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  • Cited by 13
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
November 2014
Print publication year:
2014
Online ISBN:
9780511998133

Book description

This is a comprehensive new history of the French army's critical contribution to the Great War. Ranging across all fronts, Elizabeth Greenhalgh examines the French army's achievements and failures and sets these in the context of the difficulties of coalition warfare and the relative strengths and weaknesses of the enemy forces it faced. Drawing from new archival sources, she reveals the challenges of dealing with and replenishing a mass conscript army in the face of slaughter on an unprecedented scale, and shows how, through trials and defeats, French generals and their troops learned to adapt and develop techniques which eventually led to victory. In a unique account of the largest Allied army on the Western Front, she revises our understanding not only of wartime strategy and combat, but also of other crucial aspects of France's war, from mutinies and mail censorship to medical services, railways and weapons development.

Awards

A Choice Outstanding Academic Title 2015

Reviews

'There’s far too much in this book to summarize here, but let it suffice to say that this is an essential read for anyone interested in the Great War.'

A. A. Nofi Source: The NYMAS Review

'The Anglophone military history of the Great War runs something like this: French generals callously massacred their own infantry in fruitless offensives in 1914–15; the French poilus heroically held Verdun in 1916; and in 1917, an exhausted French Army came near to collapse, only to be rescued by a revitalized British Army, the Americans, and the tanks. Greenhalgh’s impressive new work provides an important corrective to this myth. The French Army was, in fact, the linchpin of the entire Allied effort, and the story of its victory is central to understanding the real war. Based on printed primary sources as well as archival research, the volume offers not only a comprehensive history of the army’s operations on multiple fronts, but adds significant detail on the mobilization of French manpower to sustain a war of attrition fought primarily on French soil … This fine book is an important corrective to most Great War narratives. Bottom line: mandatory for modern history collections. Summing up: essential.'

G. P. Cox Source: Choice

'A cogent and eminently readable rebuttal to the inaccurate stereotypes that have long dominated non-specialist view of the French Army in World War I. She shows a French Army that was flawed, but whose officers and men continually sought new ways to overcome the momentous challenge they faced.'

Andrew Orr Source: H-France

'The French Army and the First World War is a tour de force and will remain the single best book on its subject for the foreseeable future. Enhanced by well-chosen photographs, detailed tables, and a helpful, concise bibliographic essay, it is essential reading for all students of the French military, World War I, and military history in general.'

Source: Michigan War Studies Review

'Elizabeth Greenhalgh has written an indispensable book on France in the Great War. In fact, the book is indispensable more broadly to the history of the First World War, and to the history of modern France.'

Richard Fogarty Source: H-War

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Contents

  • 7 - 1918: German offensives
    pp 271-311
Bibliographic essay
General works
Clayton, Anthony, Paths of Glory: The French Army 1914–18 (London: Cassell, 2003)
Clayton, Anthony, France, Soldiers and Africa (New York: Brassey’s, 1988)
Doughty, Robert A., Pyrrhic Victory: French strategy and operations in the Great War (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005)
Ferry, Abel, Carnets secrets 1914–1918 suivis de lettres et de notes de guerre (Paris: Grasset, 2005, revised and expanded edn)
Fogarty, Richard S., Race and War in France: Colonial subjects in the French Army, 1914–1918 (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008)
Frémeaux, Jacques, Les Colonies dans la Grande Guerre: Combats et épreuves des peuples d’outre-mer (Saint-Cloud: SOTECA 14–18 editions, 2006)
Guelton, Frédéric, L’Armée française en 1918 (Saint-Cloud: SOTECA 14–18 editions, n.d. [2008])
Herbillon, Colonel Emile, Du Général en chef au gouvernement. Souvenirs d’un officier de liaison pendant la guerre mondiale, 2 vols (Paris: Tallandier, 1930)
Horne, John (ed.), Vers la guerre totale: Le tournant de 1914–1915 (Paris: Tallandier, 2010)
Maurin, Jules, and Jauffret, Jean-Charles (eds), La Grande Guerre 1914–1918: 80 ans d’historiographie et de représentations (Montpellier: UMR 5609 du CNRS–ESID, 2002)
Michel, Marc, Les Africains et la Grande Guerre (Paris: Karthala, 2003)
Ministère de la Guerre. Etat-Major de l’Armée, Les Armées françaises dans la Grande Guerre, 103 vols (Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1922–38)
Pedroncini, Guy (ed.), Histoire militaire de la France, vol. 3 (Paris: PUF, 1992)
Poincaré, Raymond, Au Service de la France: Neuf années de souvenirs, 11 vols (Paris: Plon, 1928–74)
Serman, William, and Bertaud, Jean-Paul, Nouvelle histoire militaire de la France (Paris: Fayard, 1998)
Smith, Leonard V., Audoin-Rouzeau, Stéphane, Becker, Annette, France and the Great War, 1914–1918 (Cambridge University Press, 2003)
Sumner, Ian, and Embleton, Gerry, The French Army 1914–1918 (London: Osprey, 1995)
War Office. General Staff, Handbook of the French Army (London/Nashville TN: Imperial War Museum/Battery Press, repr. 1995)
The French Army as an institution
Audoin-Rouzeau, Stéphane, Men at War 1914–1918: National sentiment and trench journalism in France during the First World War (Providence, RI: Berg, 1992)
Baruch, Marc-Olivier, Duclert, Vincent (eds), Serviteurs de l’Etat: Une histoire politique de l’administration française 1875–1945 (Paris: La Découverte, 2000)
Becker, Annette, Les oubliés de la Grande Guerre: Humanitaire et culture de guerre, 1914–1918: populations occupées, déportés civils, prisonniers de guerre (Paris: Noêsis, 1998)
Boniface, Xavier, L’Aumônerie militaire française (1914–1962) (Paris: Cerf, 2001)
Cabanes, Bruno, La Victoire endeuillée: La sortie de guerre des soldats français 1918–1920 (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 2004)
Cronier, Emmanuelle, Permissionaires dans la Grande Guerre (Paris: Belin, 2013)
Duhamel, Georges et Blanche, Correspondance de guerre 1914–1919, 2 vols (Paris: Honoré Champion, 2007)
Forcade, Olivier, Duhamel, Eric, Vial, Philippe (eds), Militaires en République 1870–1962: Les officiers, le pouvoir et la vie publique en France (Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1999)
Gilles, Benjamin, Lectures de poilus 1914–1918: Livres et journaux dans les tranchées (Paris: Editions Autrement, 2013)
Girardet, Raoul, La Société militaire de 1815 à nos jours (Paris: Perrin, 1998)
Hanna, Martha, Your Death would be Mine: Paul and Marie Pireaud in the Great War (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006)
Mariot, Nicolas, Tous unis dans la tranchée: 1914–1918 les intellectuels rencontrent le peuple (Paris: Seuil, 2013)
Prost, Antoine, Les Anciens combattants et la société francaise: 1914–1939, 3 vols (Paris: Presses de la Fondation nationale des sciences politiques, 1977)
Prost, Antoine, In the Wake of War: ‘Les Anciens Combattants’ and French Society 1914–1939 (Providence, RI/Oxford: Berg, 1992)
Ridel, Charles, Les Embusqués (Paris: Armand Colin, 2007)
Saint-Fuscien, Emmanuel, A Vos Ordres? La relation d’autorité dans l’armée française de la Grande Guerre (Paris: EHESS, 2011)
Smith, Leonard V., Between Mutiny and Obedience: The case of the French Fifth Infantry Division during World War I (Princeton University Press, 1994)
Military operations
Baldin, Damien, and Saint-Fuscien, Emmanuel, Charleroi 21–23 août 1914 (Paris: Tallandier, 2012)
Beckett, Ian F.W., Ypres: The First Battle, 1914 (Harlow: Pearson Education, 2004)
Bernède, Allain, Verdun 1916: Le point de vue français (Le Mans: Editions Cénomane, 2002)
Bourachot, André, Joffre: De la préparation de la guerre à la disgrâce 1911–1916 (Paris: Bernard Giovanangeli, 2010)
Cassar, George, The French and the Dardanelles: A study of failure in the conduct of war (London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1971)
Duppler, Jörg, and Groß, Gerhard P. (eds), Kriegsende 1918: Ereignis, Wirkung, Nachwirkung (Munich: R. Oldenbourg, 1999)
Dutton, David, The Politics of Diplomacy: Britain and France in the Balkans in the First World War (London/New York: I.B. Tauris, 1998)
Fassy, Gérard, Le Commandement français en Orient, octobre 1915–novembre 1918: Étude historique d’un commandement opérationnel français à la tête d’une force militaire alliée (Paris: Economica, 2003)
Herwig, Holger H., The Marne, 1914: The Opening of World War I and the battle that changed the world (New York: Random House, 2009)
Horne, Alistair, The Price of Glory: Verdun 1916 (London: Macmillan, 1962)
House, Simon J., The Battle of the Ardennes, 22 August 1914 (PhD thesis, King’s College London, 2012)
Krause, Jonathan, Early Trench Tactics in the French Army: The second battle of Artois, May–June 1915 (Farnham: Ashgate, 2013)
Loez, André, ‘Si cette putain de guerre pouvait finir’: Histoire et sociologie des mutins de 1917 (PhD thesis, Université Paul Valéry, Montpellier III, 2009)
Loez, André, 14–18, Les Refus de la guerre: Une histoire des mutins (Paris: Gallimard, 2010)
Neiberg, Michael S., The Second Battle of the Marne (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2008)
Offenstadt, Nicolas (ed.), Le Chemin des Dames: De l’événement à la mémoire (Paris: Stock, 2004)
Pedroncini, Guy, Les Mutineries de 1917 (Paris: PUF, 1967)
Pedroncini, Guy, Pétain général en chef (1917–1918) (Paris: PUF, 1974)
Philpott, William, Bloody Victory: The Sacrifice on the Somme and the Making of the Twentieth Century (London: Little, Brown, 2009)
Prete, Roy A., Strategy and Command: The Anglo–French coalition on the Western Front, 1914 (Montreal/Kingston: McGill/Queen’s University Press, 2009)
Rolland, Denis, Nivelle: L’inconnu du Chemin des Dames (Paris: Imago, 2012)
Rolland, Denis, La Grève des tranchées: Les mutineries de 1917 (Paris: Imago, 2005)
Sarrail, Général , Mon Commandement en Orient (ed. Porte, Rémy) (Saint-Cloud: SOTECA Editions 14–18, 2012)
Smith, Leonard V., Between Mutiny and Obedience: The case of the Fifth Infantry Division during World War I (Princeton University Press, 1994)
Stevenson, David, ‘French strategy on the Western Front’, in Chickering, Roger and Förster, Stig (eds), Great War, Total War (Cambridge University Press, 2000)
Stevenson, David, With our Backs to the Wall: Victory and defeat in 1918 (London: Allen Lane, 2011)
Tanenbaum, Jan Karl, General Maurice Sarrail 1856–1929: The French Army and left-wing politics (Chapel Hill, CA: University of North Carolina Press, 1974)
Tyng, Sewell T., The Campaign of the Marne 1914 (London: Oxford University Press, 1935)
Zabecki, David T., The German 1918 Offensives: A case study in the operational level of war (London/New York: Routledge, 2006)
Zuber, Terence, The Battle of the Frontiers: Ardennes 1914 (Stroud: Tempus, 2007)
Tactics and doctrine: pre-war and developments
Cosson, Olivier, Préparer la guerre: L’Armée française et la guerre russo-japonaise, 1899–1914 (Paris: Les Indes savantes, 2013)
Gale, Tim, The French Army’s Tank Force and Armoured Warfare in the Great War (Farnham: Ashgate, 2013)
Goya, Michel, La Chair et l’acier: L’invention de la guerre moderne (1914–1918) (Paris: Tallandier, 2004)
Herr, Général , L’Artillerie: Ce qu’elle a été, ce qu’elle est, ce qu’elle doit être (Paris: Berger-Levrault, 1923)
Lucas, Colonel Pascal, L’Evolution des idées tactiques en France et en Allemagne pendant la guerre de 1914–1918 (Paris: Berger-Levrault, 4th edn, 1932)
Porch, Douglas, The March to the Marne: The French Army 1871–1914 (Cambridge University Press, 1981)
Queloz, Dimitry, De la Manoeuvre napoléonienne à l’offensive à outrance: La tactique générale de l’armée française 1871–1914 (Paris: Economica/EPHE IV Sorbonne, 2009)
Industrial mobilisation and new materiel: artillery, aviation and tanks
Darrow, Margaret H., French Women and the First World War (Oxford/New York: Berg, 2000)
Fontaine, Arthur, French Industry during the War (New Haven, CT/London: Yale University Press/ Oxford University Press, 1926)
Fridenson, Patrick, The French Home Front, 1914–1918 (Providence, RI: Berg, 1992)
Godfrey, John F., Capitalism at War: Industrial Policy and the Bureaucracy in France 1914–1918 (Leamington Spa/New York: Berg, 1987)
Porte, Rémy, La Mobilisation industrielle: ‘Premier front’ de la Grande Guerre? (Saint-Cloud: SOTECA, 14–18 Editions, 2005)
Intelligence
Armengaud, Général , Le Renseignement aérien: Sauvegarde des armées (Paris: Librairie Aéronautique, 1934)
Bourlet, Michaël, Les Officiers français des 2e et 5e bureaux de l’État-major de l’armée (août 1914–juin 1919) (PhD thesis, Université de Paris IV, Sorbonne, 2009)
Cartier, François, ‘Souvenirs du général Cartier’, Revue des Transmissions 85 (July–August 1959), 23–39, and 87 (November–December 1959), 13–51
Forcade, Olivier, La République secrète: Histoire des services spéciaux français de 1918 à 1939 (Paris: Nouveau monde editions, 2008)
Lahaie, Olivier, Renseignement et services de renseignement en France pendant la guerre de 1914–1918 (PhD thesis, Université de Paris IV, Sorbonne, 2005)
Lastours, Sophie, La France gagne la guerre des codes secrets: 1914–1918 (Paris: Le Grand Livre du Mois, 1998)
Porch, Douglas, The French Secret Services: From the Dreyfus Affair to the Gulf War (New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 1995)
Military justice and military medicine
Bach, General André, Fusillés pour l’exemple 1914–1915 (Paris: Tallandier, 2003)
Bach, General André, Justice militaire 1915–1916 (Paris: Vendémiaire, 2013)
Kalifa, Dominique, Biribi: Les bagnes coloniaux de l’armée française (Paris: Perrin, 2009)
Larcan, Alain, and Ferrandis, Jean-Jacques, Le Service de santé aux armées pendant la Première Guerre Mondiale (Paris: Editions LBM, 2008)
Loez, André, and Mariot, Nicolas (eds), Obéir/désobéir: Les mutineries de 1917 en perspective (Paris: Editions La Découverte, 2008)
Prost, Antoine, ‘Compter les vivants et les morts: l’évaluation des pertes françaises de 1914–1918’, Le Mouvement Social 222 (2008), 41–60
Prost, Antoine, ‘Quelle mémoire pour les fusillés de 1914–1918? Un point de vue historien’ (Ministère des anciens combattants, 2013) at (accessed on 28 January 2014)
Allies and the enemy
Bariéty, Jacques, Les Relations franco-allemandes: Après la Première Guerre Mondiale 10 novembre 1918–10 janvier 1925 de l’exécution à la négotiation (Paris: Editions Pedone, 1977)
Becker, Jean-Jacques, and Krumeich, Gerd, La Grande Guerre: Une histoire franco-allemande (Paris: Tallandier, 2008)
Bruce, Robert B., A Fraternity of Arms: America and France in the Great War (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2003)
Cappellano, Filippo, ‘Les relations entre les armées italienne et française pendant la Grande Guerre’, RHA 250 (2008), 53–65
Cloarec, Vincent, La France et la question de Syrie (1914–1918) (Paris: CNRS Editions, 2010 [1988])
Greenhalgh, Elizabeth, ‘“Parade-ground soldiers”: French Army Assessments of the British on the Somme in 1916’, Journal of Military History 63: 2 (1999), 283–312
Heimburger, Franziska, Une Mésentente cordiale? Les langues et la coalition alliée sur le front de l’ouest de la Première Guerre mondiale (PhD thesis in process)
Kempshall, Chris, Unwilling Allies? : Tommy–Poilu Relations on the Western Front 1914–1918 (PhD thesis, University of Sussex, 2013)
La France et l’Italie pendant la Première Guerre Mondiale [Proceedings of conference held in Grenoble, September 1973] (Grenoble: Presses universitaires de Grenoble, 1976)
Le Moal, Frédéric, La France et l’Italie dans les Balkans, 1914–1919 (Paris: L’Harmattan, 2006)
Le Moal, Frédéric, La Serbie du martyre à la victoire 1914–1918 (Saint-Cloud: SOTECA 14–18 Editions, 2008)
Meteling, Wencke, Ehre, Einheit, Ordnung: Preußische und französische Regimenter und ihre Städte im Krieg, 1870/71 und 1914–1919 (Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2010)
Mitrakos, Alexander S., France in Greece during World War I: A study in the politics of power (Boulder, CO: East European Quarterly, 1982)
Nicot, Jean, ‘Perception des Alliés par les combattants en 1918 d’après les archives du contrôle postal’, RHA (1988/3), 45–53
Sinanoglou, Ionannis, France looks Eastward: Perspectives and policies in Russia, 1914–1918 (PhD thesis, Columbia University, 1974)
Torrey, Glenn E., Romania and World War I: A collection of studies (Iasi/Portland, OR: Center for Romanian Studies, 1999)
Torrey, Glenn E., Henri Matthias Berthelot: Soldier of France, defender of Romania (Iasi/Oxford: Center for Romanian Studies, 2001)
Torrey, Glenn E., The Romanian Battlefront in World War I (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2011)

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