Legal Consequences of Peremptory Norms in International Law

Daniel Costelloe

doi:10.1017/9781316535110

References

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Press Reports

‘Background Briefing by Senior Administration Officials on Iraq’, August 8, 2014, available at www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/08/08/background-briefing-senior-administration-officials-iraq
‘China backs ‘‘transition” in Syria, opposes intervention’, September 5, 2012, available at www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/05/us-syria-crisis-china- idUSBRE88409R20120905
‘Letter from the President – War Powers Resolution Regarding Iraq’, September 23, 2014, available at www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/23/letter-president-war-powers-resolution-regarding-iraq
‘Press release on the Agreement on the accession of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation’, March 18, 2014, available at http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/copy/20604
‘Russia “categorically against” Syria intervention’, May 30, 2012, available at www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-18260992
‘Russia opposes Syria intervention, new U.N. action’, May 30, 2012, available at www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/30/us-syria-crisis-russia- idUSBRE84T09S20120530
Western European Union, ‘Statement of the Presidency of the Permanent Council of the WEU on behalf of the High Contracting Parties to the Modified Brussels Treaty – Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom’, Brussels, March 31, 2010, available at www.weu.int

International Law Commission Materials

Jus Cogens

Tladi, Dire, First Report on Jus Cogens, A/CN.4/693 (2016)
Tladi, Dire, ‘Jus Cogens’, in Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Sixty-Sixth Session, A/69/10, Annex

Law of Treaties

Draft Articles on the Law of Treaties with commentaries, included in A/6309/Rev.1 (1966), YbILC 1966, Vol. II, 177
Comments by governments on parts I, II and III of the Draft articles on the law of treaties drawn up by the Commission at its fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth sessions (annex), A/CN.4/182 and Corr.1&2 and Add.1, 2/Rev.1 & 3, YbILC 1966, Vol. II, 279
Lauterpacht, Hersch, Report on the Law of Treaties, A/CN.4/63 (1953), YbILC 1953, Vol. II, 90
Fitzmaurice, Gerald, Second Report on the Law of Treaties, A/CN.4/107 (1957), YbILC 1957, Vol. II, 16
Fitzmaurice, Gerald, Third Report on the Law of Treaties, A/CN.4/115 and Corr. 1 (1958), YbILC 1958, Vol. II, 20
Waldock, Humphrey, Second Report on the Law of Treaties, A/CN.4/156 and Add.1–3 (1963), YbILC 1963, Vol. II, 36

State Responsibility

Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts with commentaries, included in A/56/10 (2001), YbILC 2001, Vol. II/2, 30
Report of the International Law Commission to the General Assembly on the Work of its Fifty-third Session, A/56/10 (2001), ch. IV, YbILC 2001, Vol. II/2, 20
Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Fifty-second Session, A/55/10, ch. IV (2000), YbILC 2000, Vol. II/2, 18
Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Twenty-eighth Session, A/31/10 (1976), ch. III, YbILC 1976, Vol. II/2, 69
Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Fifty-second Session (2000): topical summary of the discussion held in the Sixth Committee of the General Assembly during its fifty-fifth session prepared by the Secretariat, A/CN.4/513 (2001)
Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Fiftieth Session, A/53/10 (1998), ch. VII, YbILC 1998, Vol. II/2, 60
Fifty-third Session, State Responsibility: Comments and Observations Received from Governments, A/CN.4/515 and Add.1–2 (2001)
Ago, Roberto, Fifth Report on State Responsibility, A/CN.4/291 and Add.1–2 (1976), YbILC 1976, Vol. II/1, 3
Riphagen, Willem, Third Report on State Responsibility, A/CN.4/354 and Add.1–2 (1982), YbILC 1982, Vol. II/1, 22
Riphagen, Willem, Fourth Report on State Responsibility, A/CN.4/366 and Add.1 (1983), YbILC 1983, Vol. II/1, 3
Arangio-Ruiz, Gaetano, Seventh Report on State Responsibility, A/CN.4/469 and Add. 2 (1995)
Arangio-Ruiz, Gaetano, Eighth Report on State Responsibility, A/CN.4/476 and Corr. 1 (1996)
Crawford, James, First report on State responsibility, A/CN.4/490/ and Add.1–2 (1998)
Crawford, James, Third report on State responsibility, A/CN.4/507 and Add.1 (2000)

Responsibility of International Organizations

Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations with commentaries, included in A/66/10 (2011), YbILC 2011, Vol. II/2, 54
Comments and Observations Received from International Organizations, A/CN.4/582 (2007) and A/CN.4/593 (2008)

Unilateral Acts

Guiding Principles Applicable to Unilateral Declarations Capable of Creating Legal Obligations and commentaries thereto, included in A/61/10 (2006), YbILC 2006, Vol. II/2, 161
Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Fiftieth Session, A/53/10, ch. VI, YbILC 1998, Vol. II/2, 50.
Rodríguez-Cedeño, Victor, Third Report on Unilateral Acts of States, A/CN.4/505 (2000)
Rodríguez-Cedeño, Victor, Eighth Report on Unilateral Acts of States, A/CN.4/557 (2005)

Jurisdictional Immunity

Draft Articles on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and their Property and commentaries thereto, included in A/46/10 (1991), YbILC 1991, Vol. II/2, 13
United Nations General Assembly, Sixth Committee, Ad Hoc Committee on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and their Property, Convention on jurisdictional immunities of States and their property: Report of the Chairman of the Working Group Gerhard Hafner, A/C.6/54/L.12 (1999)
Report of the Working Group on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and their Property, A/CN.4/L.576 (1999), YbILC 1999, Vol. II/2, 149 and appendix (Annex).

Immunity of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction

Kolodkin, Roman Anatolevich, Second Report on Immunity of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction, A/CN.4/631 (2010)

Reservations

Pellet, Alain, Tenth Report on Reservations to Treaties: Addendum, A/CN.4/558/Add.1 (2005)

Extradite or Prosecute

Galicki, Zdzislaw, Fourth Report on the Obligation to Extradite or Prosecute, A/CN.4/648 (2011)

Formation and Evidence of Customary International Law

Formation and evidence of customary international law: Elements in the previous work of the International Law Commission that could be particularly relevant to the topic, Memorandum by the Secretariat, A/CN.4/659 (2013)
Wood, Michael, Formation and Evidence of Customary International Law, A/CN.4/653 (2012)
Wood, Michael, Second Report on Identification of Customary International Law, A/CN.4/672 (2014)
Wood, Michael, Third Report on Identification of Customary International Law, A/CN.4/682 (2015)

Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters

Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters: Text and Titles of draft articles 6, 7, 8 and 9 provisionally adopted by the Drafting Committee on 6, 7 and 8 July, 2010, A/CN.4/L.776 (2010)
Ospina, Eduardo Valencia, Third Report on the Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters, A/CN.4/629 (2010)

Diplomatic Protection

Dugard, John, First Report on Diplomatic Protection, A/CN.4/506 (2007)

Fragmentation

Fragmentation of International Law: Difficulties Arising from the Diversification and Expansion of International Law, Report of the Study Group of the International Law Commission, Finalized by Martti Koskenniemi, A/CN.4/L.682 (2006)

Rights and Duties of States

Preparatory Study Concerning a Draft Declaration on the Rights and Duties of States – Memorandum submitted by the Secretary-General, A/CN.4/2 (1948)

Policy Statements, Diplomatic Notes, Government Communiqués, Statements, Letters and Other International and National Materials

‘Extracts from a Broadcast Speech by Stalin on the German Invasion of the Soviet Union’, in Degras, Jane (ed.), Soviet Documents on Foreign Policy, Vol. III, 1933–1941 491–493 (1953)
Convention on Treaties adopted by the Sixth International Conference of American States at Havana, 29 AJIL Supp. 1205 (1935)
Harvard Research Draft Convention on the Law of Treaties, 29 AJIL Supp. 657(1935)
‘Statement made by Molotov to Beneš regarding the Munich Agreement and the Frontiers of Czechoslovakia, 9 June 1943’, in Carlyle, Margaret (ed.), Documents on International Affairs 1939–1946, Vol. II Hitler’s Europe 317 (1954)
Memorandum from Roberts B. Owen, Legal Adviser of the Department of State, to Acting Secretary of State Warren Christopher, in Nash, Marian L. (Office of the Legal Adviser, Department of State), Digest of United States Practice in International Law 1979 34 (1983)
‘Baltic Republics: Statement by the Acting Secretary of State, Mr. Welles’, 3 Department of State Bulletin 39 (1940)
‘Chaco Declaration’ (August 3, 1932), reproduced in Langer, Robert Seizure of Territory. The Stimson Doctrine and Related Principles in Legal Theory and Diplomatic Practice 68 (1947)
‘Communiqué issued by the Czechoslovak Government, September 30, 1938’, in Curtis, Monica (ed.), Documents on International Affairs 1938, Vol. II, 326 (1943)
Council of Europe, Explanatory Report on the European Convention on State Immunity, ETS No. 074, available at https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=09000016800c96c3
Council of Europe, Statement by Committee of Ministers of November 1983, quoted in Loizidou v. Turkey (Merits), para. 21.
Council of the League of Nations, ‘The Registration and Publication of Treaties as Prescribed under Article 18 of the Covenant of the League of Nations: Memorandum approved by the Council of the League of Nations, Meeting in Rome, on May 19, 1920’, 1 L.N.T.S. 9 (1920)
Déclaration de M. François Hollande, Président de la République, sur l’intervention militaire au Mali, à Paris le 11 janvier 2013, available at <http://discours.vie-publique.fr/notices/137000058.html>
European Communities Statement of November 16, 1983, quoted in Loizidou v. Turkey (Merits), para. 22
Further Report of the Secretary-General Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 721 (1991), S/23363 (1992)
‘Immunities of Foreign States’, Hearings before the Sub-committee on Claims and Governmental Relations, House Judiciary Committee, 93rd Cong. (June 7, 1973)
Indictment, Appendix C, XXI, Major War Criminals Tribunal at Nuremberg, Pts. 1–3, Judgements (1946)
League of Nations, Assembly Resolution of March 11, 1932, L.N.O.J. Spec. Supp. 101, Vol. I, 87–88
Letter dated 29 January 2002 from the Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs, the Legal Counsel, addressed to the President of the Security Council, S/2002/161
Letter dated 26 February 1976 from the Permanent Representative of Spain to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General, A/31/56–S/11997
Press communiqué by the Commonwealth Heads of Government of November 1983, quoted in Loizidou v. Turkey (Merits), para. 23
Reply by the Minister of State, FCO, in the House of Lords, January 26, 1995, reproduced in 66 BYIL 666–667 (1995)
‘Report of the Dutch Committee of Inquiry on the War in Iraq. Chapter 8: The Basis in International Law for the Military Intervention in Iraq’ (January 12, 2010), 57 Netherlands International Law Review 81 (2010)
‘Report on Preliminary Examination Activities (2015)’, available at www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/otp/OTP-PE-rep-2015-Eng.pdf
Resolution of the Sixth International Conference of American States condemning aggression (February 18, 1928)
‘Rhodesia: Proclamation of Independence’, 5 ILM 230 (1966)
Stimson, Henry, ‘The Secretary of State to the Consul General at Nanking (Peck), 793.94/3437b: Telegram, Foreign Relations of the United States 1932, Vol. 3, 7–8. Page 7 editor’s note 9: ‘The same, mutatis mutandis, to the Ambassador in Japan as telegram No. 7, Foreign Relations, Japan, 1931–1941, Vol. I, p. 76; text of note repeated to the Consul at Geneva in telegram No. 4, January 7, 1 p.m., with instructions to transmit the note to the Secretary General of the League of Nations.’
‘Turkish Government Communiqué’ (July 20, 1974), 14 Turkish Yearbook of International Relations 125 (1974)
United Nations Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 26: Continuity of Obligations, CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.8/Rev.1 (August 12, 1997)

[1] ‘Background Briefing by Senior Administration Officials on Iraq’, August 8, 2014, available at www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/08/08/background-briefing-senior-administration-officials-iraq

[2] ‘China backs ‘‘transition” in Syria, opposes intervention’, September 5, 2012, available at www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/05/us-syria-crisis-china- idUSBRE88409R20120905

[3] ‘Letter from the President – War Powers Resolution Regarding Iraq’, September 23, 2014, available at www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/23/letter-president-war-powers-resolution-regarding-iraq

[4] ‘Press release on the Agreement on the accession of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation’, March 18, 2014, available at http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/copy/20604

[5] ‘Russia “categorically against” Syria intervention’, May 30, 2012, available at www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-18260992

[6] ‘Russia opposes Syria intervention, new U.N. action’, May 30, 2012, available at www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/30/us-syria-crisis-russia- idUSBRE84T09S20120530

[7] Western European Union, ‘Statement of the Presidency of the Permanent Council of the WEU on behalf of the High Contracting Parties to the Modified Brussels Treaty – Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom’, Brussels, March 31, 2010, available at www.weu.int

[8] Tladi, Dire, First Report on Jus Cogens, A/CN.4/693 (2016)

[9] Tladi, Dire, ‘Jus Cogens’, in Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Sixty-Sixth Session, A/69/10, Annex

[10] Draft Articles on the Law of Treaties with commentaries, included in A/6309/Rev.1 (1966), YbILC 1966, Vol. II, 177

[11] Comments by governments on parts I, II and III of the Draft articles on the law of treaties drawn up by the Commission at its fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth sessions (annex), A/CN.4/182 and Corr.1&2 and Add.1, 2/Rev.1 & 3, YbILC 1966, Vol. II, 279

[12] Lauterpacht, Hersch, Report on the Law of Treaties, A/CN.4/63 (1953), YbILC 1953, Vol. II, 90

[13] Fitzmaurice, Gerald, Second Report on the Law of Treaties, A/CN.4/107 (1957), YbILC 1957, Vol. II, 16

[14] Fitzmaurice, Gerald, Third Report on the Law of Treaties, A/CN.4/115 and Corr. 1 (1958), YbILC 1958, Vol. II, 20

[15] Waldock, Humphrey, Second Report on the Law of Treaties, A/CN.4/156 and Add.1–3 (1963), YbILC 1963, Vol. II, 36

[16] Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts with commentaries, included in A/56/10 (2001), YbILC 2001, Vol. II/2, 30

[17] Report of the International Law Commission to the General Assembly on the Work of its Fifty-third Session, A/56/10 (2001), ch. IV, YbILC 2001, Vol. II/2, 20

[18] Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Fifty-second Session, A/55/10, ch. IV (2000), YbILC 2000, Vol. II/2, 18

[19] Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Twenty-eighth Session, A/31/10 (1976), ch. III, YbILC 1976, Vol. II/2, 69

[20] Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Fifty-second Session (2000): topical summary of the discussion held in the Sixth Committee of the General Assembly during its fifty-fifth session prepared by the Secretariat, A/CN.4/513 (2001)

[21] Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Fiftieth Session, A/53/10 (1998), ch. VII, YbILC 1998, Vol. II/2, 60

[22] Fifty-third Session, State Responsibility: Comments and Observations Received from Governments, A/CN.4/515 and Add.1–2 (2001)

[23] Ago, Roberto, Fifth Report on State Responsibility, A/CN.4/291 and Add.1–2 (1976), YbILC 1976, Vol. II/1, 3

[24] Riphagen, Willem, Third Report on State Responsibility, A/CN.4/354 and Add.1–2 (1982), YbILC 1982, Vol. II/1, 22

[25] Riphagen, Willem, Fourth Report on State Responsibility, A/CN.4/366 and Add.1 (1983), YbILC 1983, Vol. II/1, 3

[26] Arangio-Ruiz, Gaetano, Seventh Report on State Responsibility, A/CN.4/469 and Add. 2 (1995)

[27] Arangio-Ruiz, Gaetano, Eighth Report on State Responsibility, A/CN.4/476 and Corr. 1 (1996)

[28] Crawford, James, First report on State responsibility, A/CN.4/490/ and Add.1–2 (1998)

[29] Crawford, James, Third report on State responsibility, A/CN.4/507 and Add.1 (2000)

[30] Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations with commentaries, included in A/66/10 (2011), YbILC 2011, Vol. II/2, 54

[31] Comments and Observations Received from International Organizations, A/CN.4/582 (2007) and A/CN.4/593 (2008)

[32] Guiding Principles Applicable to Unilateral Declarations Capable of Creating Legal Obligations and commentaries thereto, included in A/61/10 (2006), YbILC 2006, Vol. II/2, 161

[33] Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Fiftieth Session, A/53/10, ch. VI, YbILC 1998, Vol. II/2, 50.

[34] Rodríguez-Cedeño, Victor, Third Report on Unilateral Acts of States, A/CN.4/505 (2000)

[35] Rodríguez-Cedeño, Victor, Eighth Report on Unilateral Acts of States, A/CN.4/557 (2005)

[36] Draft Articles on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and their Property and commentaries thereto, included in A/46/10 (1991), YbILC 1991, Vol. II/2, 13

[37] United Nations General Assembly, Sixth Committee, Ad Hoc Committee on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and their Property, Convention on jurisdictional immunities of States and their property: Report of the Chairman of the Working Group Gerhard Hafner, A/C.6/54/L.12 (1999)

[38] Report of the Working Group on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and their Property, A/CN.4/L.576 (1999), YbILC 1999, Vol. II/2, 149 and appendix (Annex).

[39] Kolodkin, Roman Anatolevich, Second Report on Immunity of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction, A/CN.4/631 (2010)

[40] Pellet, Alain, Tenth Report on Reservations to Treaties: Addendum, A/CN.4/558/Add.1 (2005)

[41] Galicki, Zdzislaw, Fourth Report on the Obligation to Extradite or Prosecute, A/CN.4/648 (2011)

[42] Formation and evidence of customary international law: Elements in the previous work of the International Law Commission that could be particularly relevant to the topic, Memorandum by the Secretariat, A/CN.4/659 (2013)

[43] Wood, Michael, Formation and Evidence of Customary International Law, A/CN.4/653 (2012)

[44] Wood, Michael, Second Report on Identification of Customary International Law, A/CN.4/672 (2014)

[45] Wood, Michael, Third Report on Identification of Customary International Law, A/CN.4/682 (2015)

[46] Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters: Text and Titles of draft articles 6, 7, 8 and 9 provisionally adopted by the Drafting Committee on 6, 7 and 8 July, 2010, A/CN.4/L.776 (2010)

[47] Ospina, Eduardo Valencia, Third Report on the Protection of Persons in the Event of Disasters, A/CN.4/629 (2010)

[48] Dugard, John, First Report on Diplomatic Protection, A/CN.4/506 (2007)

[49] Fragmentation of International Law: Difficulties Arising from the Diversification and Expansion of International Law, Report of the Study Group of the International Law Commission, Finalized by Martti Koskenniemi, A/CN.4/L.682 (2006)

[50] Preparatory Study Concerning a Draft Declaration on the Rights and Duties of States – Memorandum submitted by the Secretary-General, A/CN.4/2 (1948)

[51] ‘Extracts from a Broadcast Speech by Stalin on the German Invasion of the Soviet Union’, in Degras, Jane (ed.), Soviet Documents on Foreign Policy, Vol. III, 1933–1941 491–493 (1953)

[52] Convention on Treaties adopted by the Sixth International Conference of American States at Havana, 29 AJIL Supp. 1205 (1935)

[53] Harvard Research Draft Convention on the Law of Treaties, 29 AJIL Supp. 657(1935)

[54] ‘Statement made by Molotov to Beneš regarding the Munich Agreement and the Frontiers of Czechoslovakia, 9 June 1943’, in Carlyle, Margaret (ed.), Documents on International Affairs 1939–1946, Vol. II Hitler’s Europe 317 (1954)

[55] Memorandum from Roberts B. Owen, Legal Adviser of the Department of State, to Acting Secretary of State Warren Christopher, in Nash, Marian L. (Office of the Legal Adviser, Department of State), Digest of United States Practice in International Law 1979 34 (1983)

[56] ‘Baltic Republics: Statement by the Acting Secretary of State, Mr. Welles’, 3 Department of State Bulletin 39 (1940)

[57] ‘Chaco Declaration’ (August 3, 1932), reproduced in Langer, Robert Seizure of Territory. The Stimson Doctrine and Related Principles in Legal Theory and Diplomatic Practice 68 (1947)

[58] ‘Communiqué issued by the Czechoslovak Government, September 30, 1938’, in Curtis, Monica (ed.), Documents on International Affairs 1938, Vol. II, 326 (1943)

[59] Council of Europe, Explanatory Report on the European Convention on State Immunity, ETS No. 074, available at https://rm.coe.int/CoERMPublicCommonSearchServices/DisplayDCTMContent?documentId=09000016800c96c3

[60] Council of Europe, Statement by Committee of Ministers of November 1983, quoted in Loizidou v. Turkey (Merits), para. 21.

[61] Council of the League of Nations, ‘The Registration and Publication of Treaties as Prescribed under Article 18 of the Covenant of the League of Nations: Memorandum approved by the Council of the League of Nations, Meeting in Rome, on May 19, 1920’, 1 L.N.T.S. 9 (1920)

[62] Déclaration de M. François Hollande, Président de la République, sur l’intervention militaire au Mali, à Paris le 11 janvier 2013, available at <http://discours.vie-publique.fr/notices/137000058.html>

[63] European Communities Statement of November 16, 1983, quoted in Loizidou v. Turkey (Merits), para. 22

[64] Further Report of the Secretary-General Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 721 (1991), S/23363 (1992)

[65] ‘Immunities of Foreign States’, Hearings before the Sub-committee on Claims and Governmental Relations, House Judiciary Committee, 93rd Cong. (June 7, 1973)

[66] Indictment, Appendix C, XXI, Major War Criminals Tribunal at Nuremberg, Pts. 1–3, Judgements (1946)

[67] League of Nations, Assembly Resolution of March 11, 1932, L.N.O.J. Spec. Supp. 101, Vol. I, 87–88

[68] Letter dated 29 January 2002 from the Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs, the Legal Counsel, addressed to the President of the Security Council, S/2002/161

[69] Letter dated 26 February 1976 from the Permanent Representative of Spain to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General, A/31/56–S/11997

[70] Press communiqué by the Commonwealth Heads of Government of November 1983, quoted in Loizidou v. Turkey (Merits), para. 23

[71] Reply by the Minister of State, FCO, in the House of Lords, January 26, 1995, reproduced in 66 BYIL 666–667 (1995)

[72] ‘Report of the Dutch Committee of Inquiry on the War in Iraq. Chapter 8: The Basis in International Law for the Military Intervention in Iraq’ (January 12, 2010), 57 Netherlands International Law Review 81 (2010)

[73] ‘Report on Preliminary Examination Activities (2015)’, available at www.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/otp/OTP-PE-rep-2015-Eng.pdf

[74] Resolution of the Sixth International Conference of American States condemning aggression (February 18, 1928)

[75] ‘Rhodesia: Proclamation of Independence’, 5 ILM 230 (1966)

[76] Stimson, Henry, ‘The Secretary of State to the Consul General at Nanking (Peck), 793.94/3437b: Telegram, Foreign Relations of the United States 1932, Vol. 3, 7–8. Page 7 editor’s note 9: ‘The same, mutatis mutandis, to the Ambassador in Japan as telegram No. 7, Foreign Relations, Japan, 1931–1941, Vol. I, p. 76; text of note repeated to the Consul at Geneva in telegram No. 4, January 7, 1 p.m., with instructions to transmit the note to the Secretary General of the League of Nations.’

[77] ‘Turkish Government Communiqué’ (July 20, 1974), 14 Turkish Yearbook of International Relations 125 (1974)

[78] United Nations Human Rights Committee, General Comment No. 26: Continuity of Obligations, CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.8/Rev.1 (August 12, 1997)

Legal Consequences of Peremptory Norms in International Law

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