approaches.

Reviews

‘Goldberg brilliantly combines a historian's knowledge of detail and an economist's conceptual framework to enrich our understanding of transactions and their governance. She shows how the many-dimensional relationships among traders interact with multiple institutions enforcing property rights and contracts; this brings the research frontier closer to relevance and applicability. Her book is a must-read for researchers and students not only in medieval and economic history, but also in institutional and development economics.’

Avinash Dixit - John J. F. Sherrerd '52 University Professor of Economics, Emeritus, Princeton University, New Jersey

‘Anyone interested in the history of the Mediterranean and its implications for the development of capitalism will have to read this book. It offers an exacting and innovative reading of a difficult and fascinating trove of records that have generated heated scholarly debates for over a century.’

Francesca Trivellato - Yale University, Connecticut

‘Succeeds in painting a coherent and compelling picture of a trading community, while still maintaining technical precision. The result is that one learns, and even enters, a world of foreign categories and remarkable social-economic mechanisms.’

Joshua Holo Source: H-Judaic

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Contents

Bibliography

Manuscript sources

This table includes all Geniza documents consulted in the preparation of this book. These include not only the documents quoted in the text (and thus referred to individually in footnotes) but also the documents used in compiling tables of letter exchange, travels, and commodity movements, those used to generate the statistics in the typological sample and the commercial corpus. It also includes referenced documents not included in the commercial corpus (these are identified with a ♦). Documents held in public libraries are listed in alphabetical order according to the city in which they are located; documents in private collections are listed in alphabetical order by the name of the collection. Some collections have changed names or changed cataloguing; such name changes are noted at the beginning of each collection. The Taylor–Schechter Collection has been catalogued over many decades and using many methods. The documents in the various Old Series are grouped before the New Series (sorted since 1954) and the Additional Series (sorted since 1974). Occasionally the shelfmark in an edition has been misidentified by the editor. Where I have been able to correct such mistakes the correct shelfmark is given with an asterisk next to the edition in which the document number is wrong. I have also included, in parentheses, previous shelfmarks.1

I have arranged this in the form of a table in order to assist readers in locating documents, available translations, and especially to indicate their relationship to the editions of Moshe Gil, and to those of the Princeton Geniza browser (http://gravitas.princeton.edu/tg/tt/), without whose work my own would have been impossible.2 Some alternative editions are mentioned in this list, but much work on editions, images, translations, and bibliography of Geniza documents has moved online to the Friedberg Genizah Project. The reader is accordingly directed to http://www.genizah.org/. Almost all the documents used in this book are catalogued there; it is also possible to read Gil's editions, look at available images of the originals, and get current bibliography. Translations only refer to English translations. For Simonsohn, 1997, Goitein, 1973, Ben-Sasson et al., 1991, Goitein and Friedman, 2008, and Zeldes and Frenkel, 1997 document numbers assigned by the editor are given rather than page numbers.

The major collected editions referred to below are the following:

  • The two collections of Gil: Gil, 1983a; Gil, 1997. I give the document number provided in those volumes, preceded by a K for Kingdom of Ishmael, and a P for Palestine, following Gil's own use.

  • The Geniza Browser: A compendium of edited transcriptions. It began with corrected versions of S. D. Goitein's unpublished transcriptions, but work has continued with contributions by various scholars and the Geniza browser staff. Some of the editions there come from published editions; see the abbreviations below. The following abbreviations are used for the Geniza browser: SDG, unpublished edition by S. D. Goitein; ALU, unpublished edition by A. L. Udovitch; MRC, unpublished edition by M. R. Cohen. For further ascriptions see http://www.princeton.edu/~geniza/history01.html.

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1 Given changes in cataloguing practices of different libraries when various editions were published, it is sometimes difficult to properly cross-reference documents that have been multiply edited; the Mosseri and David Kauffman collections present particular difficulties, and I suspect that I may have multiple listings of the same document in my lists as I was unable to cross-reference some xeroxes of originals mentioned by Goitein with editions in Gil, or the edition in Gil with the document in Friedberg. I put an asterisk (*) next to documents edited by Gil in which the current Friedberg catalogue has an entirely different document under the same shelfmark in this list and throughout the book.

2 My readings of some documents differs from published editions; translations are often based on published ones, but have been edited in accordance with my readings of documents and my normalization of many formulae and mercantile terms, hence the absence of edition references throughout the text.

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