Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T21:17:02.906Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Thirteen - Byzantine Syriac

Language and Religious Community in the Middle East*

from III - Languages, Confessions, Empire

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 October 2024

By
Jack Tannous
Edited by
Elizabeth S. Bolman ,
Scott Fitzgerald Johnson  and
Jack Tannous
Elizabeth S. Bolman
Affiliation:
Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
Scott Fitzgerald Johnson
Affiliation:
University of Oklahoma
Jack Tannous
Affiliation:
Princeton University, New Jersey
Get access

Summary

This article examines the relationship between the late antique and medieval Dyothelete Chalcedonian community of the Middle East–commonly referred to as the Melkites or Rum–and surveys the evidence for the use of Syriac by these communities. Because Melkites have more commonly been associated with the use of Greek and Arabic, an argument is made that a number of factors–among them the Monothelete/Dyothelete split in the Middle Eastern Dyothelete church, liturgical Byzantinization, and the destruction of manuscripts–have distorted more recent understandings of the relationship of this church with the Syriac language and obscured the reality that a number of medieval Melkites used Syriac for Christian purposes.

Keywords

Chalcedoniandestructionliturgical ByzantinizationmanuscriptMelkiteMaroniteRumtranslationtransmission history
Type
Chapter
Information
Worlds of Byzantium
Religion, Culture, and Empire in the Medieval Near East
 , pp. 404 - 437
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

al-Bāshā, Qusṭanṭīn, ed. Mayāmir Thāwudūrus Abī Qurrah Usquf Ḥarrān. Beirut: Maṭba‘at al-Fawā’id, 1904.Google Scholar
Al Din, Mayssoun Zein. Religion als politischer Faktor? Eine Untersuchung am Beispiel der Frage des politischen Konfessionalismus in Libanon. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlag, 2010.Google Scholar
Armala, Isḥāq. “Al-Malakiyyūn.” Al-Mashriq 34 (1936): 37–66, 211–34, 361–94.Google Scholar
Armala, Isḥāq. “Suryānī malakī.” Al-Mashriq 10 (1907): 996–1001.Google Scholar
Assemani, Giuseppe Simone. Bibliotheca orientalis Clementino-Vaticana, in qua manuscriptos codices syriacos, arabicos, persicos, turcicos, hebraicos, samaritanos, armenicos, æthiopicos, Graecos, ægyptiacos, ibericos et malabaricos. 3 vols. in 4. Rome: Typis Sacrae Congregationis de Propaganda Fide, 1719–28.Google Scholar
Assemani, Stefano Evodio, and Assemani, Giuseppe Simone. Bibliothecæ Apostolicæ Vaticanæ codicum manuscriptorum catalogus. 2 vols. Rome: Ex typographia linguarum orientalium, 1758–9.Google Scholar
Assfalg, Julius. “Arabische Handschriften in syrischer Schrift (Karšūnī).” In Grundriss der arabischen Philologie, edited by Fischer, Wolfdietrich, vol. 1, pp. 297–302. Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert, 1982.Google Scholar
Assfalg, Julius. “Christen.” In Lexikon der islamischen Welt, edited by Kreiser, Klaus, Diem, Werner, and Majer, Hans Georg, vol. 1, pp. 124–31. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1974.Google Scholar
Baars, Willem. New Syro-Hexaplaric Texts: Edited, Commented upon and Compared with the Septuagint. Leiden: Brill, 1968.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badger, George Percy. The Nestorians and Their Rituals, with the Narrative of a Mission to Mesopotamia and Coordistan in 1842–1844 and of a Late Visit to Those Countries in 1850, vol. 2. London: Joseph Masters, 1852.Google Scholar
Bar Salibi, . Against the Melkites. Edited and translated by Mingana, Alphonse. In Woodbrooke Studies, vol. 1, pp. 18–63 (English), 64–92 (Syriac). Cambridge: W. Heffer and Sons, 1927.Google Scholar
Baudrillart, Alfred, et al., eds. Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques. 32 vols. Paris: Letouzey et Ané, 1912–.Google Scholar
Baumstark, Anton. Geschichte der syrischen Literatur. Bonn: A. Marcus und E. Weber, 1922.Google Scholar
Baumstark, Anton. Katalog 500: Orientalische Manuskripte (Karl Hiersemann). Leipzig: Karl W. Hiersemann, 1922.Google Scholar
Baumstark, Anton. “Neue handschriftliche Denkmäler melkitischer Liturgie.” Oriens Christianus 10–11 (1923): 157–68.Google Scholar
Bedjan, Paul, ed. Homiliae S. Isaaci Syri Antiocheni. Paris; Leipzig: Harrassowitz, 1903.Google Scholar
Bettiolo, Paolo. Una raccolta di opuscoli Calcedonensi: Ms. Sinaï Syr. 10. CSCO 403–4: Syr. 177–8. Louvain: Secrétariat du CorpusSCO, 1979.Google Scholar
Blau, Joshua. A Grammar of Christian Arabic, Based Mainly on South-Palestinian Texts from the First Millennium. 3 vols. Louvain: Secrétariat du CorpusSCO, 1966–7.Google Scholar
Blau, Joshua. “The Influence of Living Aramaic on Ancient South Palestinian Christian Arabic.” In Studies in Middle Arabic and Its Judeo-Arabic Variety, edited by Blau, Joshua, pp. 288–90. Jerusalem: Magnes Press, Hebrew University, 1988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boero, Dina. The Anatomy of a Cult: Symeon the Stylite and His Devotees in Late Antiquity, forthcoming.Google Scholar
Boero, Dina. “Symeon and the Making of the Stylite: The Construction of Sanctity in Late Antique Syria.” Ph.D. dissertation. University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 2015.Google Scholar
Bou Mansour, Tanios. “La distinction des écrits d’Isaac d’Antioche: Les œuvres inédites.” Journal of Eastern Christian Studies 57 (2005): 1–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bou Mansour, Tanios. “Une clé pour la distinction des écrits des Isaac d’Antioche.” Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses 79, no. 4 (2003): 365–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breydy, Michael. Geschichte der syro-arabischen Literatur der Maroniten vom VII. bis XVI. Jahrhundert. Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1985.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briquel-Chatonnet, Françoise. “De l’intérêt de l’étude du garshouni et des manuscrits écrits selon ce système.” In L’Orient chrétien dans l’empire musulman: Hommage au professeur Gérard Troupeau, edited by Gobillot, Geneviève, pp. 463–75. Versailles: Éditions de Paris, 2005.Google Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P. “The Akathist Hymn in a Syriac Translation.” Le Muséon 135 (2022): 47–81.Google Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P. A Brief Outline of Syriac Literature. Kottayam: St. Ephrem Ecumenical Research Institute, 1997.Google Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P. Catalogue of Syriac Fragments (New Finds) in the Library of the Monastery of Saint Catherine, Mount Sinai. Athens: Mount Sinai Foundation, 1995.Google Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P. “An Episcopal Adventus in Syriac.” In A Journey Along the Christian Way: Festschrift for the Right Rev. Kallistos Ware on His 85th Anniversary, edited by Ene D-Vasilescu, Elena, pp. 52–61. Beau Bassin, Mauritius: Scholars’ Press, 2018.Google Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P. “The Genealogy of the Virgin Mary in Sinai Syr. 16.” Scrinium 2 (2006): 58–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P. “Greek and Latin in Syriac Script.” Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies 17, no. 1 (2014): 33–52.Google Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P. “Malkite Writings in Syriac: A Neglected Field.” In Symposium Syriacum XII: Held at St Lawrence College, Rome 19–21 August 2016. Organized by the Pontifical Oriental Institute on the Occasion of the Centenary Celebration (1917–2017). Orientalia Christiana Analecta 311, edited by Vergani, Emidio and Chialà, Sabatino, pp. 13–28. Rome: Pontifical Oriental Institute, 2022.Google Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P. “Notulae syriacae: Some Miscellaneous Identifications.” Le Muséon 108, no. 1–2 (1995): 69–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P. “Palimpsest Canons in Sinai, New Finds Syr. 3.” ARAM Periodical 31 (2019): 1–6.Google Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P. “The Provenance of BM Or. 8606.” Journal of Theological Studies 19 (1968): 632–3.Google Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P. “A Short Melkite Baptismal Ordo.” Parole de l’Orient 3 (1972): 119–30.Google Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P. “Syriac Historical Writing: A Survey of the Main Sources.” Journal of the Iraq Academy, Syriac Corporation 5 (1979–80): 1–30.Google Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P. “Syriac into Greek at Mar Saba: The Translation of St. Isaac the Syrian.” In The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church from the Fifth Century to the Present, edited by Patrich, Joseph, pp. 201–8. Louvain: Peeters, 2001.Google Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P. “Syriac Manuscripts Copied on the Black Mountain, near Antioch.” In Lingua restituta orientalis: Festgabe für Julius Assfalg, edited by Schulz, Regine and Görg, Manfred, pp. 59–67. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1990.Google Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P. “The Syriac ‘New Finds’ at St. Catherine’s Monastery, Sinai, and Their Significance.” The Harp 27 (2011): 39–52.Google Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P. “Syriac on Sinai: The Main Connections.” In ΕΥΚΟΣΜΙΑ: Studi miscellanei per il 75o di Vincenzo Poggi S.J., edited by Ruggieri, Vincenzo and Pieralli, Luca, pp. 103–17. Soveria Mannelli [Catanzaro]: Rubbettino, 2003.Google Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P. “Syriac Views of Emergent Islam.” In Studies on the First Century of Islamic Society, edited by Juynboll, G. H. A., pp. 9–21, 199–203. Carbondale; Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P. “Two Editions of a New Syriac Apocalypse of Daniel: A Review Article.” Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum 48–9 (2005–6): 7–18.Google Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P. “Two Syriac Translations of the Life of Epiphanius.” In Mosaic: Festschrift for A. H. S. Megaw, edited by Herrin, Judith, Mullett, Margaret, and Otten-Fox, Catherine. British School at Athens Studies 8, pp. 19–25. London: British School at Athens, 2001.Google Scholar
Brock, Sebastian P., Butts, Aaron Michael, Kiraz, George Anton, and Van Rompay, Lucas, eds. The Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2011.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burkitt, Francis Crawford. “Introduction.” In Select Narratives of Holy Women from the Syro-Antiochene or Sinai Palimpsest as Written Above the Old Syriac Gospels by John the Stylite, of Beth-Mari-Qanûn in a.d. 778, edited by Smith Lewis, Agnes, pp. 23–44. Studia Sinaitica 9. London: C. J. Clay and Sons, 1900.Google Scholar
Cahen, Claude. La Syrie du nord à l’époque des croisades et la principauté franque d’Antioche. Paris: Paul Geuthner,1940.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cannuyer, Christian. “Langues usuelles et liturgiques des Melkites au XIIIe siècle.” Oriens Christianus 70 (1986): 110–17.Google Scholar
Chabot, Jean Baptiste, ed. Anonymi auctoris Chronicon ad annum Christi 1234 pertinens. CSCO 81, 82, 109; SS 36, 37, 56. Paris: Typographeo Reipublicae, 1916, 1920, 1937.Google Scholar
Charon, Cyril. (Korolevsky, ). History of the Melkite Patriarchates (Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem) from the Sixth Century Monophysite Schism until the Present (1910), vol. 3: The Institutions, Liturgy, Hierarchy and Statistics. Fairfax, VA: Eastern Christian Publications, 2000.Google Scholar
Chediath, Geevarghese. “The Syriac Manuscripts Burned by Order of the Synod of Diamper (1599).” In V Symposium Syriacum, 1988: Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, 29–31 août 1988, edited by Lavenant, René, pp. 409–22. Rome: Pontifical Oriental Institute, 1990.Google Scholar
Chronicle of Seert. Ed. and trans. Scher, Addai et al., Histoire nestorienne (Chronique de Séert). PO 4.3, 5.2, 7.2, 13.4. Paris: Firmin-Didot, 1908–19.Google Scholar
Darblade, Jean B. “L’Euchologe arabe melkite de Kyr Mélèce Karmî.” Proche-orient chrétien 6 (1956): 28–37.Google Scholar
David, Clement Joseph. Kitāb jāmi‘ al-ḥujaj al-rahīna fī ibṭāl da‘āwā al-mawārina/Recueil de documents et de preuves contre la prétendue Orthodoxie perpétuelle des Maronites. Cairo: Chez les Libraires; Leipzig: Harrassowitz, 1908.Google Scholar
Debié, Muriel. “Les apocalypses apocryphes syriaques: des textes pseudépigraphiques de l’Ancien et du Nouveau Testament.” In Les apocryphes syriaques, edited by Debié, Muriel, Jullien, Christelle, Jullien, Florence, and Desreumaux, Alain, pp. 111–46. Paris: Geuthner, 2005.Google Scholar
Debié, Muriel. L’écriture de l’histoire en syriaque: transmissions interculturelles et constructions identitaires entre hellénisme et islam, avec des répertoires des textes historiographiques en annexe. Leuven: Peeters, 2015.Google Scholar
Desreumaux, Alain. “La paléographie des manuscrits syriaques et araméens melkites: le rôle d’Antioche.” In Antioche de Syrie: histoire, images et traces de la ville antique. Colloque organisé par B. Cabouret, P.-L. Gatier et C. Saliou, Lyon, Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranee, 4, 5, 6 octobre 2001, edited by Cabouret, Bernadette, Gatier, Pierre-Louis, and Saliou, Catherine, pp. 555–71. Paris: De Boccard, 2004.Google Scholar
Dick, Ignace. Les Melkites: Grecs-orthodoxes et Grecs catholiques des patriarcats d’Antioche, d’Alexandrie et de Jérusalem. Turnhout: Brepols, 1994.Google Scholar
Efthymiadis, Stephanos. “The Sixty Martyrs of Jersualem.” In Christian–Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History, vol. 1: 600–900, edited by Thomas, David and Roggema, Barbara, pp. 327–9. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2009.Google Scholar
Ephrem, , Metropolitan of Elam, Letter to Gabriel b. Bokhtisho‘ on Intercommunion. Mingana MS. Syriac 587, fols. 357b–360a.Google Scholar
Fitschen, Klaus. “Die zweisprachige Bauinschrift aus dem 10. Jahrhundert auf Qal’at Sim’ân im Kontext der byzantinisch-syrischen Kirchengeschichte.” In Syriaca: Zur Geschichte, Theologie, Liturgie und Gegenwartslage der syrischen Kirchen. 2. Deutsches Syrologen-Symposium (Juli 2000, Wittenberg), edited by Tamcke, Martin, pp. 101–13. Münster: LIT, 2002.Google Scholar
Galadza, Daniel. Liturgy and Byzantinization in Jerusalem. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.Google Scholar
Garitte, Gérard. “La passion géorgienne de sainte Golindouch.” Analecta Bollandiana 74 (1956): 426–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Géhin, Paul. “Fragments patristiques syriaques des Nouvelles découvertes du Sinaï.” Collectanea Christiana Orientalia 6 (2009): 67–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Géhin, Paul. Les manuscrits syriaques de parchemin du Sinaï et leurs membra disjecta. Louvain: Peeters, 2017.Google Scholar
Géhin, Paul. “Reconstitution et datation d’un recueil syriaque Melkite (Ambr. A 296 Inf., FF. 222–224 + Sinaï Syr. 10).” Rivista di Studi Bizantini e Neoellenici 42 (2005): 51–68.Google Scholar
Géhin, Paul. “Sinaï syriaque 29 ou 31? Sur quelques problèmes de cote dans la série des manuscrits syriaques de Sainte-Catherine.” Le Muséon 129 (2016): 117–31.Google Scholar
Gennadius, . Lives of Illustrious Men. Ed. Richardson, Ernest Cushing, Hieronymus, Liber de viris inlustribus. Gennadius, Liber de viris inlustribus, pp. 57–97. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1896.Google Scholar
Gibb, H. A. R. et al., eds. The Encyclopaedia of Islam. 13 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1958–2008.Google Scholar
Gonnet, Dominique. “Liste des œuvres patristiques traduites du grec en syriaque.” In Les Pères grecs en syriaque, edited by Schmidt, Andrea Barbara and Gonnet, Dominique, pp. 195–212. Paris: Paul Geuthner, 2007.Google Scholar
Graf, Georg. Geschichte der christlichen arabischen Literatur. 5 vols. Rome: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1944–53.Google Scholar
Grand’Henry, Jacques. “La réponse de s. Basile à s. Grégoire: Édition critique de la lettre 2 en version arabe.” Le Muséon 102 (1989): 321–59.Google Scholar
Grand’Henry, Jacques. “Transmission de textes grecs, spécialement de Gregoire de Nazianze, en milieu arabe.” PACT News 19 (1987): 42–5.Google Scholar
Gribomont, Jean. “Documents sur les origines de l’Église Maronite.” Parole de l’Orient 5 (1974): 95–132.Google Scholar
Griffith, Sidney H. “The Arabic Account of ‘Abd al-Masīḥ an-Nağrānī al-Ghassānī.” Le Muséon 89 (1985): 331–74.Google Scholar
Griffith, Sidney H. The Church in the Shadow of the Mosque: Christians and Muslims in the World of Islam. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008.Google Scholar
Griffith, Sidney H. “From Aramaic to Arabic: The Languages of the Monasteries of Palestine in the Byzantine and Early Islamic Periods.” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 51 (1997): 11–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffith, Sidney H. “‘Melkites,’ ‘Jacobites’ and the Christological Controversies in Arabic in Third/Ninth-Century Syria.” In Syrian Christians under Islam: The First Thousand Years, edited by Thomas, David, pp. 9–55. Leiden; Boston; Cologne: Brill, 2001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guidi, Ignazio. Chronica minora I. CSCO 3.4 (= CSCO 1: SS 1). Paris: E typographeo Reipublicae; Leipzig: Harrassowitz, 1903.Google Scholar
Halleux, André de. “À la source d’une biographie expurgée de Philoxène de Mabbog.” Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica 6–7 (1975–6): 253–66.Google Scholar
Halleux, André de. “Das Martyrios-Fragment der Handschrift Hiersemann 487/255b–500/3.” In XIX Deutscher Orientalistentag vom 28. September bis 4. Oktober 1975 in Freiburg im Breisgau: Vorträge, edited by Voigt, Wolfgang, pp. 202–4. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1977.Google Scholar
Halleux, André de. “La chronique melkite abrégée du ms Sinaï syr. 10.” Le Muséon 91 (1978): 5–44.Google Scholar
Halleux, André de. “Un chapitre retrouvé du Livre de la perfection de Martyrius.” Le Muséon 88 (1975): 253–95.Google Scholar
Halleux, André de. “Une clé pour les hymnes d’Éphrem dans le ms. Sinaï syr. 10.” Le Muséon 85 (1972): 171–99.Google Scholar
Hallier, Ludwig. Untersuchungen über die Edessenische Chronik. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs, 1892.Google Scholar
Harrak, Amir. Catalogue of Syriac and Garshuni Manuscripts: Manuscripts Owned by the Iraqi Department of Antiquities and Heritage. Leuven: Peeters, 2011.Google Scholar
Hatch, William Henry Paine. An Album of Dated Syriac Manuscripts. Boston: American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1946.Google Scholar
Hausherr, Irénée. “Le De oratione d’Évagre le Pontique en syriaque et en arabe.” Orientalia Christiana Periodica 5 (1939): 7–71.Google Scholar
Henze, Matthias. The Syriac Apocalypse of Daniel: Introduction, Text and Commentary. Studies and Texts in Antiquity and Christianity 11. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2001.Google Scholar
“Hiersemann 487” = Katalog 487: Manuscripte vom Mittelalter bis zum XVI Jahrhundert. Leipzig: Karl W. Hiersemann, 1921.Google Scholar
History of the Patriarchs of Alexandria. Ed. and trans. Evetts, Basil Thomas Alfred, History of the Patriarchs of the Coptic Church of Alexandria. PO 1.2, 1.4, 5.1, 10.5. Paris: Firmin-Didot, 1904–15.Google Scholar
Hohmann, Gregory. “Loyalty to the Emperor and Change of Rite: What Induced the Melkite Church to Exchange the Syrian for the Byzantine Tradition.” The Harp 13 (2000): 49–56.Google Scholar
Howard, Douglas A. A History of the Ottoman Empire. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Husmann, Heinrich. “Die Gesänge der syrischen Liturgien.” In Geschichte der katholischen Kirchenmusik, edited by Fellerer, Karl Gustav, pp. 69–98, 161–4. Kassel: Bärenreiter-Verlag, 1972.Google Scholar
Husmann, Heinrich. “Die syrische Handschriften des Sinai-Klosters, Herkunft und Schreiber.” Ostkirchliche Studien 24 (1975): 281–308.Google Scholar
Husmann, Heinrich. “Eine alte orientalische christliche Liturgie: Altsyrisch-Melkitisch.” Orientalia Christiana Periodica 42 (1976): 156–96.Google Scholar
Ibn ‘Abd al-Ẓāhir, , Al-Rawḍ al-ẓāhir fī sīrat al-Mālik al-Ẓāhir. Ed. al-Khuwayṭir, ‘Abd al-‘Azīz. Riyad, n.p.: 1976.Google Scholar
Ibn Abī Uṣaybi‘a, , ‘Uyūn al-anbā’ fī ṭabaqāt al-aṭibbā, edited by Riḍā, Niẓār. Beirut: Dār Maktabat al-Ḥayāh, 1965.Google Scholar
Kamil, Murad. Catalogue of All Manuscripts in the Monastery of St. Catharine on Mount Sinai. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1970.Google Scholar
Kaufhold, Hubert. “Sources of Canon Law in the Eastern Churches.” In The History of Byzantine and Eastern Canon Law to 1500, edited by Hartmann, Wilfried and Pennington, Kenneth, pp. 215–342. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kessel, Grigory. “An East Syriac Book in the Library of St. Catherine’s Monastery on Sinai: the Case of the Monastic Collection M20 N from the ‘New Finds.’” Kristianskij Vostok n.s. 6 (2012): 185–215.Google Scholar
Kessel, Grigory. “Membra disjecta sinaitica III: Two (Palimpsest) Fragments of Sin. Geo. 49 and Their Four Syriac Undertexts.” Vatican Library Review 1 (2022): 257–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kessel, Grigory. “Sinai Syr. 24 as an Important Witness to the Reception History of Some Syriac Ascetic Texts.” In Sur les pas des Araméens chrétiens: mélanges offerts à Alain Desreumaux, edited by Briquel-Chatonnet, Françoise and Debié, Muriel, pp. 207–18. Paris: Geuthner, 2010.Google Scholar
Kessel, Grigory. “A Syriac Miscellany of Apocryphal and Hagiographic Texts from Crusader Jerusalem (Sinai Syr. 82/I).” Analecta Bollandiana 140 (2022): 141–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kmosko, Micahel. Liber Graduum e codicibus syriacus Parisiis, Londini, Romae, Hierosolymis alibique asservatis edidit, praefatus est. Patrologia Syriaca 1.3. Paris: Firmin-Didot, 1926.Google Scholar
Leeming, Kate. “The Adoption of Arabic as a Liturgical Language by the Palestinian Melkites.” ARAM Periodical 15 (2003): 239–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levy-Rubin, Milka. “Arabization versus Islamization in the Palestinian Melkite Community during the Early Muslim Period.” In Sharing the Sacred: Religious Contacts and Conflicts in the Holy Land, edited by Kofsky, Arieh and Stroumsa, Guy, pp. 149–62. Jerusalem: Yad Izhak Ben Zvi, 1998.Google Scholar
Lewis, Agnes Smith. Catalogue of the Syriac Mss. in the Convent of S. Catharine on Mount Sinai. London: C. J. Clay and Sons, 1894.Google Scholar
Lewis, Agnes Smith. The Old Syriac Gospels or Evangelion da-Mepharreshê, Being the Text of the Sinai or Syro-Antiochene Palimpsest, Including the Latest Additions and Emendations, with the Variants of the Curetonian Text, Corroborations from Many Other MSS., and a List of Quotations from Ancient Authors. London: Williams and Norgate, 1910.Google Scholar
Lüstraeten, Martin. Die handschriftlichen arabischen Übersetzungen des byzantinischen Typikons. Münster: Aschendorff Verlag, 2017.Google Scholar
Mas‘ūdī, , Murūj al-dhahab wa-ma‘ādin al-jawhar. Ed. de Meynard, Charles Barbier and de Courteille, Pavet, Les prairies d’or. 9 vols. Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, 1861–77.Google Scholar
McCollum, Adam. “Prolegomena to a New Edition of Eliya of Nisibis’s Kitāb al-turjumān fī ta‘līm luġat al-suryān.” Journal of Semitic Studies 58, no. 2 (2013): 297–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rabo, Michael, Chronicle. Ed. Chabot, Jean-Baptiste, Chronique de Michel le Syrien, patriarche jacobite d’Antioche (1166–1199). 4 vols. Paris: Ernest Leroux, 1899–1910.Google Scholar
Millar, Fergus. “The Evolution of the Syrian Orthodox Church in the Pre-Islamic Period: From Greek to Syriac?” Journal of Early Christian Studies 21 (2013): 43–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mingana, Alphonse. Catalogue of the Mingana Collection of Manuscripts now in the Possession of the Trustees of the Woodbrooke Settlement, Selly Oak, Birmingham. 3 vols. Cambridge: W. Heffer and Sons, 1933, 1936, 1939.Google Scholar
Monferrer-Sala, Juan Pedro. Hexateuch from the Syro-Hexapla. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monferrer-Sala, Juan Pedro. “Nine Post-Hexaplaric Readings in the Arabic Translation of the Book of Numbers by al-Ḥārith b. Sinān b. Sunbāṭ (10th c. ce).” Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 130 (2018): 602–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mouterde, Paul. “Un ermitage Melkite en Émésè au VIIIe siècle.” Mélanges de l’université Saint-Joseph 18 (1934): 101–6.Google Scholar
Müller-Kessler, Christa. “Christian Palestinian Aramaic and Its Significance to the Western Aramaic Group.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 119 (1999): 631–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nasrallah, Joseph. “Deux versions Melchites partielles de la Bible du IXe et du Xe siècles.” Oriens Christianus 64 (1980), 202–15.Google Scholar
Nasrallah, Joseph Histoire du mouvement littéraire dans l’Église melchite du Ve au XXe siècle: contribution à l’étude de la littérature arabe chrétienne. 3 vols. in 6. Louvain; Paris: Peeters, 1979–89.Google Scholar
Nasrallah, Joseph “Le couvent de Saint Siméon l’Alépin: Témoignages littéraires et jalons sur l’histoire.” Parole de l’Orient 1 (1970): 327–56.Google Scholar
Nasrallah, Joseph “Les manuscrits de Ma‘loula.” Bulletin d’études orientales 9 (1942–3): 103–14; 11 (1945–6): 91–111.Google Scholar
Nasrallah, Joseph “The Liturgy of the Melkite Patriarchs from 969 to 1300.” In Languages and Cultures of Eastern Christianity: Greek, edited by Johnson, Scott Fitzgerald, pp. 507–32. Farnham, Surrey; Burlington, VT: Ashgate Variorum, 2015.Google Scholar
Nasrallah, Joseph “L’orthodoxie de Siméon Stylite l’Alépin et sa survie dans l’Église melchite.” Parole de l’Orient 2 (1971): 345–64.Google Scholar
Nasrallah, Joseph “Syriens et Suriens.” In Symposium Syriacum, 1972, célebré dans les jours 26–31 octobre 1972 à l’Institut Pontifical Oriental de Rome I, edited by Ortiz de Urbina, Ignatius, pp. 487–503. Rome: Pontifical Oriental Institute, 1974.Google Scholar
Noble, Samuel, and Treiger, Alexander. “Introduction.” In Noble and Treiger, The Orthodox Church in the Arab World, pp. 3–39.Google Scholar
Noble, Samuel, and Treiger, Alexander, eds. The Orthodox Church in the Arab World, 700–1700: An Anthology of Sources. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2014.Google Scholar
Pahlitzsch, Johannes. Graeci und Suriani im Palästina der Kreuzfahrerzeit: Beiträge und Quellen zur Geschichte des griechisch-orthodoxen Partriarchats von Jerusalem. Berlin: Duncker und Humblot, 2001.Google Scholar
Pahlitzsch, Johannes. “Greek–Syriac–Arabic: The Relationship between Liturgical and Colloquial Languages in Melkite Palestine in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries.” In Languages and Cultures of Eastern Christianity: Greek, edited by Johnson, Scott Fitzgerald, pp. 495–505. Farnham, Surrey; Burlington, VT: Ashgate Variorum, 2015.Google Scholar
Pahlitzsch, Johannes. “Some Remarks on the Use of Garšūnī and Other Allographic Writing Systems by the Melkites.” Intellectual History of the Islamicate World 7 (2019), pp. 278–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palmer, Andrew, Brock, Sebastian, and Hoyland, Robert. The Seventh Century in the West Syrian Chronicles. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Panchenko, Constantin. Arab Orthodox Christians under the Ottomans: 1516–1831. Jordanville, NY: Holy Trinity Seminary Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Parry, Ken. “Byzantine-Rite Christians (Melkites) in Central Asia in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.” In Thinking Diversely: Hellenism and the Challenge of Globalisation, edited by Kefallinos, Elizabeth = Special issue of: Modern Greek Studies (Australia and New Zealand) (2012): 203–20.Google Scholar
Peeters, Paul. “La passion de S. Pierre de Capitolias († 13 janvier 715).” Analecta Bollandiana 57 (1939): 299–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perczel, István. “Have the Flames of Diamper Destroyed All the Old Manuscripts of the Saint Thomas Christians?” The Harp 20 (2006): 87–104.Google Scholar
Peshitta Institute. List of Old Testament Peshiṭta Manuscripts (Preliminary Issue). Leiden: Brill, 1961.Google Scholar
Philothée du Sinaï, . Nouveaux manuscrits syriaques du Sinaï. Athens: Fondation du Mont Sinaï, 2008.Google Scholar
Reinink, Gerrit J. Die syrische Apokalypse des Pseudo-Methodius. CSCO 454–5: SS 195–6. Louvain: Peeters, 1993.Google Scholar
Sachau, Eduard, ed. Verzeichniss der syrischen Handschriften der Königlichen Bibliothek zu Berlin. 2 vols. Berlin: A. Asher & Co., 1899.Google Scholar
Salibi, Kamal S. “The Maronite Church in the Middle Ages and Its Union with Rome.” Oriens Christianus 42 (1958): 92–104.Google Scholar
Salibi, Kamal S. “The Traditional Historiography of the Maronites.” In Historians of the Middle East, edited by Lewis, Bernard and Holt, P. M., pp. 212–25. London: Oxford University Press, 1962.Google Scholar
Samir, Khalil. “Quelques notes sur les termes Rūm et Rūmī dans la tradition arabe.” In La nozione di “romano” tra cittadinanza e universalità, pp. 461–78. Naples: Edizioni scientifiche italiane, 1984.Google Scholar
Sauget, Joseph-Marie. “Deux homéliaires syriaques de la Biblothèque Vaticane.” Orientalia Christiana Periodica 27 (1961): 387–424.Google Scholar
Sauget, Joseph-Marie. “Entretiens d’Aphraate en arabe sous le nom d’Éphrem.” Le Muséon 92 (1979): 61–9.Google Scholar
Shoemaker, Stephen J. Three Christian Martyrdoms from Early Islamic Palestine. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Staal, Harvey, ed. Mt. Sinai Arabic Codex 151, vol. 1: Pauline Epistles. CSCO 452–3: SA 40–1. Louvain: Peeters, 1983.Google Scholar
Strothmann, Werner, ed. Codex Syriacus Secundus: Bibel-Palimpsest aus d. 6./7. Jh. (Katalog Hiersemann 500/3). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1977.Google Scholar
Strothmann, Werner Kohelet-Kommentar des Johannes von Apamea: Syrischer Text mit vollständigem Wörterverzeichnis. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1988.Google Scholar
Taft, Robert F. The Great Entrance: A History of the Transfer of Gifts and Other Pre-anaphoral Rites of the Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom. Rome: Pontifical Oriental Institute, 1975.Google Scholar
Tannous, Jack. “Between Christology and Kalām? The Life and Letters of George, Bishop of the Arab Tribes.” In Malphono w-Rabo d-Malphone: Studies in Honor of Sebastian P. Brock, edited by Kiraz, George Anton, pp. 671–716. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2008.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tannous, Jack. “A Greco-Arabic Palimpsest from the Sinai New Finds: Some Preliminary Observations.” In Heirs of the Apostles: Studies on Arabic Christianity in Honor of Sidney H. Griffith, edited by Bertaina, David, Keating, Sandra, Swanson, Mark, and Treiger, Alexander, pp. 426–45. Leiden: Brill, 2018.Google Scholar
Tannous, Jack. “Greek Kanons and the Syrian Orthodox Liturgy.” In Prayer and Worship in Eastern Christianities, 5th to 11th Centuries, edited by Bitton-Ashkelony, Brouria and Krueger, Derek, pp. 151–80. London; New York: Routledge, 2017.Google Scholar
Tannous, Jack. “In Search of Monotheletism.” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 68 (2014): 29–67.Google Scholar
Tannous, Jack. “Romanness in the Syriac East.” In Transformations of Romanness: Early Medieval Regions and Identities, edited by Pohl, Walter, Gantner, Clemens, Grifoni, Cinzia, and Pollheimer-Mohaupt, Marianne, pp. 457–80. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter, 2018.Google Scholar
Taylor, David G. K. “The Syriac Version of Strategios’ History of the Persian Conquest of Jerusalem.” In Mélanges James Howard-Johnston, edited by Booth, Phil and Whitby, Mary. Travaux et mémoires 26, pp. 445–66. Paris: Association des Amis du Centre d’histoire et civilisation de Byzance, 2022.Google Scholar
Thomson, Robert W. “An Eighth-Century Melkite Colophon from Edessa.” Journal of Theological Studies 13 (1962): 249–58.Google Scholar
Todt, Klaus-Peter. “Griechisch-Orthodoxe (melkitische) Christen im zentralen und südlichen Syrien: Die Periode von der arabischen Eroberung bis zur Verlegung der Patriarchenresidenz nach Damaskus (635–1365).” Le Muséon 119 (2006): 33–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Todt, Klaus-Peter. “Region und griechisch-orthodoxes Patriarcat von Antiocheia in mittelbyzantinischer Zeit und im Zeitalter der Kreuzzüge (969–1204).” 2 vols. Habilitationsschrift manuscript. Wiesbaden, 1998.Google Scholar
Todt, Klaus-Peter, and Vest, Bernd Andreas. Syria (Syria Prōtē, Syria Deutera, Syria Euphratēsia). 3 vols. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2014.Google Scholar
Torrey, Charles C. “The Letters of Simeon the Stylite.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 20 (1899): 253–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Treiger, Alexander. “The Beginnings of the Graeco-Syro-Arabic Melkite Translation Movement in Antioch.” Scrinium 16 (2020): 1–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Treiger, Alexander. “Syro-Arabic Translations in Abbasid Palestine: The Case of John of Apamea’s Letter on Stillness (Sinai Ar. 549).” Parole de l’Orient 39 (2014): 1–37.Google Scholar
Treiger, Alexander. “Unpublished Texts from the Arab Orthodox Tradition (1): On the Origin of the Term ‘Melkite’ and the Destruction of the Maryamiyya Cathedral in Damascus.” Chronos: Revue d’histoire de l’Université de Balamand 29 (2014): 7–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Lantschoot, Arnold. Inventaire des manuscrits syriaques des fonds Vatican (490–631), Barberini Oriental et Neofiti. Vatican City: Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, 1965.Google Scholar
Van Roey, Albert. Eliae epistula apologetica ad Leonem, syncellum Harranensem. CSCO 469–70: SS 201–2. Leuven: Peeters, 1985.Google Scholar
Van Rompay, Lucas. “Excursus: The Maronites.” In The Oxford History of Christian Worship, edited by Wainwright, Geoffrey and Westerfield Tucker, Karen B., pp. 170–4. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Vollandt, Ronny. Arabic Versions of the Pentateuch: A Comparative Study of Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Sources. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Witakowski, Witold. “Chronicles of Edessa.” Orientalia Suecana 33–5 (1984–6): 487–98.Google Scholar
Wright, William. Catalogue of Syriac Manuscripts in the British Museum, Acquired Since the Year 1838. 3 vols. London: Trustees of the British Museum, 1870–2.Google Scholar
Wright, William, and Cook, Stanley Arthur. A Catalogue of the Syriac Manuscripts Preserved in the Library of the University of Cambridge. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1901.Google Scholar
Zayat, Habib [Zayyāt, Ḥabīb]. “Vie du patriarche melkite d’Antioche Christophore (+967) par le protospathaire Ibrahîm b. Yuhanna: document inédit du Xe siècle.” Proche-Orient Chrétien 2 (1952): 1–62, 333–66.Google Scholar
Zayyāt, Ḥabīb. Al-Rūm al-Malakiyyūn fī ’l-Islām. Ḥarīsa: al-Maṭba‘a al-Būlusiyya, 1953.Google Scholar
Zayyāt, Ḥabīb. Khabāyā al-zawāyā min tārikh Ṣaydnāyā. Damascus: n.p., 1982.Google Scholar
Zayyāt, Ḥabīb. Khazāʼin al-kutub fī Dimashq wa-ḍawāḥihā. Cairo: Maṭba‘at al-Ma‘ārif, 1902.Google Scholar
Zotenberg, Hermann. Manuscrits orientaux: catalogues des manuscrits syriaques et sabéens (mandaïtes) de la Bibliothèque nationale. Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1874.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×