Published and Secondary Sources
Abou-El-Haj, R. A. (1991a). Formation of the Modern State: The Ottoman Empire, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Abou-El-Haj, R. A. (1991b). Power and Social Order: The Uses of the Kanun. In Preziosi, D. and Abou-El-Haj, R.A. (eds.). The Ottoman City and Its Parts: Urban Structure and Social Order (pp. 77–99). New Roschelle and New York: A.D. Caratzas.
Abu Nimer, M. (1996). Conflict Resolution Approaches: Western and Middle Eastern Lessons and Possibilities. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 55 (1), 35–52.
Agmon, I. (1996). Muslim Women in Court according to the Sijill of Late Ottoman Jaffa and Haifa: Some Methodological Notes. In Sonbol, A. E.-A. (ed.), Women, Family and Divorce Laws in Islamic Society (pp. 126–40). Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
Agmon, I. (1998). Women, Class, and Gender: Muslim Jaffa and Haifa at the Turn of the 20th Century. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 30 (4), 477–500.
Agmon, I. (2004a). Social Biography of a Late Ottoman Shari’a Judge. New Perspectives on Turkey, 30, 83–113.
Agmon, I. (2004b). Women’s History and Ottoman Sharia Court Records: Shifting Perspectives in Social History. Hawwa, 2 (2), 171–209.
Agmon, I. (2006). Family and Court: Legal Culture and Modernity in Late Ottoman Palestine. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
Agmon, I., and Shahar, I. (2008). Introduction to the Theme Issue: Shifting Perspectives in the Study of Shari’a Courts: Methodologies and Paradigms. Islamic Law and Society, 15 (1), 1–19.
Ainsworth, W. F. (1842). Travels and Researches in Asia Minor, Mesopotamia, Chaldea and Armenia (vol. 2). London: Parker.
Akdağ, M. (1974). Türkiye’nin İktisadi ve İctimai Tarihi. İstanbul: Cem Yayınevi.
Akgündüz, A. (1988). Şer’iye Sicilleri: Mahiyeti, Toplu Kataloğu ve Seçme Hükümler. 2 vols. İstanbul: Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Vakfı.
Akgündüz, A. (1990). Osmanlı Kanunnameleri ve Hukuki Tahlileri. Vol. 1. İstanbul: FEY Vakfı Yayınları.
Akiba, J. (2013). Uniformity and Diversity of Legal Practices in Late Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Anatolia: A Case Study on Missing Husband. Unpublished Paper presented at MESA Annual Meeting New Orleans, LA.
Antoun, R. (1990). Litigant Strategies in an Islamic Court in Jordan. In Dwyer, D. H. (ed.), Law and Islam in the Middle East (pp. 35–60). New York: Bergin and Garvey.
Antoun, R. T. (1980). The Islamic Court, the Islamic Judge, and the Accommodation of Traditions: A Jordanian Case Study. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 12 (4), 455–67.
Arrondel, L. and Grange, C. (2006). Transmission and Inequality of Wealth: An Empirical Study of Wealth Mobility from 1800 to 1939 in France. Journal of Economic Inequality, 4 (2), 209–32.
Aydelotte, W. O. (1966). Quantification in History. The American Historical Review, 71 (3), 803–25.
Aydelotte, W. O., Bogue, A. G., and Fogel, R. W. (1972). The Dimensions of Quantitative Research in History. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Aykan, Y. (2012). Les acteurs de la justice à Amid et dans la province du Diyarbekir d’après les sicil provinciaux du 18e siècle. Unpublished PhD dissertation. EHESS, Paris, France.
Baldwin, J. (forthcoming). Islamic Law and Empire in Ottoman Cairo. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Barbir, K. (1992). Wealth, Privilege, and Family Structure: The `Askaris of 18th Century Damascus according to the Qassam `Askari Inheritance Records. In Philipp, T. (ed.), The Syrian Land in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century: The Common and the Specific in the Historical Experience (pp. 179–95). Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag.
Barkan, Ö. L. (1943). XV ve XVIıncı Asırlarda Osmanlı İmparatorluğunda Zirai Ekonominin Hukuki ve Mali Esasları: Kanunlar. İstanbul: Burhaneddin Matbaası.
Barkan, Ö. L. (1968). Edirne Askeri Kassamına ait Tereke Defterleri (1545–1659). Belgeler, III, 1–479.
Barkey, K. (1996). Bandits and Bureaucrats: The Ottoman Route to State Centralization. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Barkey, K. (2008). Empire of Difference: The Ottomans in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Başar, F. (1997). Osmanlı Eyalet Tevcihatı (1717–1730). Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınevi.
Bayerle, G. (1997). Pashas, Begs, and Effendis: A Historical Dictionary of Titles and Terms in the Ottoman Empire. İstanbul: Isis Press.
Baykara, T. (2015). Anadolu’nun Tarihi Coǧrafyasına Giriş -1- Anadolu’nun İdari Taksimatı. 3rd edn. İstanbul: Bilge Kültür Sanat Yayınları.
Bayındır, A. (1986). İslam Muhakeme Hukuku: Osmanlı Devri Uygulaması. İstanbul: İslami İlimler Araştırma Vakfı.
Bebchuk, L. A. (1984). Litigation and Settlement under Imperfect Information. RAND Journal of Economics, 15 (3), 404–15.
Behar, C. (1996). Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun ve Türkiye’nin Nüfusu, 1500–1927: The Population of the Ottoman Empire and Turkey, 1500–1927. Ankara: T. C. Başbakanlık Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü.
Berki, A. H. (ed.) (1986). Açıklamalı Mecelle (Mecelle-i Ahkām-ı Adliyye). İstanbul: Hikmet Yayınları.
Bouckaert, B., and De Geest, G. (ed.) (2000). The History and Methodology of Law and Economics. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Bowen, J. R. (2003). Islam, Law, and Equality in Indonesia: An Anthropology of Public Reasoning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brunschvig, R. (1960). Bayyina. Encyclopedia of Islam (2nd edn., vol. 1, pp. 1150–1). Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Canbakal, H. (2005). On the Nobility of Urban Notables. In Anastasopoulos, A. (ed.), Provincial Elite in the Ottoman Empire (pp. 39–50). Rethymno: Crete University Press.
Canbakal, H. (2007). Society and Politics in an Ottoman Town: ‘Ayntāb in the 17th Century. Leiden: Brill.
Canbakal, H. (2012). Wealth and Inequality in Ottoman Bursa, 1500–1840. Unpublished paper presented at Conference on New Perspectives in Ottoman Economic History. Yale University.
Canbakal, H., and Filiztekin, A. (2013). Wealth and Inequality in Ottoman Lands in the Early Modern Period. Unpublished paper presented at AALIMS – Rice University Conference on the Political Economy of the Muslim World Rice University.
Cezar, Y. (1986). Osmanlı Maliyesinde Bunalım ve Değişim Dönemi: XVIII. yy’dan Tanzimat’a Mali Tarih. İstanbul: Alan Yayıncılık.
Cohen, A. (1994). A World Within: Jewish Life as Reflected in Muslim Court Documents from the Sijill of Jerusalem. Pennsylvania: Centre for Judaic Studies.
Cooter, R. D., and Rubinfeld, D. L. (1989). Economic Analysis of Legal Disputes and Their Resolution. Journal of Economic Literature, 27 (3), 1067–97.
Coşgel, M. M. (2004). Ottoman Tax Registers (Tahrir Defterleri). Historical Methods, 37(2), 87–100.
Coşgel, M. M. (2005). Efficiency and Continuity in Public Finance: the Ottoman System of Taxation. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 37 (4), 567–586.
Coşgel, M. M. (2006). Taxes, Efficiency, and Redistribution: Discriminatory Taxation of Villages in Ottoman Palestine, Southern Syria, and Transjordan in the Sixteenth Century. Explorations in Economic History, 43 (2), 332–56.
Coşgel, M. M. (2011). The Political Economy of Law and Economic Development in Islamic History. In Van Zanden, J. L. and Ma, D. (eds.), Law and Long-Term Economic Change: A Eurasian Perspective (pp. 158–77). Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Coşgel, M. M. (2015). The Fiscal Regime of an Expanding State: Political Economy of Ottoman Taxation. In Monson, A., and Scheidel, W. (eds.), Fiscal Regimes and the Political Economy of Premodern States (pp. 404–28). Cambridge, United Kingdom; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Coşgel, M. M., and Ergene, B. A. (2011). Intergenerational Wealth Accumulation and Dispersion in the Ottoman Empire: Observations from Eighteenth-Century Kastamonu. European Review of Economic History, 15 (2), 255–76.
Coşgel, M. M., and Ergene, B. A. (2012). Inequality of Wealth in the Ottoman Empire: War, Weather, and Long-term Trends in Eighteenth Century Kastamonu. Journal of Economic History, 72 (2), 308–31.
Coşgel, M. M., and Ergene, B. A. (2014a). Law and Economics Literature’ and Ottoman Legal Studies. Islamic Law and Society, 21 (4), 114–44.
Coşgel, M. M., and Ergene, B. A. (2014b). Dispute Resolution in Ottoman Courts: A Quantitative Analysis of Litigations in Eighteenth Century Kastamonu. Social Science History, 38 (1–2), 183–202.
Coşgel, M. M., and Ergene, B. A. (2014c). The Selection Bias in Court Records: Settlement and Trial in Eighteenth Century Ottoman Kastamonu. Economic History Review, 67 (2), 517–34.
Cosgel, M. M., Ergene, B. A., Etkes, H., and Miceli, T. J. (2013). Crime and Punishment in Ottoman Times: Corruption and Fines. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, XLIII (3), 353–76.
Coşgel, M. M., Etkes, H., and Miceli, T. J. (2011). Private Law Enforcement, Fine Sharing, and Tax Collection: Theory and Historical Evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 80 (3), 546–52.
Coşgel, M. M., and Miceli, T. J. (2005). Risk, Transaction Costs, and Tax Assignment: Government Finance in the Ottoman Empire. Journal of Economic History, 65 (3), 806–821.
Coşgel, M. M., and Miceli, T. J. (2009). Tax Collection in History. Public Finance Review, 37 (4), 399–420.
Coşgel, M. M., Miceli, T., and Ahmed, R. (2009). Law, State Power, and Taxation in Islamic History. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 71 (3), 704–17.
Cosgel, M. M., Miceli, T. J., and Rubin, J. (2012a). The Political Economy of Mass Printing: Legitimacy and Technological Change in the Ottoman Empire. Journal of Comparative Economics, 40 (3), 357–71.
Cosgel, M. M., Miceli, T. J., and Rubin, J. (2012b). Political Legitimacy and Technology Adoption. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 168 (3), 339–61.
De Bellefonds, Y. L. (1971). Iqrār. Encyclopedia of Islam (2nd edn., vol. 3, pp. 1078–131). Leiden: E.J. Brill
Demir, A. (2010). Osmanlı Mahkemesi: Medeni Yargılama Hukuku. İstanbul: Işık Yayıncılık.
Dörtok Abacı, Z. (2006). Bir Sorun Çözme Yöntemi Olarak Sulh: 18. Yüzyıl Bursa Kadı Sicillerinden Örnekler ve Düşündürdükleri. Ankara Üniversitesi Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi, 20, 105–15.
Dupret, B. (2006). The Practice of Judging. In Masud, M. K. et al. (eds.), Dispensing Justice in Muslim Courts: Qadis, Procedures and Judgments (pp. 143–68). Leiden, Boston: Brill.
Duxbury, N. (1995). Patterns of American Jurisprudence. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Düzbakar, Ö. (2009). Bribery in Islam-Ottoman Penal Codes and Examples from the Bursa Shari’a Court Records of 18th Century. Bilig (51), 55–84.
Eisenberg, T. (1990). Testing the Selection Effect – A New Theoretical Framework with Empirical Tests. Journal of Legal Studies, 19, 337–58.
Eisenberg, T., and Lanvers, C. (2009). What is the Settlement Rate and Why Should We Care? Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 6 (1), 111–46.
El-Nahal, G. H. (1979). The Judicial Administration of Ottoman Egypt in the Seventeenth Century. Minneapolis and Chicago: Bibliotheca Islamica.
Ergene, B. A. (2001). On Ottoman Justice: Interpretations in Conflict (1600–1800). Islamic Law and Society, 8 (1), 52–87.
Ergene, B. A. (2002). Costs of Court Usage in Seventeenth-and Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Anatolia: Court Fees as Recorded in Estate Inventories. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 45 (1), 20–39.
Ergene, B. A. (2003). Local Court, Provincial Society and Justice in the Ottoman Empire: Legal Practice and Dispute Resolution in Çankırı and Kastamonu (1652–1744). Boston and Leiden: Brill
Ergene, B. A. (2004). Evidence in Ottoman Courts: Oral and Written Documentation in Early-Modern Courts of Islamic Law. Journal of American Oriental Society, 124 (3), 471–91.
Ergene, B. A. (2005). Document Use in Ottoman Courts of Law: Observations from the Sicils of Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Çankırı and Kastamonu. Turcica, 37, 83–111.
Ergene, B. A. (2008). Social Identity and Patterns of Interaction in the Sharia Court of Kastamonu (1740–44). Islamic Law and Society, 15 (1), 20–54.
Ergene, B. A. (2010). Why Did Ümmü Gülsüm Go to Court? Ottoman Legal Practice between History and Anthropology. Islamic Law and Society, 17 (2), 215–44.
Ergene, B. A., and Berker, A. (2008). Wealth and Inequality in 18th-century Kastamonu: Estimations for the Muslim Majority. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 40 (1), 23–46.
Ergene, B. A., and Kaygun, A. (2011). Intergenerational Mobility in the in the Ottoman Empire: Observations from Eighteenth-Century Kastamonu. The History of the Family, 16 (1), 30–46.
Ergene, B. A., and Kaygun, A. (2012). Spouse Selection and Marital Mobility in the Ottoman Empire: Observations from Eighteenth-Century Kastamonu. Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History, 45 (1), 3–20.
Ergene, B. A., Kaygun, A., and Coşgel, M. M. (2013). A Temporal Analysis of Wealth and Inequality in Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Empire. Continuity and Change, 28 (1), 1–26.
Establet, C., and Pascual, J.-P. (1994). Familles et fortunes `a Damas: 450 foyers damascains en 1700. Damascus: Institut français de Damas.
Establet, C., and Pascual, J.-P. (2011). La gent d’état dans la société ottomane damascène: les ‘askar à la fin du XVIIe siècle. Paris: Institut français du Proche-Orient.
Establet, C., Pascual, J.-P., and Raymond, A. (1994). La mesure de l’inégalité dans la société ottomane: utilisation de l’indice de Gini pour Le Caire et Damas vers 1700. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 37 (2), 171–82.
Eyüpgiller, K. K. (1999). Bir Kent Tarihi: Kastamonu. İstanbul Eren Yayınları.
Farge, A. (1989). Le goût de l’archive. Paris: Le Seuil.
Faroqhi, S. (1984). Towns and Townsmen of Ottoman Anatolia: Trade, Crafts and Food Production in an Urban Setting, 1520–1650. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Faroqhi, S. (1992). Anatolian Townsmen as Pilgrims to Mecca: Some Evidence from the XVIth–XVIIth centuries. In Veinstein, G. (ed.), Soliman le Magnifique et son temps: Recontres de l’École du Louvre (pp. 309–325). Paris: La Documentation Française.
Faroqhi, S. (2006). Declines and Revivals in Textile Production. In Faroqhi, S. (ed.), The Cambridge History of Turkey: The Later Ottoman Empire, 1603–1839 (vol. 3). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fadel, M. (1995). Adjudication in the Maliki Madhhab: A Study of Legal Process in Medieva Islamic Law. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Chicago.
Fodor, P. (2009). Fur of Lynx and Arable Land: The Wealth of an Ottoman Tax Farmer in Early Seventeenth Century. Oriens, 37, 191–208.
Fogel, R. W. (1964). Railroads and American Economic Growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fogel, R. W., and Elton, G. L. (1983). Which Road to the Past? New Haven: Yale University Press.
Genç, M. (1973). Osmanlı Maliyesinde Malikane Sistemi. In Okyar, O. and Nalbantoğlu, Ü. (eds.), Türkiye İktisat Tarihi Semineri: Metinler/Tartışmalar (pp. 231–91). Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları.
Genç, M. (1994). Ottoman Industry in the Eighteenth Century: General Framework, Characteristics, and Main Trends. In Quataert, D. (ed.), Manufacturing in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey, 1500–1950. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Gerber, H. (1981). Sharia, Kanun, and Custom in the Ottoman Law: The Court Records of 17th Century Bursa. International Journal of Turkish Studies, 2 (1), 131–47.
Gerber, H. (1988). Economy and Society in an Ottoman City: Bursa, 1600–1700. Jerusalem: The Hebrew University Press.
Gerber, H. (1994). State, Society, and Law in Islam: Ottoman Law in Comparative Perspective. Albany: SUNY Press.
Ghazzal, Z. (1996). Review of Familles et Fortunes à Damas: 450 Foyers Damascains en 1700 by Colette Establet; Jean-Paul Pascual. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 28 (3), 431–2.
Ghazzal, Z. (1998). A Reply to André Raymond. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 30 (3), 474–5.
Ghazzal, Z. (2007). The Grammars of Adjudication: The Economics of Judicial Decision Making in Fin-de-siecle Ottoman Beirut and Damascus. Beirut: Institut Français du Proche-Orient.
Ginio, E. (1998). The Administration of Criminal Justice in Ottoman Selanik (Salonica) during the Eighteenth Century. Turcica, 30, 185–209.
Göçek, M. (2005). The Legal Recourse of Minorities in History: Eighteenth Century Appeals to the Islamic Court of Galata. Princeton Papers, (12), 47–69.
Gökçe, T. (1994a). Anadolu Vilayeti’ne Dâir 919 (1513) Tarihli Bir Kadı Defteri. Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, 9, 215–59.
Gökçe, T. (1994b). 934 (1528) Tarihli Bir Deftere Göre Anadolu Vilayeti Kadılıkları ve Kadıları. In Aka-Turan, İ. (ed.), 3 Mayıs 1944 50. Yıl Türkçülük Armağanı Akademik Kitabı (pp. 77–94). İzmir: Akademi Kitabevi.
Gradeva, R. (1997). Orthodox Christians in the Kadı Courts: The Practice of Sofia Sheriat Court, Seventeenth Century. Islamic Law and Society, 4 (1), 37–69.
Gradeva, R. (2005). Towards a Portrait of ‘the Rich’in Ottoman Provincial Society: Sofia in the 1670s. In Anastasopoulos, A. (ed.), Provincial elite in the Ottoman Empire (pp. 147–97). Rethymno: Crete University Press.
Gradeva, R. (2006). On Judicial Hierarchy in the Ottoman Empire: The Case of Sofia, Seventeenth – Beginning of Eighteenth Century. In Masud, M. K., et al. (eds.), Dispensing Justice in Islam: Qadis and Their Judgments (pp. 271–98). Leiden: Brill.
Grossman, G. M., and Katz, M. L. (1983). Plea Bargaining and Social Welfare. American Economic Review, 73 (4), 749–57.
Hallaq, W. (1995). Model Shurut Works and the Dialectic of Doctrine and Practice. Islamic Law and Society, 2 (2), 109–34.
Hallaq, W. (1998). The Qadi’s Diwan (Sijill) before the Ottomans. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 61 (3), 415–36.
Hallaq, W. (1999). Qadi’s Communicating: Legal Change and the Law of Documentary Evidence. Al-Qantara, 20 (2), 437–66.
Halebi, İ. (n.d.). İslam Fıkhında Tahkikli ve Tahriçli el-Hidaye Tercemesi. Meylani, A., trans. İstanbul: Kahraman Yayınları.
Hanna, N. (1995). Administration of Courts in Ottoman Cairo. In Hanna, N. (ed.), The State and Its Servants (pp. 44–59). Cairo: American University Press.
The Hedaya or Guide: A Commentary on the Mussulman Laws. (1982). Hamilton, C., trans. Delhi: Islamic Book Trust.
Heyd, U. (1969). Some Aspects of the Ottoman Fetva. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 32 (1), 35–56.
Heyd, U. (1973). Studies in Old Ottoman Criminal Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Heywood, C. (1978). Kastamonu. Encyclopedia of Islam (2nd edn., vol. 4, pp. 738). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Hill, E. (1979). Mahkama! Studies in the Egyptian Legal System: Courts and Crimes, Law and Society. London: Ithaca.
Hirsch, S. (1998). Pronouncing and Persevering: Gender and the Discourses of Disputing in an African Islamic Court. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hourani, A. (1981). The Emergence of the Modern Middle East. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hudson, P. (2000). History by Numbers: An introduction to Quantitative Approaches. London: Hodder Arnold Publication.
Hüsrev, M. (1980). Gürer ve Dürer Tercümesi (Islam Fıkhı ve Hukuku). Erkan, A., trans. İstanbul: Eser Neşriyat.
Ianeva, S. (2009). Financing the State? Tax-farming as a Source of Individual Wealth in the Nineteenth Century. Oriens, 37, 209–24.
Issawi, C. P. (1966). The Economic History of the Middle East, 1800–1914. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
İnalcık, H. (1977). Centralization and Decentralization in Ottoman Administration. In Naff, T. and Owen, R. (eds.), Studies in Eighteenth Century Islamic History (pp. 27–52). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
İnalcık, H. (1978a). Ḳānūn. Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd edn. vol. 4, 558–62). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
İnalcık, H. (1978b). Ḳānūnnāme. Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd edn. vol. 4, 562–66). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
İnalcık, H. (1986). Mahkama. Encyclopedia of Islam (2nd edn., vol. 6). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
İnalcık, H. (1988a). Şikayet Hakkı: `Arz-ı Hal ve `Arz-ı Mahzarlar. Osmanlı Araştırmaları, 7–8, 33–45.
İnalcık, H. (1988b). The Ruznamçe Registers of the Kadıasker of Rumeli as Preserved in the İstanbul Müftülük Archives. Turcica, 20, 251–75.
İpşirli, M. (1992). Beylerberi. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (vol. 6, pp. 69–74). İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları.
İpşirli, M. (1991). Aşir Efendi. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslam Ansiklopedisi (vol. 4, pp. 7–8). İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları.
İslamoǧlu-İnan, H. (1994). State and Peasant in the Ottoman Empire: Agrarian Power Relations and Regional Economic Development in Ottoman Anatolia during the Sixteenth Century. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Jennings, R. C. (1975). Women in Early 17th Century Ottoman Judicial Records: The Sharia Court of Anatolian Kayseri. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 18 (1), 53–114.
Jennings, R. C. (1978a). Kadi, Court, and Legal Procedure in 17th C. Ottoman Kayseri: The Kadi and the Legal System. Studia Islamica, 48, 133–72.
Jennings, R. C. (1978b). Zimmis (Non-Muslims) in Early 17th Century Ottoman Judicial Records: The Sharia Court of Anatolian Kayseri. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 21 (3), 225–93.
Jennings, R. C. (1979). Limitations of the Judicial Powers of the Kadi in 17th c. Ottoman Kayseri. Studia Islamica, 50, 151–84.
Jennings, R. C. (1992). Christians and Muslims in Ottoman Cyprus and the Mediterranean world, 1571–1640. New York: NYU Press.
Johansen, B. (1997). Formes de langage et fonctions publiques: stéréotypes, témoins et offices dans la preuve par l’écrit en droit musulman. Arabica, 44 (3), 333–76.
Jolls, Christine, Sunstein, Cass R., and Thaler, Richard H. (2000). “A Behavioral Approach to Law and Economics.” In Sunstein, Cass R. (ed), Behavioral Law and Economics (pp. 13–58). Cambridge Series on Judgment and Decision Making; Cambridge; New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
Kahneman, D. and Tversky, A. (1984). Choices, Values, and Frames American Psychologist, 39 (4), 341–50.
Kahneman, Daniel, Slovic, Paul, and Tversky, Amos (1982). Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kaldy-Nagy, G. (1978). Kadi. Encyclopedia of Islam (2nd edn., vol. 4, pp. 373–5). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Kankal, A. (2004). Türkmen’in Kaidesi Kastamonu (XV-XVIII. Yüzyıllar Arası Şehir Hayatı). Ankara: Zafer Matbaası.
Kaplow, L. (2012). Burden of Proof. Yale Law Journal, 121 (4), 738–859.
Karadeniz, F. (1996). “Complaints against the Kadis and Abuses of Their Authority.” Unpublished M.A. Thesis. Ankara: Bilkent University.
Karagöz, M. (2009). XVII. ve XVIII. Asırlarda (1650–1750) Kayseri: İktisat Tarihinde Şehir İktisadiyatı Denemesi. Fırat University Journal of Social Science, 19 (1), 259–79.
Kasaba, R. (1988). The Ottoman Empire and the World Economy: The Nineteenth Century. Albany: SUNY Press.
Katip, Çelebi (2013). The Book of Cihannüma. İstanbul: Boyut Yayıncılık.
Kerkmeester, H. (2000). Methodology: General. In Bouckaert, B. and De Geest, G. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, Volume I. The History and Methodology of Law and Economics (pp. 383–401). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Kessler, D., Meites, T., and Miller, G. (1996). Explaining Deviations from the Fifty-Percent Rule: A Multimodal Approach to the Selection of Cases for Litigation. Journal of Legal Studies, 25 (1), 233–59.
Kessler, D. P., and Rubinfeld, D. L. (2007). Empirical Study of the Civil Justice System. In Shavell, A. M. P. a. S. (ed.), Handbook of Law and Economics (vol. I, pp. 343–402). Oxford: Elsevier B.V.
Kinneir, J. M. (1818). Journey Through Asia Minor, Armenia and Koordistan, in the Years 1813 and 1814; With Remarks on the Marches of Alexander and Retreat of the Ten Thousand. London: John Murray.
Klerman, D. (2012). The Selection of 13th-Century Disputes for Litigation. Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, 9 (2), 320–46.
Kousser, J. M. (1984). The Revivalism of Narrative: A Response to Recent Criticisms of Quantitative History. Social Science History, 8 (2), 133–49.
Kunt, I. M. (1983). The Sultan’s Servants: The Transformation of Ottoman Provincial Government, 1550–1650. New York: Columbia University Press.
Kuran, T., and Lustig, S. (2012). Judicial Biases in Ottoman İstanbul: Islamic Justice and Its Compatibility with Modern Economic Life. Journal of Law and Economics, 55 (3), 631–66.
Landes, W. M. (1971). An Economic Analysis of the Courts. Journal of Law and Economics, 14 (1), 61–107.
Layish, A. (1975). Women and Succession in the Muslim Family in Israel. New Jersey: Transaction Books.
Layish, A. (1991). Divorce in the Libyan Family: A Study Based on the Sijills of the Sharia Courts of Ajdābiyya and Kufra. New York: New York University Press
Lewis, B. (1958). Some Reflections on the Decline of the Ottoman Empire. Studia Islamica, 9, 111–27.
Ma, D., and van Zanden, J. L. (ed.) (2011). Law and Long-Term Economic Change: A Eurasian Perspective: Stanford: Stanford University Press, Stanford Economics and Finance.
MacGowan, B. (1981). Economic Life in Ottoman Europe: Taxation, Trade and the Struggle for Land, 1600–1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
MacKaay, E. (2000). History of Law and Economics. In Bouckaert, B. and De Geest, G. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Law and Economics, Volume I. The History and Methodology of Law and Economics (pp. 63–117). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Maden, F. (2007). XVIII. Yüzyıl Sonu, XIX. Yüzyıl Başlarında Kastamonu’da Esnaf Grupları: Zanaatkarlar ve Ticari Faaliyetler. Karadeniz Araştırmaları, 15, 149–67.
Maden, F. (2012). XVIII. Yüzyılın Sonlarında Kastamonu. İstanbul: Roza Yayınları.
Mallon, F. E. (1994). The Promise and Dilemma of Subaltern Studies: Perspectives from Latin American History. The American Historical Review, 99 (4), 1491–515.
Marcus, A. (1989). The Middle East on the Eve of Modernity: Aleppo in the 18th Century. New York: Columbia University Press.
Mattei, U. (1997). Three Patterns of Law: Taxonomy and Change in the World’s Legal Systems. American Journal of Comparative Law, 45 (1), 5–44.
McCarthy, J. (1997). The Ottoman Turks: An Introductory History to 1923. London and New York: Longman.
Süreyya, Mehmed (1996). Sicill-i Osmani. 6 volumes. İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
Mercuro, N., and Medema, S. G. (2006). Economics and the Law: From Posner to Postmodernism and Beyond: 2nd edn. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.
Merginani, B. E. l. H. A. b. E. B. (1986). İslam Fıkhında Tahkikli ve Tahriçli el-Hidaye Tercemesi. Meylani, A., trans. İstanbul: Kahraman Yayınları.
Meshal, R. (2010). Antagonistic Sharī‘as and the Construction of Orthodoxy in Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Cairo. Journal of Islamic Studies, 21 (2), 183–212.
Meshal, R. (2014). Shaira and the Making of the Modern Egyptian: Islamic Law and Custom in the Courts of Ottoman Cairo. Cairo and New York: American University in Cairo Press.
Messick, B. (1993). The Calligraphic State; Textual Domination and History in a Muslim Society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Messick, B. (2008). Legal Narratives from Shari’a Courts. In Dupret, B., Driskens, B. and Moors, A. (eds.), Narratives of Truth in Islamic Law (pp. 51–68). London: I.B. Tauris.
Miceli, T. J. (2009). The Economic Approach to Law. 2nd edn. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford Economics and Finance.
Miceli, T. J. (2014). Economic Models of Law. University of Connecticut Working Paper.
Miller, R. (2005). Legislating Authority: Sin and Crime in the Ottoman Empire and Turkey. New York and London: Routledge.
Mir-Hosseini, Z. (2000). Marriage on Trial: A Study of Islamic Family Law. London: I.B. Tauris.
Moors, A. (1995). Women, Property and Islam: Palestinian Experiences, 1920–1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mutaf, A. (2004). Amicable Settlement in Ottoman Law: Sulh System. Turcica, 36, 125–40.
Nader, L. (1969). Styles of Court Procedure: To Make the Balance. In Nader, L. (ed.), Law in Culture and Society (pp. 69–91). Chicago: Aldine.
Nielsen, J. (1985). Secular Justice in an Islamic State: Maẓālim under the Baḥrī mamlūks 662/1264-789/1387. Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-archaeologisch Instituut.
Othman, A. (2005). And Sulh is Best: Amicable Settlement and Dispute Resolution in Islamic Law. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. Harvard University, Cambridge, USA.
Othman, A. (2007). “And Amicable Settlement Is Best”: Ṣulḥ and Dispute Resolution in Islamic Law. Arab Law Quarterly, 21 (1), 64–90.
Özel, O. (2004). Population Changes in Ottoman Anatolia during the 16th and 17th Centuries: The “Demographic Crisis” Reconsidered. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 36 (2), 183–205.
Özkaya, Y. (1985). XVIII. Yüzyılda Osmanlı Kurumları ve Osmanlı Toplum Yaşantısı. Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı Yayınları.
Özmucur, S., and Pamuk, S. (2002). Real Wages and Standards of Living in the Ottoman Empire, 1489–1914. The Journal of Economic History, 62 (2), 293–321.
Pamuk, S. (2000). A Monetary History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pamuk, S. (2004). Institutional Change and the Longevity of the Ottoman Empire, 1500–1800. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 35 (2), 225–47.
Peters, R. (1997). Shahid. Encyclopedia of Islam (2nd edn., vol. 9, pp. 297–8). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Peters, R. (2005). Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law: Theory and Practice from the Sixteenth to the Twenty-First Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Peirce, L. (2003). Morality Tales: Law and Gender in the Ottoman Court of Aintab. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Peletz, M. G. (2002). Islamic Modern: Religious Courts and Cultural Politics in Malaysia. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Pitcher, D. E. (1972). An Historical Geography of the Ottoman Empire, from Earliest Times to the End of the Sixteenth Century. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
Posner, R. A. (1973). Economic Analysis of Law. Boston: Little Brown and Company.
Powers, D. S. (1994). Kadijustiz or Qadi-Justice? A Paternity Dispute from Fourteenth-Century Morocco. Islamic Law and Society, 1 (3), 332–66.
Powers, D. S. (2002). Law, Society and Culture in the Maghrib, 1300–1500. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Priest, G. L., and Klein, B. (1984). The Selection of Disputes for Litigation. The Journal of Legal Studies, 13 (1), 1–55.
Al-Qattan, N. (1996). Textual Differentiation in the Damascus Sijill: Religious Discrimination or Politics of Gender. In Sonbol, A. (ed.), Women, the Family, and Divorce Laws in Islamic History (pp. 191–201). Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
Al-Qattan, N. (1999). Dhimmis in the Muslim Court: Legal Autonomy and Religious Discrimination. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 31 (3), 429–44.
Rabb, T. K. (1981). Coherence, Synthesis, and Quality in History. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 12 (2), 315–32.
Rabb, T. K. (1983). The Development of Quantification in Historical Research. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 13, 591–601.
Raymond, A. (1998). A Response to Zouhair Ghazzal’s Review of Colette Establet and Jean-Paul Pascual, Familles et fortunes à Damas: 450 foyers damascains en 1700. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 30 (3), 473–4.
Raymond, A. (2000). Cairo. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Reilly, J. A. (1992). Property, Status, and Class in Ottoman Damascus: Case Studies from the Nineteenth Century. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 112 (1), 9–21.
Repp, R. (1988). Qanun and Shari‘a in the Ottoman Context. In Al-Azmeh, A. (ed.) Islamic Law: Social and Historical Contexts (pp. 124–45). London: Routledge.
Roded, R. (1984). Ottoman Service as a Vehicle for the Rise of New Upstarts among the Urban Elite Families of Syria in the Last Decades of Ottoman Rule. In Warburg, G. R. and Gilbar, G. G. (eds.), Studies in Islamic Society: Contributions in Memory of Gabriel Baer. Haifa: Haifa University Press.
Roded, R. (1986). Social Patterns among the Urban Elite in Syria in the Late Ottoman Period. In Kushnered, D. (ed.), Palestine in the Late Ottoman Period (pp. 146–71). Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi.
Rosen, L. (1984). Bargaining for Reality: The Construction of Social Relations in a Muslim Community. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Rosen, L. (1990). The Anthropology of Justice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rosen, L. (1995). Law and Custom in the Popular Legal Culture of North Africa. Islamic Law and Society, 2 (2), 194–208.
Rosen, L. (2000). The Justice of Islam: Comparative Perspectives on Islamic Law and Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Rubin, A. (2007). Legal Borrowing and Its Impact on Ottoman Legal Culture in the Late Nineteenth Century. Continuity and Change, 22 (2), 279–303.
Rubin, A. (2008). Judicial Change in the Age of Modernity: A Reappraisal. History Compass, 7 (1), 119–40.
Rubin, A. (2011). Ottoman Nizamiye Courts: Law and Modernity. New York: Palgrave MacMillan.
Rubin, A. (2012). From Legal Representation to Advocacy: Attorneys and Clients in the Ottoman Nizamiye Courts. International Journal of Middle East Studies. 44 (1), 111–27.
Şahin, B. (2009). Osmanlı’dan Cumhuriyet’e Kastamonu Nüfusu. Akademik Bakış, 17, 1–10.
Saler, M. (2006). Modernity and Enchantment: A Historiographic Review. The American Historical Review, 111 (3), 692–716.
Salzmann, A. (1993). An Ancien Regime Revisited: “Privatization” and Political Economy in the Eighteenth-Century Ottoman Empire. Politics and Society, 21 (4), 393–423.
Salzmann, A. (1995). Measures of Empire: Tax Farmer and the Ottoman Ancien Régime, 1695–1807. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. Columbia University, New York, USA.
Salzmann, A. (2004). Tocqueville in the Ottoman Empire: Rival Paths to the Modern State. Leiden: Brill.
Sartori, P. (2011a). The Birth of a Custom: Nomads, Sharīʿa Courts and Established Practices in the Tashkent Province, ca. 1868–1919. Islamic Law and Society, 18 (3), 293–326.
Sartori, P. (2011b). The Evolution of Third-Party Mediation in Sharīʿa Courts in 19th- and early 20th-century Central Asia. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 54 (3), 311–52.
Schatkowski Schilcher, L. (1985). Families in Politics: Damascene Factions and Estates of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Wiesbaden: F. Steiner.
Scheele, J. (2010). Councils without Customs, Qadis without States: Property and Community in the Algerian Touat. Islamic Law and Society, 17 (3), 350–74.
Schneider, M. A. (1993). Culture and Enchantment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Scott, J. (2000). Rational Choice Theory. In Browning, G., Halcli, A. and Webster, F. (eds.), Understanding Contemporary Society: Theories of the Present (pp. 126–38). London: Sage Publications.
Shaham, R. (1994). Judicial Divorce at the Wife’s Initiative: The Sharīʿa Courts of Egypt, 1920–1955. Islamic Law and Society, 1 (2), 217–57.
Shaham, R. (1997). Family and the Courts in Modern Egypt: A Study Based on Decisions by the Sharīʻa Courts, 1900–1955. Leiden: Brill.
Shahar, I. (2006). Practicing Islamic Law in a Legal Pluralistic Environment: The Changing Face of a Muslim court in Present-Day Jerusalem. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel.
Shavell, S. (1982). Suit, Settlement, and Trial – A Theoretical-Analysis under Alternative Methods for the Allocation of Legal Costs. Journal of Legal Studies, 11 (1), 55–81.
Shavell, S. (1996). Any Frequency of Plaintiff Victory at Trial Is Possible. Journal of Legal Studies, 25 (2), 493–501.
Sicillat-ı Şer’iyye ve Zabt-ı Deavi Cerideleri Hakkında Talimat (1874). Düstur1. Vol. 4. 15 Zilhicce 1290/3 February 1874, 83–5.
Siegelman, P., and Waldfogel, J. (1999). Toward a Taxonomy of Disputes: New Evidence through the Prism of the Priest/Klein Model. Journal of Legal Studies, 28 (1), 101–30.
Simon, H. A. (1957). Models of Man: Social and Rational; Mathematical Essays on Rational Human Behavior in a Social Setting. New York: Wiley.
Spier, K. E. (2007). Litigation. In Shavell, A. M. P. a. S. (ed.), Handbook of Law and Economics (vol. I, pp. 259–342). Oxford: Elsevier B.V.
Stiles, E. E. (2006). Broken Edda and Marital Mistakes: Two Recent Disputes form an Islamic Court in Zanzibar. In Masud, M. K. et al. (eds.), Dispensing Justice in Islam: Qadis and Their Judgments (pp. 95–116). Leiden: Brill.
Stiles, E. E. (2009). An Islamic Court in Context: An Ethnographic Study of Judicial Reasoning. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Tabakoğlu, A. (1985). Gerileme Dönemine Girerken Osmanlı Maliyesi. İstanbul: Dergâh Yayınları.
Tak, E. (2009). Diplomatik Bilimi Bakımından XVI.-XVII. Yüzyıl Kadı Sicilleri ve Bu Sicillerin İhtiva Ettiği Belge Türlerinin Form Özellikleri Ve Tanımlanması. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. Marmara University, İstanbul Turkey.
Tamdoǧan, I. (2008). Sulh and the 18th Century Ottoman Courts of Üsküdar and Adana. Islamic Law and Society, 15 (1), 55–83.
Tekgül, N. (2012). Comments on Ottoman Provincial Courts in the Classical Period. Unpublished paper presented at La justice dans la société Ottomane: institutions, acteurs et practiques (16ème – 18ème siecles). İstanbul.
Tezcan, B. (2012). The Second Ottoman Empire: Political and Social Transformation in the Early Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Tucker, J. (1998). In the House of Law: Gender and Islamic Law in Ottoman Syria and Palestine. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Tucker, J. (1991). Ties that Bound: Women and Family in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Nablus. In Keddie, N. and Baron, B. (Eds.), Women in Middle Eastern History (pp. 233–53). New Haven: Yale University Press.
Tülüveli, G. (2005). Honorific Titles in Ottoman Parlance: A Reevaluation. International Journal of Turkish Studies, 11 (1–2), 17–28.
Tyan, E. (1960). `Adl. Encyclopedia of Islam (2nd edn., vol. 1, pp. 209–210). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Tyan, E. (1965a). Da‘wā. Encyclopedia of Islam (2nd edn., vol. 2, pp. 170–172). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Tyan, E. (1965b). Fatwā. Encyclopedia of Islam (2nd edn., vol. 2, pp. 806–807). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Ursinus, Michael (2004). Grievance Administration (Şikayet) in an Ottoman Province: The Kaymakam of Rumelia’s ‘Record Book of Complaints’ of 1781–1783. New York: Routledge Curzon.
Uzunçarşılı, İ. H. (n.d.). Naip. İslam Ansiklopedisi (vol. 9, pp. 50–2). İstanbul: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları.
Uzunçarşılı, İ. H. (1965). Osmanlı Devletinin İlmiye Teşkilâtı. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi.
Waldfogel, J. (1995). The Selection Hypothesis and the Relationship between Trial and Plaintiff Victory. Journal of Political Economy, 103 (2), 229–60.
Waldfogel, J. (1998). Reconciling asymmetric information and divergent expectations theories of litigation. Journal of Law and Economics, 41 (2), 451–476.
Weber, M. (1978). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. Vol. 3. New York: Bedminster Press.
Welchman, L. (2000). Beyond the Code: Muslim Family Law and the Shariʼa Judiciary in the Palestinian West Bank. Leiden: Brill.
White, S. (2011). The Climate of Rebellion in the Early Modern Ottoman Empire. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Wittman, D. (1985). Is the Selection of Cases for Trial Biased? Journal of Legal Studies, 14(1), 185–214.
Wittman, D. (1988). Dispute Resolution, Bargaining, and the Selection of Cases for Trial – a Study of the Generation of Biased and Unbiased Data. Journal of Legal Studies, 17 (2), 313–52.
Wooldridge, J. M. (2003). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach. 2nd edn. Cincinnati, Ohio: South-Western College Pub.
Wrigley, E. A., and Schofield, R. S. (2002). The Population History of England, 1541–1871: A Reconstruction Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Yaman, T. M. (1941). Küre Bakır Madenine Dair Vesikalar. Tarih Vesikaları, 1 (4), 266–82.
Yi, E. (2004). Guild Dynamics in Seventeenth-Century İstanbul: Fluidity and Leverage. Leiden: Brill.
Yurdakul, İ. (2008). Osmanlı İlmiye Merkez Teşkilatı’nda Reform (1826–1876). İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
Yücel, Y. (1970). XVIII. Yüzyılda Mütesellimlik Müessesesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, XXVIII (3–4), 369–85.
Zarinebaf, F. (2010). Crime and Punishment in İstanbul: 1700–1800. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Ze’evi, D. (1998). The Use of Ottoman Sharia Court Records as a Source for Middle Eastern Social History: A Reappraisal. Islamic Law and Society, 5 (1), 35–56.
Ze’evi, D. (2006). Producing Desire: Changing Sexual Discourse in the Ottoman Middle East, 1500-1900. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Ziadeh, F. J. (1990). Integrity (`Adalah) in Classical Islamic Law. In Heer, N. I. L. a. J. (Ed.) Islamic Law and Jurisprudence (pp. 73–93). Seattle: University of Washington Press.