Medieval worksAbū Shāma, Shihāb al-Dīn ῾Abd al-Raḥmān b. Ismā῾īl. Tarājim Rijāl al-Qarnayn al-Sādis wa’l-Sābi῾ al-Ma῾rūf bi’l-Dhayl ῾alā al-Rawḍatayn, ed. M. Zāhid al-Kawtharī. Cairo: Dār al-Kutub al-Malikiyya, 1947
al-῾Āmilī, M. A῾yān al-Shī῾ah, ed. Ḥasan al-Amīn, 11 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Ta῾āruf, 1986
Anon. (fifteenth century). A Shāfi῾ī treatise on marriage. MS Chester Beatty 4665
Anon. (fourteenth century). “Al-Radd ῾alā al-Taḥqīq fī Mas᾿alat al-Ta῾līq.” MS Chester Beatty 3232
al-Anṣārī, Zakariyā. Al-I῾lām wa’l-Ihtimām bi-Jam῾Fatāwā Shaykh al-Islām Abī Yaḥyā Zakariyā al-Anṣārī, ed. Aḥmad ῾Ubayd. Beirut: ῾Ālam al-Kutub, 1984
al-Anṣārī, Zakariyā “῾Imād al-Riḍā bi-Bayān Adab al-Qaḍā᾿.” MS Chester Beatty 3420 (1)
al-Aqfahsī, ῾Imād al-Dīn. “Tawqīf al-Ḥukkām ῾alā Ghawāmiḍ al-Aḥkām.” MS Chester Beatty 3328
al-Asyūṭī, Shams al-Dīn Muḥammad al-Minhājī. Jawāhir al-῾Uqūd wa-Mu ῾īn al-Quḍāh wa’l-Muwaqqi῾īn wa’l-Shuhūd, 2 vols. Cairo: Maṭba῾at al-Sunnah al-Muḥammadiyyah, 1955
al-῾Aynī, Badr al-Dīn. ῾Iqd al-Jumān fī Tā᾿rīkh Ahl al-Zamān. ῾Aṣr Salāṭīn al-Mamālīk, ed. Muḥammad Muḥammad Amīn, 4 vols. Cairo: al-Hay᾿ah al-Miṣriyya al-῾Āmmah lil-Kitāb, 1987–92
al-Buṣrawī, ῾Alī b. Yūsuf. Ta᾿rīkh al-Buṣrawī: Ṣafaḥāt Majhūlah min Ta᾿rīkh Dimashq fī ῾Aṣr al-Mamālīk min Sanat 871 H li-Ghāyat 904 H, ed. Akram Ḥasan al-῾Ulabī. Damascus: Dār al-Ma᾿mūn lil-Turāth, 1988
Casola, P. Canon Pietro Casola's Pilgrimage to Jerusalem in the Year 1494, trans. M. Newett. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1907
al-Dhahabī, Shams al-Dīn. Siyar A῾lām al-Nubalā᾿, ed. Shu῾ayb al-Arnā᾿ūṭ and Ḥusayn al-Asad, 25 vols. Beirut: Mu᾿assasat al-Risāla, 1981–88
al-Dhahabī, Shams al-Dīn Tar᾿īkh al-Islām wa-Wafayāt al-Mashāhīr wa’l-A῾lām, ed. ῾Umar ῾Abd al-Salām Tadmurī. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-῾Arabī, 1987–
al-Fayyūmī, ῾Alī b. Muḥammad. “Nathr al-Jumān fī Tarājim al-A῾yān.” MS Chester Beatty 4113
al-Fazārī, ῾Abd al-Raḥmān b. al-Firkāḥ b. Ibrāhīm. “Fatāwā al-Fazārī.” MS Chester Beatty 3330
Foggibonsi, Nicolá da. A Voyage Beyond the Seas, 1346–1350, trans. T. Bellorini and E. Hoade. Jerusalem: Franciscan Press, 1945
Frescobaldi, Leonardo, Giorgio Gucci and Simone Sigoli. Visit to the Holy Places of Egypt, Sinai, Palestine, and Syria in 1384, trans. T. Bellorini and E. Hoade. Jerusalem: Franciscan Press, 1948
al-Ghazzī, ῾Isā b. ῾Uthmān. “Adab al-Qaḍā᾿.” MS Chester Beatty 3763
al-Ghazzī, Najm al-Dīn. Al-Kawākib al-Sā᾿ira bi-A῾yān al-Mi᾿ah al-῾Āshirah, ed. Jibrīl Sulaymān Jabbūr, 3 vols. Beirut: American University Press, 1945–59
Harff, Arnold von. The Pilgrimage of the Knight Arnold von Harff, trans. M. Letts. London: Hakluyt, 1946
al-Ḥazrajī, Shihāb al-Dīn al-Ḥijāzī. Al-Kunnas al-Jawārī fī al-Ḥisān min al-Jawārī, ed. Riḥāb al-῾Akkāwī. Beirut: Dār al-Ḥarf al-῾Arabī, 1998
Ibn ῾Abd al-Hādī. Al-῾Uqūd al-Durriyya fī Manāqib Shaykh al-Islām Aḥmad Ibn Taymiyya, ed. Muḥammad Ḥāmid al-Fiqī. Cairo: Maṭba῾at al-Ḥijāzī, 1938
Ibn ῾Abd al-Salām. “Al-Qawā῾id al-Kubrā.” MS British Museum Or. 3102
Ibn Abī al-Dam, Ibrāhīm b. ῾Abdallāh. Kitāb Adab al-Qaḍā᾿, ed. Muḥammad Muṣṭafā al-Zuhaylī. Damascus: Dār al-Fikr, 1982
Ibn Bassām, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Kitāb Nihāyat al-Rutba fī Ṭalab al-Ḥisba, ed. Ḥusām al-Dīn al-Samarrā᾿ī. Baghdad: Maṭba῾at al-Ma῾ārif, 1968
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa. Riḥlat Ibn Baṭṭūṭa al-Musammā Tuḥfat al-Nuẓẓār fī Gharā᾿ib al-Amṣār wa-῾Ajā᾿ib al-Asfār, ed. ῾Abd al-Hādī al-Tāzī, 5 vols. Rabat: Akādimiyat al-Mamlaka al-Maghribiyya, 1997
Ibn Baṭṭūṭa The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa, AD 1325–1354, trans. H. A. R. Gibb, 2 vols. Cambridge: Hakluyt Society, 1958–62
Ibn Baydakīn al-Turkumānī. Kitāb al-Luma῾ fī al-Ḥawādith wa’l-Bida῾, ed. Ṣubḥī Labīb. Wiesbaden: F. Steiner Verlag, 1986
Ibn Daniyāl, Muḥammad. Kitāb Ṭayf al-Khayāl, ed. Paul Kahle; with a critical apparatus by D. Hopwood. Cambridge: Trustees of the E. J. W. Gibb Memorial, 1992
Ibn Ḥajar al-῾Asqalānī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad. Al-Durar al-Kāmina fī A῾yān al-Mi᾿ah al-Thāminah, 4 vols. Hyderabad: Dā᾿irat al-Ma῾ārif, 1929–32
Ibn Ḥajar al-῾Asqalānī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad Inbā᾿ al-Ghumr bi-Abnā᾿ al-῾Umr, ed. Ḥasan Ḥabashī, 3 vols. Cairo: Lajnat Iḥyā᾿al-Turāth al-῾Arabī, 1971–76
Ibn Ḥajar al-῾Asqalānī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad Raf῾ al-Iṣr ῾an Quḍāt Miṣr, ed. ῾Alī Muḥammad ῾Umar. Cairo: Maṭba῾at al-Khānjī, 1998
Ibn al-Ḥājj, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad. Al-Madkhal ilā Tanmiyat al-A῾māl bi-Taḥsīn al-Niyyāt, 4 vols. Cairo: al-Maṭba῾ah al-Miṣriyyah, 1929–32
Ibn Ḥazm, ῾Alī b. Muḥammad. Al-Muḥallā bi’l-Āthār. ed. ῾Abd al-Ghaffār Sulaymān al-Bindārī, 10 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-῾Ilmiyya, 1988
Ibn al-Ḥimṣī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad. Ḥawādith al-Zamān wa-Wafayāt al-Shuyūkh wa’l-Aqrān, ed. ῾Umar ῾Abd al-Salām al-Tadmurī, 3 vols. Sayda: al-Maktaba al-῾Aṣriyya, 1999
Ibn Iyās, Abū al-Barakāt. Badā᾿i῾ al-Zuhūr fī Waqā᾿i῾ al-Duhūr, ed. M. Muṣṭafā, 5 vols. Wiesbaden: F. Steiner, 1975–92
Ibn Kathīr, Ismā῾īl b. ῾Umar. Al-Bidāya wa’l-Nihāya, 14 vols. Cairo: n.p. 1932–39
Ibn Kathīr, Ismā῾īl b. ῾Umar Al-Bidāya wa’l-Nihāya, ed. Aḥmad Abū Mulḥim et al., 14 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-῾Ilmiyya, 1994
Ibn al-Mibrad, Jamāl al-Dīn Yūsuf. Akhbār al-Nisā᾿ al-Musammā al-Rusā lil-Ṣāliḥāt min al-Nisā᾿, ed. Māhir Muḥammad ῾Abd al-Qādir. Homs: Dār al-Ma῾ārif, 1993
Ibn al-Mibrad, Jamāl al-Dīn Yūsuf Al-Jawhar al-Munaḍḍad fī Ṭabaqāt Muta᾿akhkhirī Aṣḥāb Aḥmad, ed. ῾Abd al-Raḥmān al-῾Uthaymīn. Cairo: Maktabat al-Khānjī, 1987
Ibn al-Mibrad, Jamāl al-Dīn Yūsuf Sayr al-Ḥāthth ilā ῾Ilm al-Ṭalāq al-Thalāth, ed. Muḥammad b. Nāṣir al-῾Ajamī. Beirut: Dār al-Bashā᾿ir al-Islāmiyya, 1997
Ibn al-Mibrad, Jamāl al-Dīn Yūsuf Thimār al-Maqāṣid fī Dhikr al-Masājid. ed. Muḥammad As῾ad Ṭalas. Beirut: Institut Français de Damas, 1943
Ibn Qāḍī Shuhba, Abū Bakr b. Aḥmad. Tar᾿īkh Ibn Qāḍī Shuhba, ed. ῾Adnān Darwīsh, 3 vols. Damascus: Institut Français de Damas, 1977–1994
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya. Ighāthat al-Lahfān min Maṣā᾿id al-Shayṭān, ed. Muḥammad Ḥāmid al-Fiqī, 2 vols. Cairo: Maṭba῾at Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1939
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya I῾lām al-Muwaqqi῾īn ῾an Rabb al-῾Ālamīn, ed. Ṭāhā ῾Abd al-Ra᾿ūf Sa῾d, 4 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Jīl, 1964
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya Al-Ṭuruq al-Ḥukmiyya fī al-Siyāsa al-Shar῾iyya. Cairo: Maṭba῾at al-Adāb, 1317/1898–99
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya Zād al-Mi῾ād fī Hady Khayr al-῾Ibād, ed. Shu῾ayb and ῾Abd al-Qādir al-Arnā᾿ūṭ, 5 vols. Beirut: Mu᾿assasat al-Risāla, 1979
Ibn Qudāma, Muwaffaq al-Dīn. Al-Mughnī, 14 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1984
Ibn Quṭlubughā. “Fatāwā.” MS Princeton Yahuda 3393
Ibn Rajab, ῾Abd al-Raḥmān b. Aḥmad. Dhayl ῾alā Ṭabaqāt al-Ḥanābila, ed. Muḥammad al-Fiqī, 2 vols. Cairo: Maṭba῾at al-Sunna al-Muḥammadiyya, 1952
Ibn Rushd al-Qurṭūbī, Muḥammad. Bidāyat al-Mujtahid wa-Nihāyat al-Muqtaṣid, 4 vols. Beirut: Dār al-Ma῾rifa, 1985
Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ al-Shahrazūrī, Fatāwā wa-Masā᾿il Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ, ed. ῾Abd al-Mu῾ṭī Qal῾ajī. Beirut: Dār al-Ma῾rifa, 1986
Ibn al-Ṣayrafī, al-Khaṭīb al-Jawharī. Inbā᾿ al-Haṣr bi-Abnā᾿ al-῾Aṣr, ed. Ḥasan Ḥabashī. Cairo: Dār al-Fikr al-῾Arabī, 1970
Ibn al-Ṣayrafī, al-Khaṭīb al-Jawharī Nuzhat al-Nufūs wa’l-Abdān fī Tawārīkh al-Zamān, ed. Ḥasan Ḥabashī, 4 vols. Cairo: al-Hay᾿ah al-Miṣriyya al-῾Āmmah li’l-Kitāb, 1970–94
Ibn al-Suqā῾ī, Faḍlallāh b. Abī al-Fakhr. Tālī Kitāb Wafayāt al-A῾yān, ed. J. Sublet. Damas: Institut Français de Damas, 1974
Ibn Taghrī Birdī, Jamāl al-Dīn Yūsuf. Ḥawādith al-Duhūr fī Madā al-Ayyām wa’l-Shuhūr, 2 vols. Beirut: ῾Ālam al-Kutub, 1990
Ibn Taghrī Birdī, Jamāl al-Dīn Yūsuf Al-Manhal al-Ṣāfī wa’l-Mustawfā Ba῾d al-Wāfī, ed. Muḥammad Muḥammad Amīn. Cairo: al-Hay᾿ah al-Miṣriyya al-῾Āmmah li’l-Kitāb, 1984–
Ibn Taghrī Birdī, Jamāl al-Dīn Yūsuf Al-Nujūm al-Zāhira fī Mulūk Miṣr wa’l-Qāhirah, 16 vols. Cairo: [various publishers], 1929–72
Ibn Ṭawq. Al-Ta῾līq. Yawmiyyāt Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad Ibn Ṭawq (834/1430–915/1509): Mudhakkirāt Kutibat bi-Dimashq fī Awākhir al-῾Ahd al-Mamlūkī, 885/1480–908/1502, ed. Ja῾far al-Muhājir, vol. I (885/1480–890/1485). Damascus: Institut Français de Damas, 2000
Ibn Taymiyya. Fatāwā al-Nisā᾿, ed. Ibrāhīm Muḥammad al-Jamal. Cairo: Maktabat al-Qur᾿ān, 1987
Ibn Taymiyya Al-Ijtimā῾ wa’l-Iftirāq fī al-Ḥilf bi’l-Ṭalāq, ed. Muḥammad ῾Abd al-Razzāq Ḥamza. Cairo: Maktabat Anṣār, 1346/1927–28
Ibn Taymiyya Iqāmat al-Dalīl fī Ibṭāl al-Taḥlīl. Published as part of the third volume of Majmū῾at Fatāwā
Ibn Taymiyya Majmū῾ Fatāwā Shaykh al-Islām Aḥmad Ibn Taymiyya, ed. ῾Abd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad al-῾Āṣimī al-Najdī, 35 vols. Riyadh: Maṭba῾at Riyāḍ, 1381–86/1961–66
Ibn Taymiyya Majmū῾at Fatāwā Shaykh al-Islām Taqī al-Dīn Ibn Taymiyya, 5 vols. Cairo: Maṭba῾at Kurdistān, 1326–29/1908–11
Ibn Taymiyya Majmū῾at al-Rasā᾿il al-Kubrā, 2 vols. Cairo: Maṭba῾at al-῾Āmira, 1905–06
Ibn Ṭūlūn, Muḥammad b. ῾Alī. Al-Fulk al-Mashḥūn fī Aḥwāl Muḥammad Ibn Ṭūlūn, ed. Muḥammad Khayr Ramaḍān Yūsuf. Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm, 1996
Ibn Ṭūlūn, Muḥammad b. ῾Alī Mufākahat al-Khīlān fī Ḥawādith al-Zamān, ed. Muḥammad Muṣṭafā, 2 vols. Cairo: al-Mu᾿assasah al-Miṣriyyah al-῾Āmmah li᾿l-Ta᾿līf wa᾿l-Tarjamah wa᾿l-Tibā῾ah wa᾿l-Nashīr, 1962–64
Ibn Ṭūlūn, Muḥammad b. ῾Alī Al-Thaghr al-Bassām fī Dhikr Man Wuliyya Qaḍā᾿ al-Shām, ed. Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Munajjid. Damascus: Maṭbū῾āt al-Majma῾ al-῾Ilmī al-῾Arabī, 1956
Ibn al-Ukhuwwa. Ma῾ālim al-Qurba fī Aḥkām al-Ḥisba, ed. R. Levy. London: Luzac & Co., 1938
Ibn Zufar al-Irbilī. Madāris Dimashq wa-Rubuṭihā wa-Jawāmi῾uhā wa-Ḥammāmatihā, ed. Muḥammad Aḥmad Duhmān. Damascus: Maṭba῾at al-Taraqqī, 1947
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al-Maqrīzī, Taqī al-Dīn Kitāb al-Mawā῾iẓ wa’l-I῾tibār fī Dhikr al-Khiṭaṭ wa’l-Āthār al-Ma῾rūf bi’l-Khiṭaṭ al-Maqrīziyya, ed. Muḥammad Zaynhum and Madīḥa al-Sharqāwī, 3 vols. Cairo: Maktabat al-Madbūlī, 1998
al-Maqrīzī, Taqī al-Dīn Kitāb al-Sulūk li-Ma῾rifat al-Duwal wa’l-Mulūk, ed. Muḥammad Muṣṭafā Ziyādah and Sa῾īd ῾Abd al-Fattāḥ ῾Āshūr, 4 vols. Cairo: Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣriyya, 1934–72
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