Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
August 2017
Print publication year:
2017
Online ISBN:
9781316212875

Book description

International and national armed conflicts are usually preceded by a media campaign in which public figures foment ethnic, national, racial or religious hatred, inciting listeners to acts of violence. Incitement on Trial evaluates the efforts of international criminal tribunals to hold such inciters criminally responsible. This is an unsettled area of international criminal law, and prosecutors have often struggled to demonstrate a causal connection between speech acts and subsequent crimes. This book identifies 'revenge speech' as the type of rhetoric with the greatest effects on empathy and tolerance for violence. Wilson argues that inciting speech should be handled under the preventative doctrine of inchoate crimes, but that once international crimes have been committed, then ordering and complicity are the most appropriate forms of criminal liability. Based in extensive original research, this book proposes an evidence-based risk assessment model for monitoring political speech.

Reviews

'As advocates and courts struggle to address the intuition that speech is to blame for sometimes massive harm, Richard Ashby Wilson has given the cutting edge topic social scientific richness and reflective depth. A superb achievement.'

Samuel Moyn - Yale Law School

'Richard Wilson’s Incitement on Trial makes a powerful argument about how the law should address conduct that often plays a crucial role in fomenting crimes against humanity and genocide. It is an outstanding book.'

Aryeh Neier - President Emeritus, Open Society Foundations

'Professor Richard Ashby Wilson’s Incitement on Trial: Prosecuting International Speech Crimes is an outstanding text on a frequently misinterpreted, if not ill-used, area of international criminal law - the crime of incitement. What distinguishes Incitement on Trial from many other texts on substantive international criminal law is that it is based in part on extensive original empirical research. … Wilson has authored a highly useful and out-of-the box treatise on the crime of incitement, and in no small measure, the mode of liability, instigation. Incitement on Trial makes an invaluable contribution to this field of international criminal law. Judges, prosecutors, defense lawyers, and civil party lawyers are well advised to not only consult his gem, but to take the time to study much of what is covered, including some of the rich material referenced by Wilson.'

Michael Karnavas Source: michaelgkarnavas (www.michaelgkarnavas.net/blog)

'The book is a very sharply focussed examination of the workings of the international court and its treatment of the inchoate crime of incitement. As such it would be most at home in academic law libraries with strong international criminal collections.'

David Hurren Source: Canadian Law Library Review

'Wilson provides an interesting and thorough analysis of the effects of speech acts. Moreover, to discover how far the assumptions underlying the law in this area are based in fact, Wilson draws on his own empirical studies, his statistical database of ICTY [International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia] experts, and original research on the effects of hate speech …'

Wibke K. Timmermann Source: Journal of International Criminal Justice

'Wilson’s book is pioneering in its ambitious goal of offering concrete suggestions regarding how different types of knowledge can inform the legal doctrine of international criminal law, enhancing the law’s ability to offer an effective regulatory response to inciting speech.'

Nicola Palmer and Felix Kroner Source: International Journal of Transitional Justice

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

Bibliography

Cases

  • Abrams v. United States, 250 US 616 (1919).

  • Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro.) International Court of Justice. Judgment of 26 February 2007.

  • Atlantic Coast Line Railway Company v. Daniels (1911) 8 Ga. App. 775, 70 SE 203.

  • Berkey v. Third Ave. Ry. Co. 244 N.Y. 84, 94, 155 N.E. 58, 61 (1926).

  • Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 US 444 (1969).

  • Burrage v. United States, 571 US___ (2014).

  • Chaplinsky v. State of New Hampshire, 315 US 568 (1942).

  • Clark v. Commonwealth, 676 S.E.2d 332 (2009).

  • Commonwealth v. Berggren, 398 Mass. 338, 496 N.E.2d 660 (1986).

  • Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 113 S. Ct. 2786 (1993).

  • Elonis v. United States, 13–983 US (2015).

  • Folkes v. Chadd, 3 Dougl. 157, 99 Eng. Rep. 589 (K.B. 1782).

  • Hess v. Indiana, 414 US 105 (1973).

  • In re Winship, 397 US 358, 90 S.Ct. 1068, 25 L.Ed. 2d 368 (1970), 9.

  • M’Naghten’s Case, 8 Eng.Rep. 718 (1843).

  • McCullough v. State, 99 Nev. 72, 657 P.2d 1157 (Nev. 1983).

  • Oxendine v. State 528 A.2d 870 (Del. 1987).

  • Palsgraf v. Long Island R.R. Co. (1928) 248 NY 339, 162 NE 99.

  • People v. Acosta, 284 Cal. Rptr. 117 (1991).

  • Prosecutor v. Jean Paul Akayesu

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, ICTR-96-4-T, 2 September 1998.

  • Judgment on Appeal, ICTR-96-4-A, 1 June 2001.

  • Prosecutor v. Ignace Bagilishema

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, ICTR-95-1A-T, 7 June 2001.

  • Prosecutor v. Predrag Banović

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-02-65/1-S, 28 October 2003.

  • Prosecutor v. Simon Bikindi

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, ICTR-01-72-T, 2 December 2008.

  • Judgment on Appeal, ICTR-01-72-A, 18 March 2010.

  • Prosecutor v. Vidoje Blagojević & Dragan Jokić

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-02-60-T, 17 January 2005.

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-02-60-A, 9 May 2007.

  • Prosecutor v. Tihomir Blaškić

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-95-14-T, 3 March 2000.

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-95-14-A, 29 July 2004.

  • Prosecutor v. Charles Blé Goudé

  • Decision on the Confirmation of Charges Against Charles Blé Goudé, ICC-02/11-02/11-186, 11 December 2014.

  • Prosecutor v. Ljube Boškoski and Johan Tarčulovski

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-04-82-A, 19 May 2010.

  • Prosecutor v. Radoslav Brđanin

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-99-36-T, 1 September 2004.

  • Prosecutor v. Zejnil Delalić, Zdravko Mucić, Hazim Delić and Esad LandžoAppeals Chamber Judgment, IT-96-21-A, 20 February 2001.

  • Prosecutor v. Dražen Erdemović

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-96-22-Tbis, 5 March 1998.

  • Prosecutor v. Anto Furundžija

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-95-17/1-T, 10 December 1998.

  • Prosecutor v. Sylvestre Gacumbtsi

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, ICTR-2001-64-A, 7 July 2006.

  • Prosecutor v. Sefer Halilović

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-01-48-T, 16 November 2005.

  • Prosecutor v. Ahmad Muhammad Harun & Ali Muhammad Al Abd-Al-Rahman

  • Warrant of Arrest, ICC-02/05-01/07, 27 April 2007.

  • Prosecutor v. Goran Jelisić

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-95-10-A, 5 July 2001.

  • In the Case Against Petar Jojić, Jovo Ostojić and Vjerica Radeta

  • Trial Chamber Decision, Order Lifting Confidentiality of Order in Lieu of Indictment and Arrest Warrants, IT-03-67-R77.5, 1 December 2015.

  • Prosecutor v. Juvénal Kajelijeli

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, ICTR-98-44A-T, 1 December 2003.

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, ICTR-98-44A-A, 23 May 2005.

  • Prosecutor v. Callixte Kalimanzira

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, ICTR 05-88-T, 22 June 2009.

  • Prosecutor v. Jean Kambanda

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, ICTR 97-23-T, 4 September 1998.

  • Prosecutor v. Radovan Karadžić

  • Third Amended Indictment, IT-95-5/18-PT, 27 February 2009.

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-95-5/18-T, 24 March 2016.

  • Prosecutor v. François Karera

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, ICTR-01-74-T, 7 December 2007.

  • Prosecutor v. Clément Kayishema & Obed Ruzindana

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, ICTR-95-1-T, 21 May 1999.

  • Prosecutor v. Dario Kordić and Mario Čerkez

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-95-14/2-T, 26 February 2001.

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-95-14/2-A, 17 December 2004.

  • Prosecutor v. Momcilo Krajišnik

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-00-39-A, 17 March 2009.

  • Prosecutor v. Radislav Krstić

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-98-33-T, 2 August 2001.

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-98-33-A, 19 April 2004.

  • Prosecutor v. Miroslav Kvočka et al.

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-98-30/1-T, 2 November 2001.

  • Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo

  • Pre-Trial Chamber Decision on Confirmation of Charges, 29 January 2007.

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, ICC-01/04-01/06, 14 March 2012.

  • Prosecutor v. Milan Lukić and Sredoje Lukić

  • Decision on Second Prosecution Motion for the Admission of Evidence Pursuant to Rule 92 bis (Two Expert Witnesses), IT-98-32/1-T, 23 July 2008.

  • Prosecutor v. Callixte Mbarushimana

  • Decision on the Confirmation of Charges, ICC-01/04-01/10, 16 December 2011, Section VII.3.b.

  • Prosecutor v. Milan Milutinović et al.

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-05-87-T, 26 February 2009.

  • Prosecutor v. Mile Mrkšić, Miroslav Radić & Veselin Šljivančanin

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-95-13/1-A, 5 May 2009.

  • Prosecutor v. Justin Mugenzi and Prosper Mugiraneza

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, ICTR-99-50-A, 4 February 2013.

  • Prosecutor v. Alfred Musema

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, ICTR-96-13-T, 27 January 2000.

  • Prosecutor v. Tharcisse Muvunyi

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, ICTR-2000-55-A-A, 29 August 2008.

  • Prosecutor v. Ferdinand Nahimana, Jean-Bosco Barayagwisa, Hassan Ngeze

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, ICTR-99-52-T, 3 December 2003.

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, ICTR-99-52-A, 28 November 2007.

  • Prosecutor v. Augustin Ngirabatware

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, ICTR-99-54-T, 20 December 2012.

  • Prosecutor v. Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, ICC-01/04-02/12 52, 18 December 2012.

  • Appeals Chamber, Second Public Redacted Version of “Prosecution’s Document in Support of Appeal Against the ‘Jugement rendu en application de l’article 74 du Statut’,” ICC-01/04-02/12, 15 October 2014.

  • Prosecutor v. Eliézer Niyitegeka

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, ICTR-96-14-T, 16 May 2003.

  • Prosecutor v. Bosco Ntaganda

  • Decision on the Confirmation of Charges, ICC-01/04-02/06, 9 June 2014.

  • Prosecutor v. Momčilo Perišić

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-05-88-T, 6 September 2011.

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-05-88-A, 28 February 2013.

  • Prosecutor v. Vujadin Popović et al.

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-05-88-T, 10 June 2010.

  • Prosecutor v. Jadranko Prlić et al.

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, T-04-74-T, Separate and Partially Dissenting Opinion of Presiding Judge Jean-Claude Antonetti, Vol. 6 of 6, 29 May 2013.

  • Prosecutor v. Georges Ruggiu

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, ICTR-97-32-I, 1 June 2000.

  • Prosecutor v. William Samoei Ruto, Henry Kiprono Kosgey & Joshua Arap Sang

  • Decision on the Confirmation of Charges Pursuant to Article 61(7)(a) and (b) of the Rome Statute (ICC-01/09-01/11), 23 January 2012.

  • Prosecutor v. William Samoei Ruto and Joshua Arap Sang

  • Decision No. 5 on the Conduct of Trial Proceedings (Principles and Procedure on ‘No Case to Answer’ Motions), 3 June 2014.

  • Prosecution’s Request for notice under regulation 55(2) of possibility of variation with respect to individual criminal responsibility of Mr. Joshua Arap Sang (ICC-01/09-01/11-1951), 8 September 2015.

  • Decision on Defence Applications for Judgments of Acquittal (ICC-01/09-01/11), 5 April 2016.

  • Prosecutor v. Georges Anderson Rutaganda

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, ICTR-96-3-T, 6 December 1999.

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, ICTR-69-3-A, 26 May 2003.

  • Prosecutor v. Nikola Šainović et al.

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-05-87-A, 23 January 2014.

  • Prosecutor v. Issa Hassan Sesay, Morris Kallon and Augustine Gbao

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, SCSL-04-15-A, 26 October 2009.

  • Prosecutor v. Vojislav Šešelj

  • Decision on Anthony Oberschall’s Status as an Expert, IT-03-67-T, 30 November 2007.

  • Third Amended Indictment, IT-03-67-T, 7 December 2007.

  • Prosecution’s Closing Brief, IT-03-67-T, 5 February 2012.

  • Trial Chamber Judgment, IT-03-67-T, 31 March 2016.

  • Partially Dissenting Opinion of Judge Flavia Lattanzi-Amended Version, Vol. 3, IT-03-67-T, 31 March 2016.

  • Prosecutor v. Milan Simić

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-95-9-A, 28 November 2006.

  • Prosecutor v. Milomir Stakić

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-97-24-A, 22 March 2006.

  • Prosecutor v. Pavle Strugar

  • Decision on the Defence Motions to Oppose Admission of Prosecution Expert Reports Pursuant to Rule 94bis, IT-01-42-PT, 1 April 2004.

  • Prosecutor v. Zdravko Tolomir

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-05-88/2-A, Separate and Partially Dissenting Opinion of Judge Antonetti, 14 July 2015.

  • Prosecutor v. Mitar Vasiljević

  • Appeals Chamber Judgment, IT-98-32-A, February 2004.

  • R. v. Derek William Bentley (Deceased). Judgement of England and Wales Court of Appeal (Criminal Division) [1998] EWCA Crim 2516, 1998.

  • R. v. Towers (1987) 12 Cox 530 (T.A.C.).

  • Robert Faurisson v. France, Communication No. 550/1993, UN Doc. CCPR/C/58/D/550/1993 (1996).

  • Schenck v. United States, 250 US 616 (1919).

  • State v. Griffin, 251 Conn. 671, 712–13 n. 17 (1999).

  • State v. Henderson, 27 A.3d 872 (N.J. 2011).

  • State v. Petersen, 270 Or. 166, 526 P.2d 1008 (1974).

  • State v. Portillo, 182 Ariz.592, 898 P.2d 970 (Ariz. 1995).

  • Tauza v. Susquehanna Coal Company, 220 N.Y. 259, 115 N.E. 915 (1917).

  • Trial of the Major War Criminals Before the International Military Tribunal, Nuremberg, 14 November 1945 – 1 October 1946. (Section on Julius Streicher; Part 22, p182, p501).

  • United States v. Frye, 293 F. 1013 (1923).

  • Velazquez v. State. District Court of Appeal of Florida, 1990. 561 So.2d 347.

Books and Articles

Agbor, Avitus A. (2013) Instigation to Crimes Against Humanity: The Flawed Jurisprudence of the Trial and Appeal Chambers of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR). Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff.
Ahmetasević, Nidzara (2010) “Hague Recognizes Propaganda’s Role in Srebrenica Genocide.” Balkan Insight, 7 July 2010. www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/hague-recognises-propaganda-s-role-in-srebrenica-genocide/ Accessed 11 June 2016.
Akhavan, Payam (2001) “Beyond Impunity: Can International Criminal Justice Prevent Future Atrocities?American Journal of International Law, 95(1): 731.
Aksenova, Marina (2016) Complicity in International Criminal Law. Oxford: Hart.
Alexander, Larry and Kessler, Kimberly (1997) “Mens Rea and Inchoate Crimes.” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 87: 1138–93.
American Law Institute (2010) Restatement (Third) of Torts: Liability for Physical & Emotional Harm. St. Paul, MN: American Law Institute Publishers, 2010–2012.
Anders, Gerhard (2011) “Testifying About ‘Uncivilized Events’: Problematic Representations of Africa in the Trial Against Charles Taylor.” Leiden Journal of International Law. 24(4): 937–59. DOI: 10.1017/S0922156511000446
Anderson, Elizabeth S. and Pildes, Richard H. (2000) “Expressive Theories of Law: A General Restatement.” Pennsylvania Law Review. 148: 1503–75.
Anderson, Elizabeth S. and Pildes, Richard H. (2001/1941) The Basic Works of Aristotle. Trans. McKeon, Richard. New York: Random House.
Aristotle, (2004) Rhetoric. Trans. Roberts, W. Rhys. Dover: New York.
Ashworth, Andrew (2009) Principles of Criminal Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ashworth, Andrew and Zedner, Lucia (2014) Preventative Justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Austin, J. L. (1962) How to Do Things with Words. The William James Lectures Delivered at Harvard University in 1955. 1st Edn. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Axelrod, Robert (1984) The Evolution of Cooperation. New York: Basic Books.
Belavusau, Uladzislau (2014) “Experts in Hate Speech Cases. Towards a Higher Standard of Proof in Strasbourg?” In Werner, Wouter and Gruszczyński, Łukasz (eds.), Deference in International Courts and Tribunals: Standard of Review and Margin of Appreciation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 254–71.
Benesch, Susan (2004) “Inciting Genocide, Pleading Free Speech.” World Policy Journal, V21(2): 62–9.
Benesch, Susan (2008) “Vile Crime or Inalienable Right: Defining Incitement to Genocide.” Virginia Journal of International Law, 48(3): 486528.
Benesch, Susan (2012) “The Ghost of Causation in International Speech Crime Cases.” In Dojčinović, P. (ed.), Propaganda, War Crimes and International Law: From Speakers’ Corner to War Crimes. Abingdon, NY: Routledge, pp. 254–68.
Berger, Linda L. (2013) “Metaphor and Analogy: The Sun and Moon of Legal Persuasion.” Journal of Law and Policy, 22(1): 147–95.
Berger, Sebastian and Elsner, Wolfram (2007) “European Contributions to Evolutionary Institutional Economics: The Cases of Cumulative Circular Causation (CCC) and Open System Approach (OSA). Some Methodological and Policy Implications.” Journal of Economic Issues, 41 (2): 529–37.
Bernays, Edward (1928/2005) Propaganda. New York: Ig Publishing.
Black, Henry Campbell (2009) Black’s Law Dictionary. 9th Edn. Garner, Bryan A. (ed.). St. Paul, MN: West.
Boas, Gideon (2007) The Milosevic Trial: Lessons for the Conduct of Complex International Criminal Proceedings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bosmajian, Haig A. (1992) Metaphor and Reason in Judicial Opinions. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
Bourdieu, Pierre (1984) Distinction. A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Bourdieu, Pierre (2000) Pascalian Meditations. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.
Brass, Marcel and Haggard, Patrick (2007) “To Do or Not to Do: The Neural Signature of Self-Control.” Journal of Neuroscience. 27(34): 9141–5.
Browning, Christopher (1998) Ordinary Men: Reserve Police Battalion 101 and the Final Solution in Poland. New York: Harper Collins. First published 1992.
Burger, J. M. (2009) “Replicating Milgram: Would People Still Obey Today?American Psychologist. 64: 111.
Cahill, Michael T. (2012) “Defining Inchoate Crimes: An Incomplete Attempt.” Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law. 9: 751–9.
Camp, Elizabeth (2006) “Metaphor in the Mind: The Cognition of Metaphor.” Philosophy Compass. 1/2: 154–70.
Campbell, Duncan (1998) “Justice at Last, 45 Years Too Late.” The Guardian. 31 July 1998.
Caplan, Gerald (2007) “Rwanda: Walking the Road to Genocide.” In Thompson, Allan (ed.), The Media and the Rwanda Genocide. London: Pluto Press, pp. 2037.
Cardozo, Benjamin (1931) Law and Literature and Other Essays and Addresses. New York: Harcourt Brace and Co.
Carruthers, Susan (2000) The Media Wars. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Carver, Richard (2000) “Broadcasting and Political Transition: Rwanda and Beyond.” In Fardon, R. and Furniss, G. (eds.), African Broadcast Cultures: Radio in Transition. Oxford: James Currey, pp. 188–97.
Cassese, Antonio (2008) International Criminal Law. 2nd Edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cassese, Antonio and Gaeta, Paola (2013) Cassese’s International Criminal Law. Revised by Cassese, A., Gaeta, P., Baig, L., Fan, M., Gosnell, C. and Whiting, A.. 3rd Edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cavell, Stanley (1979) The Claim of Reason: Wittgenstein, Skepticism, Morality and Tragedy. New York: Oxford University Press.
Cavell, Stanley (2005) “Passionate and Performative Utterances.” In Gordon, R. B. (ed.), Contending with Stanley Cavell. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 178–98.
Chiesa, Luis (2008) “Duress, Demanding Heroism and Proportionality: The Erdemovic Case and Beyond.” Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, (41): 741–73.
Chrétien, J. P., Dupaquier, J. F., Kabanda, M. and Ngarambe, J. (1995) Rwanda: Les Medias du Genocide. Paris: Karthala.
Clarke, Kamari (2009) Fictions of Justice: The International Criminal Court and the Challenge of Legal Pluralism in Sub-Saharan Africa. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Clarke, Kamari (2010) “Rethinking Africa Through Its Exclusions: The Politics of Naming Criminal Responsibility.” Anthropological Quarterly 83(3): 625–52.
Clermont, Kevin and Sherwin, Emily (2002) “A Comparative View of Standards of Proof.” American Journal of Comparative Law. 50(2): 243–76.
Cohen, Felix (1935) “Transcendental Nonsense and the Functional Approach.” Columbia Law Review. 35(6): 809–49.
Collins, Barry E. (1974) “Four Components of the Rotter Internal-External Scale: Belief in a Difficult World, a Just World, a Predictable World, and a Politically Responsive World.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 29(3): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0036015.
Combs, Nancy A. (2010) Fact-Finding Without Facts. The Uncertain Evidentiary Foundations of International Criminal Convictions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Constable, Marianne (2014) Our Word Is Our Bond: How Legal Speech Acts. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Corcoran, Hannah, Lader, Deborah and Smith, Kevin (2015) Hate Crime, England and Wales, 2014/15, Statistical Bulletin 05/15, London: UK Home Office.
Cryer, Robert, Friman, Håkan, Robinson, Darryl and Wilmshurst, Elizabeth (2014) An Introduction to International Criminal Law and Procedure. 3rd Edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dale, A. C. (2001) “Countering Hate Messages That Lead to Violence: The United Nations’ Chapter VII Authority to Use Radio Jamming to Halt Incendiary Broadcasts.” Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law, 11: 109451.
Davidson, Donald (2001) “What Metaphors Mean.” In Inquiries into Truth and Interpretation. 2nd Edn. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 245–64.
Davidson, H. Ron (2004) “The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda’s Decision in The Prosecutor v. Ferdinand Nahimana et al.: The Past, Present, and Future of International Incitement Law.” Leiden Journal of International Law, 17(3): 505–19.
Davies, Thomas (2009) “How the Rome Statute Weakens the International Prohibition on Incitement to Genocide.” Harvard Human Rights Journal. (22): 245–70.
Davis, G. Scott (1996) Religion and Justice in the War over Bosnia. London: Routledge.
De le Brosse, Renaud (2003) Political Propaganda and a Plan to Create a “State for All Serbs”: Consequences of Using the Media for Ultra-Nationalist Ends. Report Compiled at the request of the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). 4 February 2003. Case Slobodan Milošević, Case No. IT-02–54.
De Quervain, D. J. F., Fischbacher, U., Treyer, V., Schellhammer, M., Schnyder, U., Buck, A. and Fehr, E. (2004) “The Neural Basis of Altruistic Punishment.” Science. 27 August 2004; 305(5688): 1254–8. DOI: 10.1126/science.1100735
DeCoux, Elizabeth L. (2007) “The Admission of Unreliable Expert Testimony Offered by the Prosecution: What’s Wrong with Daubert and How to Make It Right.” Utah Law Review. pp 131166.
Del Ponte, Carla (2008) Madam Prosecutor: Confrontations with Humanity’s Worst Criminals and the Culture of Impunity: A Memoir. With Sudetic, Chuck. New York: Other Press.
Dembour, Marie-Bénédicte and Kelly, Tobias (2007) Paths to International Justice: Social and Legal Perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Des Forges, Alison (1999) “Propaganda and Practice.” Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda. New York: Human Rights Watch. March 1999.
Dharmapala, Dhammika and McAdams, Richard H. (2005) “Words That Kill? An Economic Model of the Influence of Speech on Behavior (with Particular Reference to Hate Speech).” Journal of Legal Studies, 34(1): 93136.
Dion, Karen, Berscheid, Ellen and Walster, Elaine (1972) “What Is Beautiful Is Good.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24(3): 285290.
Dodd, Thomas J. Defense of Streicher, University of Connecticut: Archives & Special Collections at the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, http://archives.lib.uconn.edu/islandora/object/20002%3A1953#page/1/mode/2up.
Dodd, Thomas J. Individual Responsibility of the Defendant Julius Streicher, University of Connecticut: Archives & Special Collections at the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, http://archives.lib.uconn.edu/islandora/object/20002%3A1942#page/1/mode/2up.
Dodd, Thomas J. Office of US Chief of Counsel Memorandum for Mr. Dodd, Harriet Zetterberg Margolies, 29 May 1946, at http://archives.lib.uconn.edu/islandora/object/20002%3A1953#page/1/mode/2up.
Dodd, Thomas J. Prosecution oral Presentation against Fritzsche, University of Connecticut: Archives & Special Collections at the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, http://archives.lib.uconn.edu/islandora/object/20002:1536#page/1/mode/2up.
Dojčinović, Predrag (ed.) (2012) Propaganda, War Crimes and International Law: From Speakers’ Corner to War Crimes. Abingdon, NY: Routledge.
Dojčinović, Predrag (2014) “The Chameleon of Mens Rea and the Shifting Guises of Genocidal Intent in International Criminal Proceedings,” Visiting Gladstein Professor Lecture in Human Rights, University of Connecticut, 3 April 2014.
Donia, Robert J. (2015) Radovan Karadžić: Architect of the Bosnian Genocide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Douglas, Lawrence (1995) “Film as Witness: Screening ‘Nazi Concentration Camps’ Before the Nuremberg Tribunal.” The Yale Law Journal, 105(2): 449–81.
Douglas, Lawrence (2001) The Memory of Judgment: Making Law and History in the Trials of the Holocaust. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Dower, John (1986) War without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War. New York: Pantheon.
Dressler, Joshua (2009) Understanding Criminal Law. 5th Edn. Newark: Matthew Bender.
Dressler, Joshua and Garvey, Stephen P. (2012) Cases and Materials in Criminal Law. 6th Edn. St. Paul, MN: West Academic.
Drumbl, Mark (2007) “The Expressive Value of Prosecuting and Punishing Terrorists: Hamdan, the Geneva Conventions, and International Criminal Law.” George Washington Law Review, 75(5–6): 1165–99.
Eastwood, Margaret (2012) “Hitler’s Notorious Jew-Baiter: The Prosecution of Julius Streicher.” In Dojčinović, Predrag (ed.), Propaganda, War Crimes and International Law: From Speakers’ Corner to War Crimes. Abingdon, NY: Routledge.
Enoch, David, Spectre, Levi and Fisher, Talia (2012) “Statistical Evidence, Sensitivity, and the Legal Value of Knowledge.” Philosophy and Public Affairs, 40(3): 197224.
Eltringham, Nigel (2004) Accounting for Horror: Post-Genocide Debates in Rwanda. London: Pluto Press.
Eltringham, Nigel (2006) “‘Invaders Who Have Stolen the Country’: The Hamitic Hypothesis, Race and the Rwandan Genocide.” Social Identities, 12(4): 425–46.
Eltringham, Nigel (2012) “Spectators to the Spectacle of Law: The Formation of a ‘Validating Public’ at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.” Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology, 773: 425–45.
Eltringham, Nigel (2013) “‘Illuminating the Broader Context’: Anthropological and Historical Knowledge at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 19(2): 338–55.
Fazio, R. H. (1990) “Multiple Processes by Which Attitudes Guide Behavior: The MODE Model as an Integrative Framework.” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 23: 75110.
Fehr, E. and Gächter, S. (2002) “Altruistic Punishment in Humans.” Nature, 415(6868): 137–40.
Feingold, A. (1992) “Good-Looking People Are Not What We Think.” Psychological Bulletin, 111: 304–41.
Feldman, Robin (2009) The Role of Science in Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fišer, Nenad (2012) “The Indictable Propaganda: A Bottom Up Perspective.” In Dojčinović, Predrag (ed.) Propaganda, War Crimes and International Law: From Speakers’ Corner to War Crimes. Abingdon, NY: Routledge, pp. 3370.
Fish, Stanley (1994) There’s No Such Thing as Free Speech and It’s a Good Thing, Too. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fishbein, M. (1967) “Attitude and the Prediction of Behaviour.” In Fishbein, M. (ed.), Readings in Attitude Theory and Measurement. New York: Wiley.
Fishbein, M and Ajzen, I. (1974). “Attitudes Towards Objects as Predictors of Single and Multiple Behavioural Criteria.” Psychological Review, 81(1): 2974.
Fiske, S. T. and Dupree, C. (2014). “Gaining Trust as Well as Respect in Communicating to Motivated Audiences About Science Topics.” PNAS: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(4): 13593–7.
Fiske, S. T. and Durante, F. (2014) “Never Trust a Politician? Collective Distrust, Relational Accountability, and Voter Response.” In van Prooijen, J.-W. and van Lange, P. (eds.), Power, Politics & Paranoia. Cambridge University Press.
Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J., Glick, P. and Xu, J. (2002) “A Model of (Often Mixed) Stereotype Content: Competence and Warmth Respectively Follow from Perceived Status and Competition.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6): 878902.
Friedland, Steven I., Bergman, Paul and Taslitz, Andrew E. (2012) Evidence Law and Practice. 5th Edn. New Providence: LexisNexis.
Garland, Brent (ed.) (2004) Neuroscience and the Law: Brain, Mind and the Scales of Justice. New York: Dana Press.
Gatowski, S. I., Dobbin, S. A., Richardson, J. T., Ginsburg, G. P., Merlino, M. L. and Dahir, V. (2001) “Asking the Gatekeepers: A National Survey of Judges and Judging Expert Evidence in a Post-Daubert World.” Law and Human Behavior, 25(5): 433–58.
Gaudreault-DesBiens, J. (2000) “From Sisyphus’s Dilemma to Sisyphus’s Duty? A Meditation on the Regulation of Hate Propaganda in Relation to Hate Crimes and Genocide.” McGill Law Journal, 46: 121–38.
Gazzaniga, Michael S. and Steven, Megan S. (2004) “Free Will in the Twenty-First Century: A Discussion of Neuroscience and the Law.” In Garland, Brent (ed.), Neuroscience and the Law: Brain, Mind and the Scales of Justice. Dana Press: New York.
Geertz, Clifford (1983) “Common Sense as a Cultural System.” Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology. New York: Basic Books.
Gerken, Heather (2017) “Federalism 3.0.” New York University Law School: 2017 Thomas M. Jorde Symposium, 1 March 2017.
Gey, Steven (2010) “The Brandenburg Paradigm and Other First Amendments.” University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law, 12: 9711052.
German Criminal Code (Übersetzung des Strafgesetzbuches) (2015), Trans. Bohlander, Michael. Saarbrücken: Juris GmbH. www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_stgb/englisch_stgb.html
Goff, Phillip Atiba et al. (2008) “Not Yet Human: Implicit Knowledge, Historical Dehumanization, and Contemporary Consequences.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94(2): 292306.
Goodale, Mark (2017) Anthropology and Law: A Critical Introduction. New York: NYU Press.
Goodman, Russell (ed.) (2005) Contending with Stanley Cavell. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gordon, Gregory S. (2005) “A War of Media, Words, Newspapers, and Radio Stations: The ICTR Media Trial Verdict and a New Chapter in the International Law of Hate Speech.” Virginia Journal International Law, 45(139): 160.
Gordon, Gregory S. (2008) “From Incitement to Indictment? Prosecuting Iran’s President for Advocating Israel’s Destruction and Piecing Together Incitement Law’s Emerging Analytical Framework.” Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 98(3): 853920.
Gordon, Gregory S. (2010) “Music and Genocide: Harmonizing Coherence, Freedom and Nonviolence in Incitement Law.” Santa Clara Law Review, 50: 607–46.
Gordon, Gregory S. (2012) “Formulating a New Atrocity Speech Offense: Incitement to Commit War Crimes.” Loyola University Chicago Law Journal, 43(2): 281316.
Gray, Kurt and Wegner, Daniel M. (2012) “The Social Psychology of Morality: Exploring the Causes of Good and Evil.” In Mikulincer, Mario and Shaver, Phillip R. (eds.), Morality Takes Two: Dyadic Morality and Mind Perception. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association pp. 109–27, http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/13091–006
Green, Leon (1927) Rationale of Proximate Cause. Kansas City: Vernon Law Book Company.
Green, Michael Steven (2005) “Legal Realism as Theory of Law.” William & Mary Law Review, (46): 19152000. http://ssrn.com/abstract=761007
Greenawalt, Kent (1989) Speech, Crime, and the Uses of Language. New York: Oxford University Press.
Grice, Paul (1986) Studies in the Ways of Words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Groscup, Jennifer L. et. al. (2002) “The Effects of Daubert on the Admissibility of Expert Testimony in State and Federal Criminal Cases.” Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 8(4): 339–72.
Gustafsson, Martin and Sorli, Richard (2012) The Philosophy of J. L. Austin. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Haidt, J., McCauley, C. and Rozin, P. (1994) “Individual Differences in Sensitivity to Disgust: A Scale Sampling Seven Domains of Disgust Elicitors.” Personality and Individual Differences, 16: 701–13.
Haiman, Franklyn S. (1992) “Speech Acts” and the First Amendment. Carbondale, IL; Southern Illinois University Press.
Hare, Ivan and Weinstein, James (eds.) (2010) Extreme Speech and Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Harris, Lasana T. and Fiske, Susan T. (2006) “Dehumanizing the Lowest of the Low: Neuroimaging Responses to Extreme Out-Groups.” Journal of Psychological Science, 17(10): 847–53.
Harris, Lasana T. and Fiske, Susan T. (2011) “Dehumanized Perception: A Psychological Means to Facilitate Atrocities, Torture and Genocide?Journal of Psychology, 219(3): 175–81.
Hart, H. L. A. (1961) The Concept of Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Hart, H. L. A. and Honoré, Tony (1985) Causation in the Law. 2nd Edn. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Harvard Law Review (2012) “Evidence – Eyewitness Identifications – New Jersey Supreme Court Uses Psychological Research to Update Admissibility Standards for Out-of-Court Identifications. – State v. Henderson, 27 A.3d 872 (N.J. 2011).” 125(6): 1514–21.
Haslam, N. (2006) “Dehumanization: An Integrative Review.” Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(3): 252–64.
Haslam, N., Bain, P., Douge, L., Lee, M. and Bastian, B. (2005) “More Human than You: Attributing Humanness to Self and Others.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6): 937–50.
Healy, Thomas (2009) “Brandenburg in a Time of Terror.” Notre Dame Law Review, 84(2): 655731.
Hola, Barbora (2012) International Sentencing: A Game of Russian Roulette or Consistent Practice? Amsterdam: VU Universiteit/Uitgeverij BOXPress.
Hola, Barbora, Smeulers, A. and Bijleveld, C. (2011) “International Sentencing Facts and Figures: Sentencing Practice at the ICTY.” and ICTR, Journal of International Criminal Justice, 9(2): 411–39.
International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (2002) The Responsibility to Protect: The Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. Ottawa: IDRC.
Independent International Commission on Kosovo (2000) Kosovo Report: Conflict, International Response, Lessons Learned. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
International Criminal Court Rules of Procedure and Evidence. Adopted by the Assembly of States Parties. First session. New York, 3–10 September 2002. Official Records ICC-ASP/1/3. Legal citation: ICC-ASP/1/3, at 10, and Corr. 1 (2002), UN Doc. PCNICC/2000/1/Add.1 (2000).
International Criminal Court (2011) Elements of Crimes. The Hague: International Criminal Court. Legal Citation: ICC-PIDS-LT-03–002/11_Eng
International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (2015) Rules of Procedure and Evidence. IT/32/Rev.50. 8 July 2015. Hague: ICTY.
International Law Commission (1996) Draft Code of Crimes Against the Peace and Security of Mankind. Report of the International Law Commission on the work of its forty-eighth session, 6 May–26 July 1996, Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-first session, Supplement No. 10, Extract from the Yearbook of the International Law Commission 1996. UN Doc. A/CN.4/L.532, corr. 1, corr. 3 (1996).
Irwin, Rachel (2012) “Prosecutors Seek 28–Year Jail Term for Šešelj.” Institute for War and Peace Reporting. http://iwpr.net/report-news/prosecutors-seek-28-year-jail-term-seselj. Accessed 9 March 2017.
Jacoby, Susan (1983). Wild Justice: The Evolution of Revenge. HarperCollins Publishers.
Jackson, Miles (2015) Complicity in International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Janis, Mark W., Kay, Richard S. and Bradley, Anthony W. (2008) European Human Rights Law. 3rd Edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Jasanoff, Sheila (1995) Science at the Bar. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Jenkins, Pamela J. and Kroll-Smith, Steve (eds.) (1996) Witnessing for Sociology: Sociologists in Court. Westport: Praeger.
Jordan, Constance (ed.) (2013) Reason and Imagination: The Selected Correspondence of Learned Hand. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Jost, J. T. and Thompson, E. P. (2000) “Group-Based Dominance and Opposition to Equality as Independent Predictors of Self-Esteem, Ethnocentrism, and Social Policy Attitudes Among African Americans and European Americans.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 36(3): 209232. DOI: 10.1006/jesp.1999.1403
Jowett, Garth S. and O’Donnell, Victoria (2006) Propaganda and Persuasion. 4th Edn. London: SAGE.
Jowett, Garth S. and O’Donnell, Victoria (2012) Propaganda and Persuasion. 5th Edn. London: SAGE.
Kahan, Dan M., Hoffman, David A. and Braman, Donald (2009) “Whose Eyes are You Going to Believe? Scott v. Harris and the Perils of Cognitive Illiberalism.” Harvard Law Review, 122(3): 838903.
Kahan, Dan M., Hoffman, David, Evans, Danieli, Devins, Neal, Lucci, Eugene and Cheng, Katherine (2016) “‘Ideology’ or ‘Situation Sense’? An Experimental Investigation of Motivated Reasoning and Professional Judgment.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 64: 349439.
Kaid, Linda Lee (2004) Handbook of Political Communication Research. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers.
Kalyvas, Stathis (2006) The Logic of Violence in Civil War. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kao, Justine T., Bergen, Leon and Goodman, Noah D. (2014) “Formalizing the Pragmatics of Metaphor Understanding.” Unpublished paper. http://cocolab.stanford.edu/papers/KaoEtAl2014.pdf
Kearney, M. G. (2007) The Prohibition of Propaganda for War in International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kearney, Joseph D. and Merrill, Thomas W. (2000) “The Influence of Amicus Briefs on the Supreme Court.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review. 148(3): 743855.
Kelly, Tobias (2011) This Side of Silence: Human Rights, Torture, and the Recognition of Cruelty. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Kelman, Herbert G. (1973) “Violence Without Moral Restraint: Reflections on the Dehumanization of Victims and Victimizers.” Journal of Social Issues, 29(4): 2561.
Kelsall, Tim (2009) Culture Under Cross-Examination: International Justice and the Special Court for Sierra Leone. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kiper, Jordan (2015) “War Propaganda, War Crimes and Post-Conflict Justice in Serbia: An Ethnographic Account.” The International Journal of Human Rights, 19(2): 120.
Klinkner, Melanie (2008) “Proving Genocide? Forensic Expertise and the ICTY.” Journal of International Criminal Justice, 6(3): 447466.
Klug, Heinz and Merry, Sally (eds.) (2016) The New Legal Realism: Studying Law Globally. Vol. II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Krauss, Robert M. and Chiu, Chi-Yue (1997) In Gilbert, D., Fiske, S. and Lindsey, G. (eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology. Vol. 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 4188.
Kruger, J. and Gilovich, T. (2004) “Actions, Intentions, and Self-Assessment: The Road to Self-Enhancement Is Paved with Good Intentions.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(3): 328–39.
Kuper, Leo (1985) The Prevention of Genocide. New Haven: Yale University Press.
La Mort, Justin (2009) “The Soundtrack to Genocide in the Bikindi Trial to Protect Free Speech and Uphold the Promise of Never Again.” Interdisciplinary Journal of Human Rights Law, 4(1): 4360.
La Tour, Bruno (2010) The Making of Law: An Ethnography of the Conseil D’État. London: Polity Press.
Lacey, Nicola (2004) A Life of HLA Hart: The Nightmare and the Noble Dream. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lakoff, George (2009) “The Neural Theory of Metaphor.” 2 January 2009. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1437794
Lakoff, George and Johnson, Mark (1980) Metaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lamoine, George, ed. (1992) Charges to the Grand Jury 1689–1803. Camden Fourth Series. Vol. 43. London: Royal Historical Society.
Langer, Máximo (2005) “The Rise of Managerial Judging in International Criminal Law.” American Journal of Comparative Law, 53(4): 835909.
Langton, Rae (1993) “Speech Acts and Unspeakable Acts.” Philosophy and Public Affairs, 22(4): 293330.
Lasswell, Harold (1927) Propaganda Technique in the World War. New York: Knopf.
Lewis, David (1973) “Causation.” Journal of Philosophy, 70(17): 556–67.
Li, Darryl (2004) “Echoes of Violence: Considerations on Radio and Genocide in Rwanda.” Journal of Genocide Research. 6(1): 928.
Libet, Benjamin W. (1999) “Do We Have Free Will?Journal of Consciousness Studies, 6 (8–9): 4757.
Lillie, Christine M., Knapp, Brock, Harris, Lasana T. and Wilson, Richard Ashby (2015) “This Is the Hour of Revenge: The Psychology of Propaganda and Mass Atrocities.” 18 March 2015. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2580521 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2580521
Loxley, James (2007) Performativity. London: Routledge.
Mackie, J. L. (1965) “Causes and Conditions.” American Philosophical Quarterly, 2(4): 245–64.
MacKinnon, Catherine A. (1993) Only Words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
MacKinnon, Catherine A. (2009) Prosecutor v. Nahimana, Barayagwiza, & Ngeze. Case No. ICTR 99–52-T. American Journal of International Law, 98(2): 325–30.
Maine, Henry Sumner (1982/1861) Ancient Law. London: John Murray. Original reprinted by The Legal Classics Library, Birmingham, Alabama.
Maravilla, Christopher Scott (2008) “Hate Speech as a War Crime: Public and Direct Incitement to Genocide in International Law.” Tulane Journal of International and Comparative Law, 17(1): 113–44.
Mayson, Sandra G. (2016) “Dangerous Defendants.” University of Pennsylvania Law School, Public Law Research Paper No. 16–30. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2826600
McCullough, M. E., Kurzban, R. and Tabak, B. A. (2010) “Evolved Mechanisms for Revenge and Forgiveness.” In Shaver, P. R. and Mikulincer, M. (eds.), Understanding and Reducing Aggression, Violence, and Their Consequences. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, pp. 221–39.
McDougal, Myres S. and Lasswell, Harold D. (1967) “Jurisprudence in Policy-Oriented Perspective.” Yale University Faculty Scholarship Series, Paper 2582 (New Haven, CT: Yale). http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/fss_papers/2582
McKinley, Maggie (2016) “Lobbying and the Petition Clause.” Stanford Law Review. 68(5): 11311205.
Meijers, Tim and Glashuis, Marlies (2013) “Expression of Justice or Political Trial? Discursive Battles in the Karadžić Case.” Human Rights Quarterly 35(3): 720–52.
Melzer, Nils (2009) Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities Under Humanitarian Law. Geneva: ICRC.
Mendel, Toby (2006) Study on International Standards Relating to Incitement to Genocide or Racial Hatred. United Nations: UN Special Advisor on the Prevention of Genocide.
Merry, Sally Engle, Davis, Kevin and Kingsbury, Benedict (eds.) (2015) The Quiet Power of Indicators: Measuring Governance, Corruption, and Rule of Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mertz, Elizabeth (ed.) (2008) The Role of Social Science in Law. Farnham: Ashgate.
Mertz, Elizabeth, Macaulay, Stewart and Mitchell, Thomas W. (eds.) (2016) The New Legal Realism: Translating Law-and-Society for Today’s Legal Practice. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Metzl, J. F. (1997) “Rwandan Genocide and the International Law of Radio Jamming.” American Journal of International Law, 91(4): 628–51.
Miles, Thomas J. and Sunstein, Cass R. (2007) “The New Legal Realism.” University of Chicago Law Review, 75: 831–51.
Milgram, Stanley (1974) Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View. New York: Harper and Row.
Mill, John Stuart (1989/1859) On Liberty and Other Writings. Edited by Collini, Stefan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mironko, Charles (2007) “The Effect of RTLM’s Rhetoric of Ethnic Hatred in Rural Rwanda.” In Thompson, Allan (ed.), The Media and the Rwanda Genocide. London: Pluto Press, pp. 125–35.
Misser, Francois and Jaumain, Yves (1994) “Death by Radio,” Index on Censorship, 23:72.
Mitchell, Neil J. (2004) Agents of Atrocity: Leaders, Followers and the Violation of Human Rights in Civil War. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan
Moenssens, Andre A., Bacigal, Ronald J., Ashdown, Gerald G. and Hench, Virginia E. (2003) Criminal Law. 7th Edn. New York: Foundation Press.
Monahan, John and Skeem, Jennifer L. (2016) “Risk Assessment in Criminal Sentencing.” Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12: 489513. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-021815-092945
Monahan, John and Laurens Walker, W. (2010) Social Science in Law: Cases and Materials, 7th Edn. New York: Thomson Reuters/Foundation Press.
Moore, Michael S. (2009) Causation and Responsibility: An Essay in Law, Morals, and Metaphysics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Moran, Rachel (2010) “What Counts as Knowledge? A Reflection on Race, Social Science, and the Law.” Law and Society Review, 44(3/4): 515–51.
Morse, Stephen J. (2004) “Inevitable Mens Rea.” Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, (27): 5164.
Morse, Stephen J. (2008) “Determinism and the Death of Folk Psychology: Two Challenges to Responsibility from Neuroscience.” Minnesota Journal of Law, Science and Technology, (9): 136.
Morse, Stephen J. and Roskies, Adina L. (2013) A Primer on Criminal Law and Neuroscience. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Moyn, Samuel (2013) “Judith Shklar Versus the International Criminal Court.” Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism and Development, 4(3): 473500.
Mundis, Daryl (2001) “From ‘Common Law’ Towards ‘Civil Law’: The Evolution of the ICTY Rules of Procedure and Evidence.” Leiden Journal of International Law, 14: 367–82.
Myrdal, Gunnar (1944) An American Dilemma, Volume 2: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy. Vol. 2. Edison, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
Myrdal, Gunnar (1957) Economic Theory and Underdeveloped Regions. London: Methuen.
Myrdal, Gunnar (1978) “Institutional Economics.” Journal of Economic Issues, 12(4): 771–83.
Nahmias, Eddy (2015) “Why We Have Free Will.” Scientific American. January, pp. 77–9.
National Research Council (2002) The Age of Expert Testimony: Science in the Courtroom, Report of a Workshop. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
O’Keefe, Daniel J. (2002) “Guilt as a Mechanism of Persuasion.” In Dillard, J. P. and Pfau, M. (eds.), The Persuasion Handbook: Developments in Theory and Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 329–44.
Oberschall, Anthony (2006) “Vojislav Šešelj’s Nationalist Propaganda: Contents, Techniques, Aims and Impacts, 1990–1994.” Expert report for the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Case No. IT-03–67, MFI P5.
Oberschall, Anthony (2012) “Propaganda, Hate Speech and Mass Killings.” In Dojčinović, Predrag (ed.), Propaganda, War Crimes and International Law: From Speakers’ Corner to War Crimes. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, pp. 171200.
Ohlin, Jens David (2009) “Incitement and Conspiracy to Commit Genocide.” In Gaeta, Paola (ed.), The UN Genocide Convention – A Commentary. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Olatunji, B. O., Williams, N. L., Tolin, D. F., Sawchuck, C. N., Abramowitz, J. S. and Lohr, J. M. et al. (2007) “The Disgust Scale: Item Analysis, Factor Structure, and Suggestions for Refinement.” Psychological Assessment, 19: 281–97.
Orentlicher, Diane (2005) “Criminalizing Hate Speech in the Crucible of Trial: Prosecutor v. Nahimana.” New England Journal of International and Comparative Law, 12(17): 134.
Osiel, Mark (2009) Making Sense of Mass Atrocity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ostrom, E. (1990) Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge University Press.
Paul, L. A. and Hall, Ned (2013) Causation: A User’s Guide. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Perloff, Richard M. (2010) The Dynamics of Persuasion: Communication and Attitudes in the 21st Century. New York and London: Routledge.
Petty, R. E. and Wegener, D. T. (1998) “Matching Versus Mismatching Attitude Functions: Implications For Scrutiny of Persuasive Messages.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24: 227–40.
Pildes, Richard H. (2014) “Institutional Formalism and Realism in Constitutional and Public Law.” 2013 Supreme Court Review, 1; NYU School of Law, Public Law Research Paper No. 14–09. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2411141
Pirie, Fernanda (2013) The Anthropology of Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Plato, (1993) Republic. Trans. Waterfield, Robin. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Power, Samantha (2002) A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide. New York: Basic Books.
Prewitt, Kenneth, Schwandt, Thomas A. and Straf, Miron L. (eds.) (2012) Using Science as Evidence in Public Policy. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. DOI: 10.17226/13460
Pricewaterhouse Coopers, LLP (2011) “Daubert Challenges to Financial Experts: A Yearly Study of Trends and Outcomes.” www.pwc.com/en_US/us/forensic-services/publications/assets/daubert-study-2011.pdf
Prosser, William and Page Keeton, W. (1984) Prosser and Keeton on the Law of Torts. 5th Edn. St. Paul: West.
Rhodes, N. and Wood, W. (1992) “Self-Esteem and Intelligence Affect Influenceability: The Mediating Role of Message Reception.” Psychological Bulletin, 111: 156–71.
Rikhof, Joseph (2005) “Hate Speech and International Criminal Law: The Mugesera Decision by the Supreme Court of Canada.” Journal of International Criminal Justice, 3(5): 1121–33.
Risinger, D. Michael (2000) “Navigating Expert Reliability: Are Criminal Standards of Certainty Being Left on the Dock?Albany Law Review, 64(1): 99149.
Robinson, John Paul, Shaver, Phillip R. and Wrightsman, Lawrence S. (eds.) (1991) Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes, Volume 1 (Measures of Social Psychological Attitudes). London: Academic Press.
Robinson, Paul H. and Cahill, Michael T. (2012) “Causation: The Requirements for Holding an Actor Accountable for a Result.” In Cahill, Michael T., Robinson, Paul H. and Baughman, Shima Baradaran (eds.), Criminal Law: Cases and Controversies. Alphen aan den Rijn: Wolters Kluwer.
Rosenfeld, Michael (2001) “Hate Speech in Constitutional Jurisprudence: A Comparative Analysis.” Public Law Research Paper No. 41. Cardozo Law School: Yeshiva University, New York.
Rosenfeld, Sophia (2011) Common Sense: A Political History. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Rossini, Andrea Oskari (2016) “Šešelj Verdict: The Dissenting Judge.” Osservatorio Balcani e Caucaso, 8 April 2016. www.balcanicaucaso.org/eng/Areas/Serbia/Seselj-verdict-the-dissenting-judge-169740. Accessed 9 March 2017.
Russell, Bertrand (1965) On the Philosophy of Science. New York: Bobbs-Merrill.
Ruzindana, Mathias (2012) “The Challenges of Understanding Kinyarwanda Key Terms Used to Instigate the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda.” In Dojčinović, Predrag (ed.), Propaganda, War Crimes and International Law: From Speakers’ Corner to War Crimes. Abingdon, NY: Routledge, pp. 145–70.
Ruzindana, Mathias, Rwigamba, Balinda and Nkusi, Laurent (1998) The Kinyarwanda Language: Its Use and Impact in the Various Media During the Period 1990–1994: A Sociolinguistic Study. March. Prosecution Exhibit P110A in ICTR-99–52-T (Nahimana, et al.).
Rwandan Patriotic Front, www.rpfinkotanyi.org/en/index.php. Accessed 21 November 2014.
Saks, Michael J. and Faigman, David L. (2005) “Expert Evidence After Daubert”. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 1: 105130.
Sarat, Austin, Douglas, Lawrence and Umphrey, Martha Merrill (2007) How Law Knows. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Schabas, William A. (1999) “International Decision: Mugesera v. Minister of Citizenship and Immigration. American Journal of International Law. 93(2): 529–33. DOI: 10.2307/2998009.
Schabas, William A. (2000) “Hate Speech in Rwanda: The Road to Genocide.” McGill Law Journal, 46: 141–71.
Schabas, William A. (2007) An Introduction to the International Criminal Court. 3rd Edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schabas, William A. (2009) Genocide in International Law: The Crime of Crimes. 2nd Edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Scheffer, David and Dinh, Anthony (2010) “The Pre-Trial Chamber’s Significant Decision on Joint Criminal Enterprise for Individual Responsibility.” 3 June 2010. www.cambodiatribunal.org/sites/default/files/resources/ctm_scheffer_dinh_jce_commentary_3_june_2010.pdf. Accessed 9 March 2017.
Seaman, Julie (2008) “Triangulating Testimonial Hearsay: The Constitutional Boundaries of Expert Opinion Testimony.” Georgetown Law Journal, 96: 827–84.
Searle, John R. (1969) Speech Acts: An Essay on the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Searle, John R. (1983) Intentionality: An Essay on the Philosophy of Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Searle, John R. (1994) “Metaphor.” In Ortony, Andrew (ed.), Metaphor and Thought. 2nd Edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Searle, John R. (1995) Freedom and Neurobiology: Reflections on Free Will, Language and Political Power. New York: Columbia University Press.
Searle, John R. (1998) Mind, Language and Society: Philosophy in the Real World. New York: Basic Books.
Searle, John R. (2001) Rationality in Action. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Searle, John R. (2010) Making the Social World: The Structure of Human Civilization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Shklar, Judith (1986) Legalism: Law, Morals, and Political Trials. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Shuy, Roger (1993) Language Crimes: The Use and Abuse of Language Evidence in the Courtroom. Oxford: Blackwell.
Shuy, Roger (2003) “Response to the March 1998 Report and Testimony of Dr. Mathias Ruzindana.” 20 January 2003. Report with Author.
Shuy, Roger (2005) Creating Language Games: How Law Enforcement Uses (and Misuses) Language. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sluiter, Göran (2007) “Compromising the Authority of International Criminal Justice–How Vojislav Šešelj Runs His Trial.” Journal of International Criminal Justice, 5(2): 529–36.
Smith, S. M. and Shaffer, D. R. (1995) “Speed of Speech and Persuasion: Evidence for Multiple Effects.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 21: 1051–60.
Sopory, Pradeep and Dillard, James P. (2002) “Figurative Language and Persuasion.” In Dillard, J. P. and Pfau, M. (eds.), The Persuasion Handbook: Developments in Theory and Practice, pp. 407426.
Sproule, J. M. (1994) Channels of Propaganda. Bloomington, IN: Edinfo.
Stapleton, Jane (1988) “Law, Causation and Common Sense.” Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 8(1): 111–31.
Stapleton, Jane (2001) “Legal Cause: Cause-in-Fact and the Scope of Liability for Consequences.” Vanderbilt Law Review, 54(3): 941–1009.
Stapleton, Jane (2008) “Choosing What We Mean by ‘Causation’ in the Law.” Missouri Law Review. 73(2): 433–80.
Sontag, Susan (1978) “Illness as Metaphor.” New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Sontag, Susan (1989) “Aids and Its Metaphors.New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Sontag, Susan (1991) Illness as Metaphor. AIDS and Its Metaphors. London: Penguin.
Stewart, James G. (2012a) “Overdetermined Atrocities.” Journal of International Criminal Justice, 10(5): 11891218.
Stewart, James G. (2012b) “The End of ‘Modes of Liability’ for International Crimes.” Leiden Journal of International Law, 25(1): 165219.
Stewart, James G. (2014) “Complicity.” In Dubber, Markus and Hörnle, Tatjana (eds.), Oxford Criminal Law Handbook. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Straus, Scott (2006) The Order of Genocide: Race, Power, and War in Rwanda. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Straus, Scott (2007) “What Is the Relationship Between Hate Radio and Violence? Rethinking Rwanda’s ‘Radio Machete.’Politics & Society, 35(4): 609–37.
Sumner, L.W. (2011) “Criminalizing Expression: Hate Speech and Obscenity.” In Deigh, John and Dolinko, David (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Criminal Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 1736.
Sunstein, Cass (1995) “The Expressive Function of the Law.” Pennsylvania Law Review, 144: 2021–53.
Surdukowski, Jay (2005) “Is Poetry a War Crime-Reckoning for Radovan Karadzic the Poet-Warrior.” Michigan Journal of International Law, 26(2): 673–99.
Swigart, Leigh (2015) “African Languages in International Criminal Justice: the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda and Beyond.” In Chernor Jalloh, Charles and Marong, Alhagi B. M. (eds.), Promoting Accountability Under International Law for Gross Human Rights Violations in Africa: Essays in Honor of Prosecutor Hassan Bubacar Jallow. The Hague: Brill Nijhoff, pp. 578611.
Tabeau, Ewa and Bijak, Jakub (2005) “War-Related Deaths in the 1992–1995 Armed Conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Critique of Previous Estimates and Recent Results.” European Journal of Population, 21: 187215.
Tamanaha, Brian Z. (2008) “Understanding Legal Realism,” St. John’s Legal Studies Research Paper No. 08–0133. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1127178
Taylor, Christopher (1999) Sacrifice as Terror: the Rwandan Genocide of 1994. Oxford: Berg Press.
Taylor, Telford (1992) The Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials: A Personal Memoir. Boston: Little, Brown and Co.
Timmermann, Wibke K. (2005) “The Relationship Between Hate Propaganda and Incitement to Genocide: A New Trend in International Law Towards Criminalization of Hate Propaganda?Leiden Journal of International Law, 18(2): 257–82.
Timmermann, Wibke K. (2006) “Incitement in International Law.International Review of the Red Cross, 88: 823–52.
Timmermann, Wibke K. (2015) Incitement in International Law. New York: Routledge.
Timmermann, Wibke and Schabas, William A. (2013) “Incitement to Genocide.” In Behrens, Paul and Henham, Ralph (eds.), Elements of Genocide. London: Routledge.
Turner, J. W. Cecil (1958) Kenny’s Outlines of Criminal Law. 17th Edn. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Twining, William L. (1943) Karl Llewellyn and the Realist Movement. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
United Nations. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. 9 December 1948, 78 U.N.T.S. 227 (entered into force 12 January 1951).
United Nations. Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Forty-Eighth Session, 6 May–26 July 1996. Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty-first session, Supplement No. 10. Extract from the Yearbook of the International Law Commission: 1996. Vol. II(2). UN Document A/51/10.
United Nations. Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Adopted by the United Nations Diplomatic Conference of Plenipotentiaries in the Establishment of the International Criminal Court on 17 July 1998. UN Doc. A/CONF. 183/9; 37 ILM 1002 (1998); 2187 UNTS 90.
United Nations Human Rights Council. Prevention of Genocide. A/HRC/RES/28/34, adopted 59th meeting, 27 March 2015.
United Nations International Law Commission, Draft Code of Crimes Against the Peace and Security of Mankind, 48th Session., 17 July 1996, UN Doc. A/CN.4/L.532; UN GAOR 51st Session., Supp. No. 10, art. 2.3(f), reprinted in [1996] 2 Y.B. Int’l L. Comm’n 17.
United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) (2011) Manual on International Criminal Defence ADC-ICTY Developed Practices. Turin: UNICRI.
United Nations Secretary General (2009) Implementing the Responsibility to Protect. Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-third session. UN Document A/63/677.
United Nations Security Council. Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. 1993. S.C. Res. 827, UN SCOR, 3217th mtg., Adopted 25 May 1993, UN Doc. S/RES/827 (1993).
United Nations Security Council. Statute of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. 1994. S.C. Res. 955, UN SCOR, 3453d mtg., Annex, art. 6, UN Doc. S/RES/955 (1994).
Van Schaack, Beth and Slye, Ronald (2010) International Criminal Law and Its Enforcement: Cases and Materials. 2nd Edn. New York: Thomson Reuters/Foundation Press.
Van Schaack, Beth and Slye, Ronald (2014) International Criminal Law and its Enforcement: Cases and Materials. 3rd Edn. St. Paul: West Academic.
Van Sliedregt, Elies (2012) Individual Criminal Responsibility in International Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Vinen, Richard (2003) “Servant Problems”, Historically Speaking (2): 25. www.bu.edu/historic/hs/november03.html#vinen. Accessed 9 March 2017.
Wald, Patricia (2001) “To ‘Establish Incredible Events by Credible Evidence’ The Use of Affidavit Testimony in Yugoslav War Crimes Tribunal Proceedings.Harvard International Law Journal, 42(2): 535–53.
Wald, Patricia (2004) “ICTY Judicial Proceedings-An Appraisal from Within.” Journal of International Criminal Justice, 2(2): 466–73.
Waldron, Jeremy (2012) The Harm in Hate Speech. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Warburton, Nigel (2009) Free Speech: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wegner, Daniel M. (2002) The Illusion of Conscious Will. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Werle, Gerhard (2007) “Individual Criminal Responsibility in Article 25 ICC Statute,” International Criminal Justice, 5(4): 953–75. DOI: 10.1093/jicj/mqm059.
White House (2013) “The Obama Administration’s Comprehensive Efforts to Prevent Mass Atrocities Over the Past Year.” 1 May 2013. www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/docs/fact_sheet_-_administration_efforts_to_prevent_mass_atrocities5.pdf
Wigfield, Allan and Eccles, Jacquelynne S. (2000) “Expectancy–Value Theory of Achievement Motivation.” Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25: 6881. DOI: 10.1006/ceps.1999.1015.
Williams, Glanville (1989) “Finis for Novus Actus?The Cambridge Law Journal, 48(3): 391416.
Wilson, Richard Ashby (2011) Writing History in International Criminal Trials. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wilson, Richard Ashby (2015) “Inciting Genocide with Words.” Michigan Journal of International Law, 36(2): 100–46.
Winter, Steven L. (1989) “Transcendental Nonsense, Metaphoric Reasoning, and the Cognitive Stakes for Law.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 137(4): 11051237.
Workman, Lance and Reader, Will (2014) Evolutionary Psychology. 3rd Edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wright, Richard W. (1985) “Causation in Tort Law.” California Law Review, 73(6): 17371828.
Wright, Richard W. (1988) “Causation, Responsibility, Risk, Probability, Naked Statistics, and Proof: Pruning the Bramble Bush by Clarifying the Concepts.” Iowa Law Review, 73: 1001–77.
Wright, Richard W. (2011) “Proving Causation: Probability Versus Belief.” In Goldberg, R. (ed.), Perspectives on Causation. Ch. 10, Oxford: Hart Publishing. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1918474
Yanagizawa-Drott, David (2014) “Propaganda and Conflict: Evidence from the Rwandan Genocide.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 129(4): 1947–94. DOI: 10.1093/qje/qju020
Yeager, Daniel (2006) J. L. Austin and the Law. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press.
Zahar, Alexander (2005) “The ICTR’s ‘Media” Judgment and the Reinvention of ‘Direct’ and Public Incitement to Commit Genocide.” Criminal Law Forum. 16(1): 3348.
Zahar, Alexander (2008) “Legal Aid, Self-Representation and the Crisis at The Hague Tribunal.” Criminal Law Forum, 19(2): 241–63.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.