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  1. Home
  2. Books
  3. The Right to Reparation in International Law for Victims of Armed Conflict
  • Cited by 60
  • Christine Evans, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Geneva (OHCHR)
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
July 2012
Print publication year:
2012
Online ISBN:
9781139096171
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139096171
Subjects:
Public International Law, Law, Human Rights, International Relations and International Organisations, Humanitarian Law
Series:
Cambridge Studies in International and Comparative Law (91)
Information

Book description

In this evaluation of the international legal standing of the right to reparation and its practical implementation at the national level, Christine Evans outlines State responsibility and examines the jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice, the Articles on State Responsibility of the International Law Commission and the convergence of norms in different branches of international law, notably human rights law, humanitarian law and international criminal law. Case studies of countries in which the United Nations has played a significant role in peace negotiations and post-conflict processes allow her to analyse to what extent transitional justice measures have promoted State responsibility for reparations, interacted with human rights mechanisms and prompted subsequent elaboration of domestic legislation and reparations policies. In conclusion, she argues for an emerging customary right for individuals to receive reparations for serious violations of human rights and a corresponding responsibility of States.

Reviews

'Evans presents a clear and detailed overview of the rights of victims of armed conflict to receive reparation, and her book [is] recommended to any reader who wishes to study this evolving area of law. She provides a thorough exploration of state responsibility, emerging norms and relevant jurisprudence in Part I, with a focus in Part II on practice in four case studies, Guatemala, Sierra Leone, East Timor and Colombia.'

Johanna Herman Source: Nordic Journal of Human Rights

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Contents

Contents
References

Bibliography

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Articles and chapters

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Shelton, D., ‘Righting Wrongs: Reparations in the Articles on State Responsibility’, American Journal of International Law, 96(4): (2002), 833–56.
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Reports and publications of NGOs, professional associations, unpublished papers and academic seminar proceedings

Amnesty International, Annual Human Rights Reports, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006.
Amnesty International, Annual Human Rights Reports, ‘End Impunity, Justice for the Victims of Torture’, Amnesty International Publications, 2001.
Amnesty International, Annual Human Rights Reports, ‘The Civil Defense Patrols Re-emerge in Guatemala’, AI Index AMR 34/053/2002, 4 September 2002.
Amnesty International, Annual Human Rights Reports, ‘Sierra Leone Government Urged to Implement the Recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’, Public Statement, AFR 51/012/2005, 29 November 2005.
Amnesty International, Annual Human Rights Reports, ‘Sierra Leone: Getting Reparations Rights for Survivors of Sexual Violence’, Report AI Index AFR51/005/2007, 1 November 2007, pp. 1–36.
Colombian Commission of Jurists, ‘A Growing Absence of Guarantees, Situation of HR and IHL in Colombia 1997–2003’, Bogotá, 2003.
De Geiff, P., ‘Contributing to Peace and Justice, Finding a Balance between DDR and Reparations’, Paper presented at conference ‘Building a Future on Peace and Justice’, Nuremberg, 25–27 June 2007.
Due Process of Law Foundation (DPLF), ‘Victims Unsilenced: The Inter-American Human Rights System and Transitional Justice in Latin America’, DPLF, Washington, 2007.
Due Process of Law Foundation (DPLF), ‘Después de Procesos de Justicia Transicional, Cual es la situación de las victimas? Los casos de Chile y Guatemala’, Public conference report, 2008.
Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, ‘Conflicto y Seguridad, Democracia en Colombia, Temas Críticos y Propuestas’, Conference Publication, Bogotá, 2004.
Fundación Ideas para la Paz, ‘Siguiendo el Conflicto, Hechos y Análisis’, Bogotá, No. 30, September 2005.
Fundación Ideas para la Paz, ‘Siguiendo el Conflicto, Hechos y Análisis’, Bogotá, No. 50, June 2007.
Harvard Law School Human Rights Program, ‘Truth Commissions: A Comparative Assessment’, Report of an interdisciplinary discussion held at Harvard Law School in May 1996, Harvard Law School Human Rights Program, 1997.
Human Rights Watch, Annual Human Rights Reports, 2003–9.
Policy Paper on the Interrelationship between the Sierra Leone Special Court and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 18 April 2002.
IDEA, Reconciliation after Violent Conflict, A Handbook (Stockholm: IDEA, 2003).
International Center for Transitional Justice (P. Wierda, M. Hayner and P. van Zyl), ‘Paper Exploring the Relationship between the Special Court and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Sierra Leone’, 24 June 2002.
‘The Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Reviewing its First Year’, Case Study Series, January 2004.
(M. Hirst), ‘Too Much Friendship, Too Little Truth’, Monitoring Report on the Commission of Truth and Friendship in Indonesia and Timor Leste, January 2008.
(M. Hirst), ‘An Unfinished Truth: An Analysis of the Commission of Truth and Friendship's Final Report on the 1999 Atrocities in East Timor’, March 2009.
(M. Suma and C. Correa), Report and Proposals for the Implementation of Reparations in Sierra Leone, December 2009.
‘Unfulfilled Expectations, Victims Perceptions of Justice and Reparations in Timor-Leste’, February 2010.
International Council on Human Rights Policy, ‘Negotiating Justice, Human Rights and Peace Agreements’, Geneva, 2006.
International Crisis Group, ‘Sierra Leone's Truth and Reconciliation Commission: A Fresh Start?’, Africa Briefing, 20 December 2002.
‘The Special Court for Sierra Leone, Promises and Pitfalls of a “New Model”’, Africa Briefing, No. 16, 4 August 2003.
‘Colombia: Towards Peace and Justice?’, Latin America Report No. 16, 14 March 2006.
‘Correcting Justice: Victims and the Justice and Peace Law in Colombia’, Latin America Report No. 29, 30 October 2008.
Magarrell, L., ‘Reparaciones por Violaciones de los Derechos Humanos y al Derecho Internacional Humanitario’, unpublished paper presented by the International Center for Transitional Justice, Seminar on International Criminal Law, Bogotá, April 2004.
No Peace without Justice, ‘Lawyers’ Guide to the Special Court for Sierra Leone’, 2004.
Open Society Justice Initiative, ‘From Judgment to Justice, Implementing International and Regional Human Rights Decisions’, New York, 2010.
Redress, ‘Reparation, A Sourcebook for Victims of Torture and Other Violations of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law’ (London: The Redress Trust, 2003).
‘Enforcing Reparations, Enforcement of Awards for Victims of Torture and Other International Crimes’ (London: The Redress Trust, 2006).
‘Victims’ Central Role in Fulfilling the ICC's Mandate’, Paper prepared for the 8th Assembly of States Parties, The Hague, 18–26 November 2009, available at: www.redress.org.
‘Considering Reparations for Victims of the Khmer Rouge Regime’, Discussion Paper, November 2009.
‘Report on the Impact of the Rome Statute System on Victims and Affected Communities’, The Redress Trust, London, 22 March 2010.
Schabas, W., ‘The Relationship between Truth Commissions and Courts: The Case of Sierra Leone’, Paper presented at ‘Conference on the Inter-Relationship between Truth Commissions and Courts’, Galway, 4 October 2002.
Stockholm International Forum, ‘A Conference on Truth, Justice and Reconciliation’, Stockholm, 23–24 April 2002.

United Nations documents

Reports of the UN Secretary-General

Draft Convention on the Crime of Genocide, UN Doc. E/447, report presented 26 June 1947 by the Secretary-General upon request by the General Assembly.
Report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council on the Establishment of a Special Court for Sierra Leone, UN Doc. S/2000/915, 4 October 2000.
Report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council, ‘The Rule of Law and Transitional Justice in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies’, UN Doc. S/2004/616, 23 August 2004.
Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Darfur to the Secretary-General, Submission of the Report to the Security Council, UN Doc. S/2005/60, 1 February 2005.
Report of the Secretary-General to the General Assembly, ‘In Larger Freedom, Towards Development, Security and Human Rights for All’, UN Doc. A/59/2005, 25 March 2005, para. 132.
Letter from the Secretary-General to the Security Council containing the Report of the UN Commission of Experts to Review the Prosecution of Serious Violations of Human Rights in East Timor, UN Doc. S/2205/458, 24 June 2005.
Report of the Secretary-General to the General Assembly, ‘Investing in the United Nations, for a Stronger Organisation Worldwide’, UN Doc. A/60/692, 7 March 2006.
Report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council on Justice and Reconciliation in Timor-Leste, UN Doc. S/2006/580, 26 July 2006.
Report of the Secretary-General to the General Assembly and the Security Council, Uniting our Strengths: Enhancing United Nations Support for the Rule of Law, UN Doc. A/61/636-S/2006/980, 14 December 2006.
Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Voluntary Fund for Victims of Torture, UN Doc. A/63/220, 5 August 2008.
Guidance Note of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Approach to Transitional Justice, adopted on 10 March 2010.
Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste to the Security Council, January–September 2010, UN Doc. S/2010/522.
Report of the Secretary-General on the United Nations Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste to the Security Council, September 2010–January 2011, UN Doc. S/2011/32.

UN General Assembly

Resolutions

UN Declaration of the Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power, UN Doc. A/RES/40/34, adopted by the General Assembly 29 November 1985.
UN Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law, UN Doc. A/RES/60/147, adopted by the General Assembly 16 December 2005.

Reports

Joint UN Special Rapporteurs’ of the Commission on Human Rights Fact-Finding Mission to East Timor (Arbitrary Detention, Torture and Violence against Women), Report to the General Assembly, UN Doc. A/54/660, December 1999.
Report of the International Commission of Inquiry on East Timor to the Secretary-General, UN Doc. A/54/726-S/2000/59, 31 January 2000.
Report of the Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Sir Nigel Rodley, Report to the General Assembly, UN Doc. A/55/290, 11 August 2000.
Report of the Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Theo van Boven, Report to the General Assembly, UN Doc. A/58/120, 23 December 2003.
Report of the Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Theo Van Boven, Report to the General Assembly, UN Doc. A/59/324, 1 September 2004.
Report of the Committee against Torture to the General Assembly, UN Doc. A/65/44, 14 May 2010.
Report of the Human Rights Committee to the General Assembly, UN Doc. A/65/40, 19 October 2010.

UN Security Council

Resolutions

Security Council Resolution 827 establishing the ICTY, UN Doc. S/RES/827, adopted 25 May 1993.
Security Council Resolution 955 establishing the ICTR, UN Doc. S/RES/955, adopted 8 November 1994.
Security Council Resolution 1272 on the Situation in East Timor, UN Doc. S/RES/1272, adopted 25 October 1999.
Security Council Resolution 1315, Requesting the Secretary-General to Negotiate an Agreement with the Government of Sierra Leone to Create an Independent Special Court, UN Doc. S/RES/1315, adopted 14 August 2000.
Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security, UN Doc. S/RES/1325, adopted 31 October 2000.
Security Council Resolution 1593 on Referral of the Situation in Darfur to the ICC, UN Doc. S/RES/1593, adopted 31 March 2005.
Security Council Resolution 1769 on the Establishment of UNAMID, UN Doc. S/RES/1769, adopted 31 July 2007.
Security Council Resolution 1888 on Sexual Violence and Armed Conflict, UN Doc. S/RES/1888, adopted 30 September 2009.
Security Council Resolution No. 1969 on the Situation in Timor-Leste, UN Doc. S/RES/1969, adopted 24 February 2011.

UN Commission on Human Rights/Human Rights Council

Resolutions

UN Basic Principles and Guidelines on the right to a remedy and reparation for victims of gross violations of international human rights law and serious violations of international humanitarian law, UN Doc. E/CN.4/RES/2005/35, adopted 19 April 2005.

Reports

First Consultative Meeting on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Violations, Report to the Commission on Human Rights, 2003, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2003/63.
Second Consultative Meeting on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Violations, Report to the Commission on Human Rights, 2004, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2004/57.
Third Consultative Meeting on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Violations, Report to the Commission on Human Rights, 2005, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2005/59.
OHCHR Annual Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Sierra Leone to the Commission on Human Rights for 2001, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2002/37.
Annual Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Timor Leste to the Commission on Human Rights for 2003, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2004/107.
Annual Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Sierra Leone to the Commission on Human Rights for 2005, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2006/106.
Annual Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Sierra Leone to the Human Rights Council for 2006, UN Doc. A/HRC/4/96.
Annual Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Sierra Leone to the Human Rights Council for 2007, UN Doc. A/HRC/7/66.
Annual Report on the Situation of Human Rights in Sierra Leone to the Human Rights Council for 2008, UN Doc. A/HRC/10/52.
OHCHR Colombia Office, Annual Report to the Commission on Human Rights for 2003, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2004/13.
Annual Report to the Commission on Human Rights for 2004, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2005/10.
Annual Report to the Commission on Human Rights for 2005, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2006/9.
Annual Report to the Human Rights Council for 2006, UN Doc. A/HRC/4/48.
Annual Report to the Human Rights Council for 2007, UN Doc. A/HRC/7/39.
Annual Report to the Human Rights Council for 2009, UN Doc. A/HRC/13/72.
Annual Report to the Human Rights Council for 2010, UN Doc. A/HRC/16/22.
OHCHR Guatemala Office, Annual Report to the Human Rights Council for 2006, UN Doc. A/HRC/4/49/Add.1.
Annual Report to the Human Rights Council for 2007, UN Doc. A/HRC/7/38/Add.1.
Annual Report to the Human Rights Council for 2008, UN Doc. A/HRC/10/31/Add.1.
Annual Report to the Human Rights Council for 2009, UN Doc. A/HRC/13/26/Add.1.
Annual Report to the Human Rights Council for 2010, A/HRC/16/20/Add.1.
OHCHR Uganda Office, Annual Report of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights to the Human Rights Council for 2007, UN Doc. A/HRC/7/38/Add.2.
OHCHR Report on Technical Cooperation in the Field of Human Rights in Timor Leste to the Commission on Human Rights for 2004, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2005/115.
OHCHR Report on Assistance to Sierra Leone in the field of Human Rights in Sierra Leone to the Human Rights Council for 2010, UN Doc. A/HRC/16/78.
Report to the Commission on Human Rights submitted by the Subcommission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, ‘The Question of the Right to Restitution, Compensation and Rehabilitation for Victims of Gross Violations of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms’, 1993, UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1993/8.
Report of the High-Level Mission on the Situation of Human Rights in Darfur Pursuant to Human Rights Council Decision S-4/101, UN Doc. A/HRC/4/80, 9 March 2007.
Report to the Human Rights Council of the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, ‘Outcome of the Expert Consultation on the Issue of Protecting the Human Rights of Civilians in Armed Conflict’, UN Doc. A/HRC/11/31, 2 June 2009.
‘Analytical Study on Human Rights and Transitional Justice’, A/HRC/12/18, 6 August 2009, Addendum, ‘Inventory of Human Rights and Transitional Justice Aspects of Recent Peace Agreements’, UN Doc. A/HRC/12/18/Add.1, 21 August 2009.
Sixth Report of the Secretary-General to the Security Council on the United Nations Integrated Office in Sierra Leone, 29 April 2008, UN Doc. S/2008/281.
Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights in Kuwait under Iraqi Occupation, Reports to the Commission on Human Rights, 1992, UN Doc. E/CN.4/1992/26.
Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Manfred Nowak, Report to the Human Rights Council 2007, UN Doc. A/HRC/4/33.
Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women, Rashida Manjoo, Report to the Human Rights Council 2010, UN Doc. A/HRC/14/22.
Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Juan E. Méndez, Report to the Human Rights Council 2011, UN Doc. A/HRC/16/52.
UN set of principles for the protection and promotion of human rights through action to combat impunity, adopted in 1997, UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1997/20/Rev.1, annex II, and updated in 2005, UN Doc. E/CN.4/2005/102/Add.1.

Various UN or OHCHR documents and reports

OHCHR, ‘Making Peace Our Own, Victims’ Perceptions of Accountability, Reconciliation and Transitional Justice in Northern Uganda’, Research Report, 2007.
OHCHR, ‘Rule of Law Tools for Post-Conflict States; Reparations Programmes’, 2008.
UN, Guatemala Peace Agreements, New York, 1998.
UNDP, ‘El Conflicto, Callejón con Salida’, National Development Report on Colombia, 2003.
UNDP, ‘Human Development Report’, 2008.

ICC related documents and reports

Regulations of the Trust Fund for Victims, Resolution ICC-ASP/4/Res. 3, adopted 3 December 2005.
Report of the International Criminal Court to the General Assembly of the United Nations, 2005/2006, A/61/217.
Report of the International Criminal Court to the General Assembly of the United Nations, 2007/2008, A/63/323.
Report of the International Criminal Court to the General Assembly of the United Nations, 2008/2009, A/64/356.
Report of the International Criminal Court on the Strategy in Relation to Victims, ICC-ASP/8/45, 10 November 2009.
Report of the International Criminal Court to the General Assembly of the United Nations, 2009/2010, A/65/313.
The ICC Trust Fund for Victims, Programme Progress Report, Autumn 2010.
Prosecutor v. Lubanga ICC-01/04-01/06, pending open investigation.
Prosecutor v. Katanga and Chui ICC-01/04-01/07, pending open investigation.

International Law Commission

International Law Commission, Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, adopted 2001 (extract of ICL Report to the GA, A/56/10, ch. IV.E.1).
Commentaries on the Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, 2001 (extract of ICL to the GA, A/56/10, ch.IV.E.2).
‘Fragmentation of International Law: Difficulties Arising from the Diversification and Expansion of International Law’, Report of the Study Group of the International Law Commission, A/CN.4/L.702, 2006.
‘Seventh Report on Diplomatic Protection by Special Rapporteur John Dugard’, A/CN.4/567, 2006.
Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection, adopted 2006, Official Records of the General Assembly, 61st session, Supplement No. 10 (A/61/10).
Commentaries on the Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection, 2006, Official Records of the General Assembly, 61st session, Supplement No. 10 (A/61/10).

Reports from regional human rights organisations

Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, Supervision of the Execution of Judgments, 2nd Annual Report, 2008.
Monitoring of the Payment of Sums Awarded by Way of Just Satisfaction, 15 January 2009.
European Court of Human Rights, Annual Report 2008, Strasbourg.
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Report on the Implementation of the Justice and Peace Law: Initial Stages in the Demobilisation of the AUC and the First Judicial Proceedings, OEA/Ser.L/V/II, Washington, 2 October 2007.
Report on Principal Guidelines for a Comprehensive Public Policy on Reparations, OEA/Ser.L/V/II.131, Washington, 19 February 2008.
Annual Report 2009, OEA/Ser.L/V/II, Washington, 30 December 2009.

National truth commission reports

East Timor/Timor Leste

CAVR, Chega! Final Report of the Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation of Timor-Leste (CAVR), Dili, October 2005, available at: www.cavr-timorleste.org.

Guatemala

Memoria del Silencio, Final Report of the Historical Clarification Commission (CEH) in Guatemala, Guatemala City, January 1999, available at: http://shr.aaas.org/guatemala/ceh/report/english/toc.html.

Sierra Leone

Final Report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Sierra Leone, Freetown, October 2004, available at: www.trcsierraleone.org and www.sierra-leone.org/TRCDocuments.html.

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