Abbi, Anvita. 1992. Reduplication in South Asian Languages: An Areal, Typological, and Historical Study. New Delhi: Allied Publishers.
Agar, Michael. 2007. Culture blends. In Leila Monaghan and Jane E. Goodman (eds.), A Cultural Approach to Interpersonal Communication: Essential Readings. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 13–24.
Aijmer, Karin. 1997. I think – an English modal particle. In Toril Swan and Olaf Jansen Westvik (eds.), Modality in Germanic Languages: Historical and Comparative Perspectives. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1–47.
Aitchison, Jim. 1994. The Official Guide to the Sarong Party Girl. Singapore: Angsana Books.
Allan, Keith. 1986. Linguistic Meaning, vol. I. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Alsagoff, Lubna. 2007. Singlish: negotiating culture, capital and identity. In Vaish, Gopinathan and Liu (eds.), 25–45.
Alsagoff, Lubna and Ho, Chee Lick. 1998. The relative clause in colloquial Singapore English. World Englishes 17 (2), 127–38.
Ameka, Felix. 2006. ‘When I die, don’t cry’: the ethnopragmatics of ‘gratitude’ in West African languages. In Goddard (ed.), 231–66.
Ameka, Felix and Breedveld, Anneke. 2004. Areal cultural scripts for social interaction in West African communities. Intercultural Pragmatics 1 (2), 167–88.
Andrianie, Siti, Mathi, Braema and Shin Yi Tan. 1999. Living it up as a Tai-tai. The Straits Times, 7 March.
Apresjan, Juri. 2000. Systematic Lexicography. Oxford University Press.
Apte, Mahadeo L. 1968. Reduplication, Echo Formation and Onomatopoeia in Marathi. Poona: Deccan College.
Barber, Charles, Beal, Joan C. and Shaw, Philip A. 2009. The English Language: A Historical Introduction, 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press.
Barker, Chris. 2003. Paraphrase is not enough. Theoretical Linguistics 29 (3), 201–9.
Baron, Samuel. 1964. Introduction to the Dover Edition. In Theobald Boehm (trans. Dayton C. Miller), The Flute and Flute-Playing in Acoustical, Technical, and Artistic Aspects. New York: Dover.
Bastion, Arlene. 2007. Singapore in a Nutshell, 4th edition. Singapore: Prentice Hall.
Béal, Christine. 1992. Did you have a good weekend? Or why there is no such thing as a simple question in cross-cultural encounters. Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 15 (1), 23–52.
Bell, Roger T. and Ser, Larry Peng Quee. 1983. ‘To-day la?’ ‘Tomorrow lah!’; the LA particle in Singapore English. RELC Journal 14 (2), 1–18.
Besemeres, Mary and Wierzbicka, Anna. 2003. Pragmatics and cognition: the meaning of the particle lah in Singapore English. Pragmatics and Cognition 11 (1), 3–38.
Besemeres, Mary and Wierzbicka, Anna (eds.). 2007. Translating Lives: Living with Two Languages and Cultures. St Lucia: Queensland University Press.
Bhaskararao, Peri. 1977. Reduplication and Onomatopoeia in Telugu. Poona: Deccan College.
Biber, Douglas, Johansson, Stig, Leech, Geoffrey, Conrad, Susan and Finegan, Edward. 1999. Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Harlow, Essex: Longman.
Blum-Kulka, Shoshana, House, Juliane and Kasper, Gabriele (eds.). 1989. Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Bokhorst-Heng, Wendy D. 2005. Debating Singlish. Multilingua 24, 185–209.
Bokhorst-Heng, Wendy D., Rubdy, Rani, McKay, Sandra Lee and Alsagoff, Lubna. 2010. Whose English? Language ownership in Singapore’s English language debates. In Lim, Pakir and Wee (eds.), 133–55.
Bolinger, Dwight. 1989. Intonation and Its Uses: Melody in Grammar and Discourse. Stanford University Press.
Bolton, Kingsley. 2003. Chinese Englishes: A Sociolinguistic History. Cambridge University Press.
Brinton, Laurel J. 1996. Pragmatic Markers in English: Grammaticalization and Discourse Functions. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Brook, G. L. 1981. Words in Everyday Life. London: Macmillan.
Brown, Adam. 1999. Singapore English in a Nutshell: An Alphabetical Description of its Features. Singapore: Federal Publications.
Brown, Adam. 2003. English Language Myths: 30 Beliefs that Aren’t Really True. Singapore: McGraw-Hill Education (Asia).
Brown, Adam, Deterding, David and Low, Ee Ling (eds.). 2000. The English Language in Singapore: Research on Pronunciation. Singapore: Singapore Association for Applied Linguistics.
Burridge, Kate and Mulder, Jean. 1998. English in Australia and New Zealand: An Introduction to its History, Structure, and Use. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
Butler, Susan. 1992. The range of lexical items in Singapore English and the structure of dictionary entries. In Pakir (ed.), 117–38.
Carter, Ronald and McCarthy, Michael. 2006. Cambridge Grammar of English: A Comprehensive Guide. Cambridge University Press.
Caton, Charles E. 1966. On the general structure of the epistemic qualification of things said in English. Foundations of Language 2, 37–66.
Cavallaro, Francesco and Ng, Bee Chin. 2009. Between status and solidarity in Singapore. World Englishes 28 (2), 143–59.
Cavallaro, Francesco and Serwe, Stefan. 2010. Language use and language shift among the Malays in Singapore. Applied Linguistics Review 1 (1), 129–70.
Chew, Phyllis Ghim-Lian. 1999. Linguistic imperialism, globalism, and the English language. Aila [Association Internationale de Linguistique Appliquee] Review 13, 37–47.
Chew, Phyllis Ghim-Lian. 2007. Remaking Singapore: language, culture, and identity in a globalized world. In Amy B. M. Tsui and James W. Tollefson (eds.), Language Policy, Culture, and Identity in Asian Contexts, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 73–93.
Chew, Phyllis Ghim-Lian. 2011. The emergence, role, and future of the national language in Singapore. In Joshua A. Fishman and Ofelía Garcia (eds.), Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity, vol.II: The Success–Failure Continuum in Language and Ethnic Identity Efforts. New York: Oxford University Press.
Chin, Soo Fang. 1997. It’s not about being Cheena. The Straits Times, 7 December.
Chng, Huang Hoon. 2003. ‘You see me no up’: Is Singlish a problem? Language Problems & Language planning 27 (1), 45–62.
Chong, Chee Kin. 2003. Hubby gets jail for threatening to kill wife. The Straits Times, 8 May.
Chong, Terence (ed.). 2010. Management of Success: Singapore Revisited. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Chow, Clara. 2003. Singlish as it should be spoken. The Straits Times, 5 March.
Chua, Mui Hoong. 2004. Tai-tai MP? No, judge me by my work. The Straits Times, 5 November.
Cleese, John and Booth, Connie. 1989. The Complete Fawlty Towers. London: Mandarin.
Coates, Jennifer. 1983. The Semantics of the Modal Auxiliaries. London: Croom Helm.
Collins, Linda. 2007. Chilli is a burning issue with me. The Straits Times, 6 May.
The Coxford Singlish Dictionary. 2002. Singapore: Angsana Books.
Crystal, David. 1992. An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Language and Languages. Oxford: Blackwell.
Crystal, David. 2003. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press.
Deterding, David. 2007. Singapore English. Edinburgh University Press.
Deterding, David and Low, Ee Ling. 2003. A corpus-based description of particles in spoken Singapore English. In Deterding et al. (eds.), 58–84.
Deterding, David, Brown, Adam and Low, Ee Ling (eds.). 2003. English in Singapore: Research on Grammar. Singapore: McGraw Hill.
Deterding, David, Brown, Adam and Low, Ee Ling (eds.). 2005. English in Singapore: Phonetic Research on a Corpus. Singapore: McGraw Hill.
Deterding, David and Poedjosoedarmo, Gloria. 2000. To what extent can the ethnic group of young Singaporeans be identified from their speech? In Brown et al. (eds.), 1–9.
Donovan, Denis and McIntyre, Deborah. 1999. What Did I Just Say? How New Insights into Childhood Thinking Can Help You Communicate More Effectively with Your Child. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
Downing, Angela and Locke, Philip. 2006. English Grammar: A University Course, 2nd edition. London: Routledge.
Enfield, Nick (ed.). 2002. Ethnosyntax: Explorations in Grammar and Culture. Oxford University Press.
Fanon, Frantz. 1968. Black Skin, White Masks. Trans. Charles Lam Markmann. London: MacGibbon & Kee.
Farrell, Thomas S. C. and Tan, Serena Kiat Kun. 2007. Language policy, language teacher’s beliefs, and classroom practices. Applied Linguistics 29 (3), 381–403.
Finegan, Edward, Blair, David and Collins, Peter. 2002. Language: Its Structure and Use, 2nd edition. Southbank, Victoria: Thomson.
Foley, Joseph. 2001. Is English a first or second language in Singapore? In Ooi (ed.), 12–32.
Foley, J. A., Kandiah, T., Bao, Zhiming, Gupta, A. F., Alsagoff, L., Ho, Chee Lick, Wee, L., Talib, I. S. and Bokhorst-Heng, W. 1998. English in New Cultural Contexts. Singapore: Oxford University Press.
Foley, William, 1997. Anthropological Linguistics: An Introduction. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Fong, Tanya. 2004. Streetsmart girl who could fend for herself. The Straits Times, 2 November.
Fong, Vivienne. 2004. The verbal cluster. In Lim (ed.), 75–104.
Fox, Kate. 2004. Watching the English: The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
Fromkin, Victoria, Rodman, Robert and Hyams, Nina. 2003. An Introduction to Language, 7th edition. Boston: Heinle.
Fung, Heidi. 1999. Becoming a moral child: the socialization of shame among young Chinese children. Ethos 27 (2), 180–209.
Fung, Roxana Suk-Yee. 2000. Final particles in Standard Cantonese: semantic extension and pragmatic inference. PhD dissertation, Ohio State University.
Giner-Sorolla, Roger. 2012. Judging Passions: Moral Emotions in Persons and Groups. Hove: Psychology Press.
Gladkova, Anna. 2007a. The journey of self-discovery in another language. In Besemeres and Wierzbicka (eds.), 139–49.
Gladkova, Anna. 2007b. Russian emotions, attitudes and values: selected topics in cultural semantics. PhD dissertation, Australian National University.
Gladkova, Anna. 2008. Tolerance: New and traditional values in Russian in comparison with English. In Goddard (ed.), 301–29.
Goddard, Cliff. 1996. The ‘social emotions’ of Malay (Bahasa Melayu). Ethos 24 (3), 426–64.
Goddard, Cliff. 1997. Cultural values and ‘cultural scripts’ of Malay (Bahasa Melayu). Journal of Pragmatics 27, 183–201.
Goddard, Cliff. 1998. Semantic Analysis: A Practical Introduction. Oxford University Press.
Goddard, Cliff. 2000. ‘Cultural scripts’ and communicative style in Malay (Bahasa Malayu). Anthropological linguistics 42 (1), 81–106.
Goddard, Cliff. 2001. Sabar, ikhlas, setia – patient, sincere, loyal? Contrastive semantics of some ‘virtues’ in Malay and English. Journal of Pragmatics 33, 653–81.
Goddard, Cliff. 2002a. The search for the shared semantic core of all languages. In Goddard and Wierzbicka (eds.), vol. i: 5–40.
Goddard, Cliff. 2003. Thinking across languages and cultures: six dimensions of variation. Cognitive Linguistics 14: 109–40.
Goddard, Cliff. 2005. The lexical semantics of culture. Language Sciences 27, 51–73.
Goddard, Cliff. 2006a. ‘Lift your game Martina!’: deadpan jocular irony and the ethnopragmatics of Australian English. In Goddard (ed.), pp. 65–97.
Goddard, Cliff. (ed.). 2006b, Ethnopragmatics: A Fresh Approach to Discourse in Culture. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Goddard, Cliff. (ed.). 2008. Cross-Linguistic Semantics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Goddard, Cliff. 2011. Semantic Analysis: A Practical Introduction, 2nd edition. Oxford University Press.
Goddard, Cliff. 2012. ‘Early interactions’ in Australian English, American English, and English English: cultural differences and cultural scripts. Journal of Pragmatics 44, 1038–50.
Goddard, Cliff and Wierzbicka, Anna (eds.). 1994. Semantic and Lexical Universals: Theory and Empirical Findings. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Goddard, Cliff and Wierzbicka, Anna 2002a. Opening statement: meaning and universal grammar. In Goddard and Wierzbicka (eds.), vol. I, 1–3.
Goddard, Cliff and Wierzbicka, Anna 2002b. Semantic primes and universal grammar. In Goddard and Wierzbicka (eds.), vol. I, 41–85.
Goddard, Cliff and Wierzbicka, Anna (eds.), 2002c. Meaning and Universal Grammar: Theory and Empirical Findings, vols. i and ii. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Goddard, Cliff and Wierzbicka, Anna 2004. Cultural scripts: what are they and what are they good for?Intercultural Pragmatics 1 (2), 153–66.
Goddard, Cliff and Wierzbicka, Anna 2008. New semantic primes and new syntactic frames: ‘Specification be’ and ‘abstract this/it’. In Goddard (ed.), 35–57.
Gramley, Stephan and Pätzold, Kurt-Michael. 1992. A Survey of Modern English. London: Routledge.
Greenbaum, Sidney. 1996. The Oxford English Grammar. Oxford University Press.
Greenbaum, Sidney. 2000. The Oxford Reference Grammar. Oxford University Pres.
Gumperz, J. J. 1972. Sociolinguistics and communication in small groups. In J. B. Pride and Janet Holmes (eds.), Sociolinguistics: Selected Readings. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 203–24.
Gupta, Anthea Fraser. 1992a. Contact features of Singapore Colloquial English. In Kingsley Bolton and Helen Kwok (eds.), Sociolinguistics Today: International Perspectives. London: Routledge, 323–45.
Gupta, Anthea Fraser. 1992b. The pragmatic particles of Singapore colloquial English. Journal of Pragmatics 18, 31–57.
Gupta, Anthea Fraser. 1992c. Restrictive labels for a dictionary of Singapore and Malaysian English. In Pakir (ed.), 139–42.
Gupta, Anthea Fraser. 1994. The Step-Tongue: Children’s English in Singapore. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Gupta, Anthea Fraser. 2006. Epistemic modalities and the discourse particles of Singapore. In Kerstin Fischer (ed.), Approaches to Discourse Particles. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 243–63.
Gupta, Anthea Fraser. 2010. Singapore Standard English revisited. In Lim, Pakir and Wee (eds.), 57–89.
Gwee, Elisabeth. 1999. Aiyah, where’s my bottle of Axe oil? The Straits Times, 14 February.
Gwee, Monica. 1999. They fear the sell-by date. The Straits Times, 4 March.
Haegeman, Liliane. 1997. Introduction: on the interaction of theory and description in syntax. In Liliane Haegeman (ed.), The New Comparative Syntax. New York: Longman, 1–31.
Haji-Othman, Noor Azam. 2012. It’s not always English: ‘Duelling Aunties’ in Brunei Darussalam. In Rapatahana and Bunce (eds.), 175–90.
Hall, Bradford ‘J’. 2005. Among Cultures: The Challenge of Communication, 2nd edition. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
Halliday, M. A. K. 2014. Halliday’s Introduction to Functional Grammar, 4th edition, revised by Christian M. I. M. Matthiessen. Abingdon: Routledge.
Hawking, Stephen and Mlodinow, Leonard. 2010. The Grand Design. London: Bantam.
Hawking, Stephen. 2011. A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes. London: Bantam.
Hill, Michael. 2000. ‘Asian values’ as reverse Orientalism: Singapore. Asia Pacific Viewpoint 41 (2), 177–90.
Ho, Chee Lick. 1992. Words in a cultural context: term selection. In Pakir (ed.), 202–14.
Ho, Chee Lick. 2001. The cultural grounding of Singapore English. In Ooi (ed.), 102–11.
Ho, Karl. 2002. Aunties going places. The Straits Times, 24 December, L5.
Ho, Mian Lian. 1992. The semantics of some verbs of movement in Singapore English: bring/take, send, follow and fetch. In Pakir (ed.), 52–61.
Holm, John A. 1988. Pidgins and Creoles, vol. i: Theory and Structure. Cambridge University Press.
Hoye, Leo. 1997. Adverbs and Modality in English. New York: Longman.
Hübler, Axel. 1983. Understatements and Hedges in English. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Humphreys, Neil. 2001. Notes from an Even Smaller Island. Singapore: Times Books International.
Humphreys, Neil. 2003. Scribbles from the Same Island. Singapore: Times Editions.
Ide, Risako. 1998. ‘Sorry for your kindness’: Japanese interaction ritual in public discourse. Journal of Pragmatics 29, 509–29.
Jucker, Andreas H. and Ziv, Yael. 1998a. Discourse markers: introduction. In Jucker and Ziv (eds.), 1–12.
Jucker, Andreas H. and Ziv, Yael. (eds.). 1998b. Discourse Markers: Descriptions and Theory. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Kachru, Braj B. 1985. Standards, codification and sociolinguistic realism: the English language in the outer circle. In Randolph Quirk and H. G. Widdowson (eds.), English in the World. Cambridge University Press, 11–30.
Katamba, Francis. 1993. Morphology. Houndmills and London: Macmillan.
Keck, Casey Mari and Biber, Douglas. 2004. Modal use in spoken and written university registers: a corpus-based study. In Roberta Facchinetti and FrankPalmer (eds.), English Modality in Perspective: Genre Analysis and Contrastive Studies. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 3–25.
Khoo, Rosemary. 1992. The A to Z of Singapore life: the selection of lexical entries. In Pakir (ed.), 105–15.
Kirkpatrick, Andy and Saunders, Neville. 2005. The intelligibility of Singaporean English: a case study in an Australian university. In Deterding, Brown and Low (eds.), 153–62.
Kochman, Thomas. 1981. Black and White Styles in Conflict. University of Chicago Press.
Koh, Buck Song. 1996. Every Singaporean concerned about money, like Ah Beng. The Straits Times, 5 July.
Koh, Tai Ann. 2010. ‘It’s like rice on the table, it’s our common dish.’ The English language and identity in Singapore. In Chong (ed.), 536–60.
Kwan-Terry, Anna. 1978. The meaning and the source of the ‘la’ and the ‘what’ particles in Singapore English. RELC Journal 9 (2), 22–36.
Kwan-Terry, Anna. 1991. Through the looking glass: a child’s use of particles in Chinese and English and its implications on language transfer. In Anna Kwan-Terry (ed.), Child Language Development in Singapore and Malaysia. Singapore University Press, 161–83.
Kwan-Terry, Anna. 1992. Towards a dictionary of Singapore English – issues relating to making entries for particles in Singapore English. In Pakir (ed.), 62–72.
Lai, Ah Eng. 1995. Meanings of Multiethnicity: A Case-Study of Ethnicity and Ethnic Relations in Singapore. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lai, Alice Cheng, Zhang Zhi-Xue and Wang Wen-Zhong. 2000. Maternal child-rearing practices in Hong Kong and Beijing Chinese families: a comparative study. International Journal of Psychology 35 (1), 60–6.
Langacker, Ronald W. 1973. Language and Its Structure: some fundamental Linguistic Concepts, 2nd edition. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Lee, Charles. 2003. Cowboys and Dragons: Shattering Cultural Myths to Advance Chinese-American Business. Chicago: Dearborn Trade Publishing.
Lee, Kuan Yew. 2000. From Third World to First, The Singapore Story: 1965–2000. Singapore: Times Media and The Straits Times Press.
Lee-Wong, Song Mei. 2000. Politeness and Face in Chinese Culture. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Leimgruber, Jakob R. E. 2011. Singapore English. Language and Linguistics Compass 5 (1), 47–62.
Leimgruber, Jakob R. E. 2013. Singapore English: Structure, Variation and Usage. Cambridge University Press.
Leo, David. 2008. Life’s So Like Dat. Singapore: Pagesetters Services.
Leong, Laurence Wai Teng. 2010. Sexual governance and the politics of sex in Singapore. In Chong (ed.), 579–93.
Ler, Soon Lay Vivien. 2006. A relevance-theoretic approach to discourse particles in Singapore English. In Kerstin Fischer (ed.), Approaches to Discourse Particles. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 149–66.
Li, Charles N. and Thompson, Sandra A. 1987. Chinese: dialect variations and language reform. In Timothy Shopen (ed.), Languages and Their Status. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 295–335.
Li, Jin, Wang, Lianqin and Fischer, Kurt W. 2004. The organisation of Chinese shame concept. Cognition and Emotion 18 (6), 767–97.
Lim, Choon Yeoh and Wee, Lionel. 2001. Reduplication in colloquial Singapore English. In Ooi (ed.), 89–101.
Lim, Lisa. 2000. Ethnic group differences aligned? Intonation patterns of Chinese, Indian and Malay Singaporean English. In Brown et al. (eds.), 10–21.
Lim, Lisa. 2001. Ethnic group varieties of Singapore English: melody or harmony? In Ooi (ed.), 53–68.
Lim, Lisa. 2004a. Sounding Singaporean. In Lim (ed.), 19–56.
Lim, Lisa. (ed.), 2004b. Singapore English: A Grammatical Description. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Lim, Lisa. 2007. Mergers and acquisitions: on the ages and origins of Singapore English particles. World Englishes 26 (4), 446–73.
Lim, Lisa and Foley, Joseph A. 2004. English in Singapore and Singapore English. In Lim (ed.), 1–18.
Lim, Lisa, Pakir, Anne and Wee, Lionel. 2010a. English in Singapore: policies and prospects. In Lim, Pakir and Wee (eds.), 3–18.
Lim, Lisa, Pakir, Anne and Wee, Lionel. (eds.). 2010b. English in Singapore: Modernity and Management. Singapore: NUS Press.
Lim, Michelle Min Min, 1997. The Cheem essay. The Straits Times, 7 December.
Locke, John L. 1993. The Child’s Path to Spoken Language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Long, Susan. 1997a. Ah Beng. The Straits Times, 7 December.
Long, Susan. 1997b. Ah Lian resurrection. The Straits Times, 7 December.
Loong, Susan. 1998. No tai-tai despite big bucks. The Straits Times, 28 June.
Long, Susan. 1999a. 3 types looks. The Straits Times, 14 February.
Long, Susan. 1999b. Frizzy hairdos, gaudy clothes. The Straits Times, 14 February.
Low, Ee Ling and Brown, Adam. 2003. An Introduction to Singapore English. Singapore: McGraw Hill.
Low, Ee Ling and Brown, Adam. 2005. English in Singapore: An Introduction. Singapore: McGraw Hill.
Lui, John. 2008. Born to be Beng. The Straits Times, 10 September.
Luke, Kang Kwong. 1990. Utterance Particles in Cantonese Conversation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Lyons, John. 1995. Linguistic Semantics: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press.
Martin, Robert M. 1987. The Meaning of Language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Matthews, Stephen and Yip, Virginia. 1994. Cantonese: A Comprehensive Grammar. London: Routledge.
Melcher, Andrew. 2002. Unlearning Singlish: 400 Singlish-isms to Avoid. Singapore: Andrew Melcher privately published.
Moorthy, Shanti Marion and Deterding, David. 2000. Three or tree? Dental fricatives in the speech of educated Singaporeans. In Brown et al. (eds.), 76–83.
Neuliep, James W. 2012a. Intercultural Communication: A Contextual Approach. Los Angeles: Sage.
Neuliep, James W. 2012b. The relationship among intercultural communication apprehension, ethnocentrism, uncertainty reduction, and communication satisfaction during initial intercultural interaction: an extension of anxiety and uncertainty management (AUM) theory. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research 41 (1), 1–16.
Nishida, Hiroko, 2005. Cultural schema theory. In William B. Gudykunst (ed.), Theorizing about Intercultural Communication. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 401–18.
Nur Dianah Suhaimi. 2011. The ‘Aunty Killers’: their charming manners win hearts of women, especially older ones. The Straits Times, 30 April.
Ober, Robyn and Bell, Jeanie. 2012. English language as juggernaut – Aboriginal English and indigenous languages in Australia. In Rapatahana and Bunce (eds.), 60–75.
Oetzel, John G. 2009. Intercultural Communication: A Layered Approach. New York: Pearson.
Ong, Sor Fern. 1997. Die die must have. The Straits Times, 7 December.
Ooi, Vincent (ed.). 2001. Evolving Identities: The English Language in Singapore and Malaysia. Singapore: Time Academic Press.
Oon, Clarissa. 1999. Eh, Auntie. The Straits Times, 14 February.
Pakir, Anne. 1991. The range and depth of English-knowing bilinguals in Singapore. World Englishes 10 (2), 167–79.
Pakir, Anne. 1992a. Dictionary entries for discourse particles. In Pakir (ed.), 143–52.
Pakir, Anne. (ed.). 1992b. Proceedings of the Lexicography Workshop Words in a Cultural Context. Singapore: UniPress.
Palmer, F. R. 1990. Modality and the English Modals, 2nd edition. New York: Longman
Pan, Yuling. 2000. Politeness in Chinese face-to-face Interaction. Stamford: Ablex.
Park, Joseph Sung-Yul and Wee, Lionel. 2009. The three circles redux: a market-theoretic perspective on world Englishes. Applied Linguistics, 25 March, 1–18.
Paxman, Jeremy. 2007. The English. London: Penguin.
Peeters, Bert. 2000. ‘S’Engager’ vs ‘To Show Restraint’: linguistics and cultural relativity in discourse management. Susanne Niemeier and René Dirven (eds.), Evidence for Linguistic Relativity. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 193–222.
Peeters, Bert. 2004a. Tall poppies and egalitarianism in Australian discourse: from key word to cultural value. English World Wide 25, 1–25.
Peeters, Bert. 2004b. ‘Thou shalt not be a tall poppy’: describing an Australian communicative (and behavioral) norm. Intercultural Pragmatics 1, 71–92.
Peeters, Bert. (ed.). 2006. Semantic Primes and Universal Grammar: Empirical Evidence from the Romance Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Pennycook, Alastair. 1994. The Cultural Politics of English as an International Language. New York: Longman.
Pennycook, Alastair. 2012. Afterword: Could Heracles have gone about things differently? In Rapatahana and Bunce (eds.), 255–62.
Platt, John. 1987. Communicative functions of particles in Singapore English. In Ross Steel and Terry Threadgold (eds.), Language Topics, vol. i. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 391–401.
Platt, John and Ho, Mian Lian. 1989. Discourse particles in Singaporean English: Substratum influences and universals. World Englishes 8, 215–21.
Platt, John and Weber, Heidi. 1980. English in Singapore and Malaysia: Status, Features, Functions. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.
Platt, John, Weber, Heidi and Ho, Mian Lian. 1983. Singapore and Malaysia. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Platt, John, Weber, Heidi and Ho, Mian Lian. 1984. The New Englishes. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Putnam, Hilary. 1970. Is semantics possible?Metaphilosophy 1 (3), 187–201.
Quirk, Randolph and Greenbaum, Sidney. 1979. A University Grammar of English. London: Longman.
Rahman, Noorashikin Abdul. 2010. Managing labour flows: foreign talent, foreign workers and domestic help. In Chong (ed.), 199–216.
Rapatahana, Vaughan and Bunce, Pauline (eds.). 2012. English Language as Hydra: Its Impacts on Non-English Language Cultures. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Richards, Jack C. and Tay, Mary W. J. 1977. The la particle in Singapore English. In William Crewe (ed.), The English Language in Singapore. Eastern Singapore: Universities Press, 141–56.
Richards, Joan L. 2000. Angles of Reflection: Logic and a Mother’s Love. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.
Riemer, Nick. 2010. Introducing Semantics. Cambridge University Press.
Rosch, Eleanor. 1978. Principle of categorization. In Eleanor Rosch and Barbara B. Lloyd (eds), Cognition and Categorization. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 27–48.
Rubdy, Rani. 2001. Creative destruction: Singapore’s Speak Good English Movement. World Englishes 20, 341–55.
Rubdy, Rani. 2012. English and Mandarin in Singapore: Partners in crime? In Rapatahana and Bunce (eds.), 221–43.
Rutherford, William. 1998. A Workbook in the Structure of English. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Salleh, Muhammad Haji. 2012. One colonial language: one great tragic epic. English in Malaysia and beyond. In Rapatahana and Bunce (eds.), 263–75.
Sapir, Edward. 1921. Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company.
Schneider, Edgar W. 2007. Postcolonial English: Varieties around the World. Cambridge University Press.
Sharifian, Farzad. 2003. On cultural conceptualisations. Journal of Cognition and Culture 3 (3): 187–207.
Sharp, Lisa. 1994. The First 21 Years: The Singapore Zoological Gardens Story. Singapore Zoological Gardens.
Sim, Chi Yin. 2002. ‘Aunties’ meet to get ideas for business. The Straits Times, 13 March.
Sim, Chi Yin. 2003. Not just for ‘aunties’: women’s groups woo younger set. The Straits Times, 9 March.
Singh, Kushwant. 2005. Hubby accused of bashing man in wife’s flat. The Straits Times, 11 January.
Skelton, John. 1988. The care and maintenance of hedges. English Language Teaching Journal 42, 37–44.
The Speak Good English Movement Committee. 2000. Speak Well. Be Understood. Singapore: The Speak Good English Movement Committee.
Stollznow, Karen.
2003.
Whinger! Wowser! Wanker! Aussie English: Deprecatory language and the Australian ethos. Proceedings of the 2003 Conference of the Australian Linguistic Society, 1–11.
www.als.asn.au/proceedings/als2003/stollznow.pdf (Accessed August 2013)
Swales, John M. and Feak, Christine B. 2012. Academic Writing for Graduate Students: Essential Tasks and Skills, 3rd edition. Michigan University Press.
Swan, Michael. 2005. Practical English Usage, 3rd edition. Oxford University Press.
Sykes, Abdel Halim, 2010. Expanding circle accents of English. PhD thesis, University of Leicester.
Tan, Hsueh Yun. 2004. Oi! Who are you calling Auntie? The Straits Times, 2 May.
Tan, Hwee Hwee. 2002 [2001]. Mammon Inc. London: Penguin Books.
Tan, Peter K. W. and Tan, Daniel K. H. 2008. Attitudes towards non-standard English in Singapore. World Englishes 27 (3/4), 465–79.
Tan, Sumiko. 1998. Why not give change a chance. The Straits Times, 12 April.
Tanaka, Noriko, Spencer-Oatey, Helen and Cray, Ellen. 2000. ‘It’s not my fault!’: Japanese and English responses to unfounded accusations. In Helen Spencer-Oatey (ed.), Culturally Speaking: Managing Rapport through Talk across Cultures. London: Continuum, 75–97.
Tay, Ee Heng. 2004. Hubby jailed for breaching protection again. The Straits Times, 12 October.
Teo, Jasmine, Boon Rachael and Zachariah, Natasha Ann. 2009. Who are you calling auntie? Not-so-old Singaporeans are annoyed at being addressed as ‘auntie’ or ‘uncle’ by strangers. The Straits Times, 8 March.
Thompson, Sandra A. and Mulac, Anthony. 1991. A quantitative perspective on the grammaticization of epistemic parentheticals in English. In Traugott Elizabeth Closs and Bernd Heine (eds.), Approaches to Grammaticalization, vol. ii: Types of Grammatical Markers. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 313–27.
Thomson, George. 1960. The Greek Language. Cambridge: W. Heffer and Sons.
Tongue, Ray. 1979. The English of Singapore and Malaysia, 2nd edition. Singapore: Eastern Universities Press.
Travis, Catherine E. 2004. The ethnopragmatics of the diminutive in conversational Colombian Spanish. Intercultural Pragmatics 1(2), 249–74.
Travis, Catherine E. 2005. Discourse Markers in Colombian Spanish: A Study in Polysemy. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Travis, Catherine E. 2006. The communicative realization of confianza and calor humano in Colombian Spanish. In Goddard (ed.), 199–230.
Trudgill, Peter and Hannah, Jean. 2002. International English: A Guide to Varieties of Standard English, 4th edition. London: Edward Arnold.
Ullmann, Stephen. 1957. The Principles of Semantics, 2nd edition. Oxford: Blackwell.
Vaish, Viniti, Gopinathan, S. and Liu, Yongbing (eds.). 2007. Language, Capital, and Culture: Critical Studies of Language and Education in Singapore. Rotterdam: Sense.
Wakefield, John C. 2011. Disentangling the meaning of two Cantonese evidential particles. Chinese Language and Discourse 2 (2), 250–93.
Wakefield, John C. 2012. A floating tone discourse morpheme: the English equivalent of Cantonese lo1. Lingua 122, 1739–62.
Wardhaugh, Ronald. 2006. Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 5th edition. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Wee, Lian-Hee. 2009. Englishization as an aspect of building Singapore identity. In Kwok-kan Tam (ed.), Englishization in Asia: Language and Cultural Issues. Kowloon: Open University of Hong Kong Press, 46–69.
Wee, Lionel. 1998. The lexicon of Singapore English. In English in New Cultural Contexts: Reflections from Singapore. Singapore: Oxford University Press, 175–200.
Wee, Lionel. 2002. Lor in colloquial Singapore English. Journal of Pragmatics 34, 711–25.
Wee, Lionel. 2004. Reduplication and discourse particles. In Lim (ed.), 105–26.
Wee, Lionel. 2005. Intra-language discrimination and linguistic human rights: the case of Singlish. Applied Linguistics 26 (1), 48–69.
Wee, Lionel and Ansaldo, Umberto. 2004. Noun and noun phrases. In Lim (ed.), 57–74.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 1976. In defense of you and me. In Wolfgang Girke and Helmut Jachnow (eds.), Theoretische Linguistik in Osteuropa. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1–21.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 1986. Introduction. Journal of Pragmatics:Special Issue on Particles 10, 519–34.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 1988. The Semantics of Grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 1992. Semantics, Culture, and Cognition: Human Concepts in Culture-Specific Configurations. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 1994. Emotion, language, and ‘cultural scripts’. In Kitayama Shinobu and Hazel Rose Markus (eds.), Emotion and Culture: Empirical Studies of Mutual Influence. Washington: American Psychological Association, 130–98.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 1996a. Semantics: Primes and Universals. Oxford University Press.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 1996b. Japanese cultural scripts: cultural psychology and ‘cultural grammar’. Ethos 24 (3), 527–55.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 1997. Understanding Cultures through Their Key Words: English, Russian, Polish, German, and Japanese. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 1999. Emotions across Languages and Cultures: Diversity and Universals. Cambridge University Press.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 2001. What did Jesus Mean? Explaining the Sermon on the Mount and the Parables in Simple and Universal Human Concepts. Oxford University Press.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 2002a. Right and wrong: from philosophy to everyday discourse. Discourse Studies 4 (2), 225–52.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 2002b. Australian cultural scripts: bloody revisited. Journal of Pragmatics 34, 1167–1209.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 2003a Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: The Semantics of Human Interaction, 2nd edition. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 2003b. Singapore English: a semantic and cultural perspective. Multilingua 22, 327–66.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 2004a. Jewish cultural scripts and the interpretation of the Bible. Journal of Pragmatics 36, 575–99.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 2004b. ‘Happiness’ in cross-linguistic and cross-cultural perspective. Daedalus (Spring), 34–43.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 2006a. English: Meaning and Culture. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 2006b. Anglo scripts against ‘putting pressure’ on other people and their linguistic manifestations. In Goddard (ed.), 31–63.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 2009. The theory of the mental lexicon. In Sebastian Kempgen, Peter Kosta, Tilman Berger and Karl Gutschmidt (eds.), Die slavischen Sprachen / The Slavic Languages: eine internationales Handbuch zu ihrer Struktur, ihrer Geschichte und ihrer Erforschung / An International Handbook of their Structure, Their History and Their Investigation. [HSK 32.1] (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 848–63.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 2010. Experience, Evidence, and Sense: The Hidden Cultural Legacy of English. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wierzbicka, Anna. 2013. Imprisoned in English: The Hazards of English as a Default Language. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wilkinson, Jeff. 1995. Introducing Standard English. London: Penguin.
Williams, Jessica. 1990. Another look at Yes/No questions: native speakers and non-native speakers. Applied Linguistics 11 (2), 159–82.
Wong, Jock. 2004a. The pragmatic particles of Singapore English: a semantic and cultural interpretation. Journal of Pragmatics 36, 739–93.
Wong, Jock. 2004b. The reduplication of nominal modifiers in Singapore English: a semantic and cultural interpretation. World Englishes 23 (3), 339–54.
Wong, Jock. 2004c. Cultural scripts, ways of speaking and perceptions of personal autonomy: Anglo English vs Singapore English. Intercultural Pragmatics: Special Issue on Cultural Scripts 1 (2): 231–48.
Wong, Jock. 2005. Why you so Singlish one? A semantic and cultural interpretation of the Singapore English particle one. Language in Society 34 (2), 239–75.
Wong, Jock. 2006a. Social hierarchy in the ‘speech culture’ of Singapore. In Goddard (ed.), 99–125.
Wong, Jock. 2006b. Contextualizing aunty in Singapore English. World Englishes 25 (3/4), 451–66.
Wong, Jock. 2007. East meets West, or does it really? In Besemeres and Wierzbicka (eds.), 70–82.
Wong, Jock. 2008. Anglo English and Singapore English tags: their meanings and cultural significance. Pragmatics and Cognition 16 (1), 92–121.
Wong, Jock. 2010. The ‘triple articulation’ of language. Journal of Pragmatics 42, 2932–44.
Wong, Jock. 2013. Child-raising values and practices: looking from the inside. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research 42 (4), 361–75.
Wong, Kelvin. 2005. Queen of retail banking. The Straits Times, 6 November.
Wong, Kelvin. 2006. Who says I’m an auntie? The Straits Times, 10 December.
Wong, Peck San. 1994. The use of ‘one’ in Singapore Colloquial English. Honours thesis, National University of Singapore.
Yap, Su-Yin. 2004. This aunty squad helps with chores for a small fee. The Straits Times, 4 August, Home 9.
Ye, Zhengdao. 2004a. Chinese categorization of interpersonal relationships and the cultural logic of Chinese social interaction: an indigenous perspective. Intercultural Pragmatics 1 (2), 211–30.
Ye, Zhengdao. 2004b. The Chinese folk model of facial expressions: a linguistic perspective. Culture & Psychology 10 (2), 195–222.
Ye, Zhengdao. 2006. Why the ‘inscrutable’ Chinese face? Emotionality and facial expression in Chinese. In Goddard (ed.), 127–69.
Yip, Moira. 1990. The Tonal Phonology of Chinese. New York: Garland Publishing.
Yoon, Kyung-Joo. 2004. Not just words: Korean social models and the use of honorifics. Intercultural Pragmatics 1 (2), 189–210.
Yoon, K.-Y. 2005. Constructing a Korean Natural Semantic Metalanguage. Seoul: Hankook Publishing.
