Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- 1 Global change and plant water relations
- 2 Cavitation. A review: past, present and future
- 3 Effect of cavitation on the status of water in plants
- 4 Stomatal control of xylem cavitation
- 5 Refilling of embolized xylem
- 6 Interpretation of the dynamics of plant water potential
- 7 A proposed mechanism of freezing and thawing in conifer xylem
- 8 Winter xylem embolism and spring recovery in Betula cordifolia, Fagus grandifolia, Abies balsamea and Picea rubens
- 9 Drought resistance strategies and vulnerability to cavitation of some Mediterranean sclerophyllous trees
- 10 Relations between sap velocity and cavitation in broad-leaved trees
- 11 NMR and water transport in plants
- 12 The symplast radial-axial water transport in plants: a NMR approach
- 13 Reproductive adaptation by polyembryony of coniferous forest trees under climatic stress as revealed by the metabolism of tritiated water
- 14 A heat balance method for measuring sap flow in small trees
- 15 Heat pulse measurements on beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in relation to weather conditions
- 16 Extremely fast changes of xylem water flow rate in tall trees caused by atmospheric, soil and mechanic factors
- 17 Water relations and water transport in coppice vs. single stem Quercus cerris L. trees
- 18 Environmental control of water flux through Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait).
- 19 Evaluation of transpiration of apple trees and measurement of daily course of water flow within the main branches of walnut trees
- 20 Estimating citrus orchard canopy resistance from measurements of actual and potential transpiration
- 21 Stomatal conductance in tomato responds to air humidity
- 22 Water relations of Canarian laurel forest trees
- 23 Watering regime and photosynthetic performance of Gunnera tinctoria (Molina) Mirbel.
- 24 Water relations and ultrasound emissions in Douglas-fir seedlings infected with xylem pathogens
- 25 Diurnal fruit shrinkage: a model
- 26 Analysis of pressure-volume curves by non-linear regression
- 27 Determination of the amount of apoplastic water and other water relations parameters in conifer needles
- 28 The assessment of water status in chilled plants
- 29 An artificial osmotic cell: a model system for studying phenomena of negative pressure and for determining concentrations of solutes
- 30 Measurement of water and solute uptake into excised roots at positive and negative root pressures
- Index
13 - Reproductive adaptation by polyembryony of coniferous forest trees under climatic stress as revealed by the metabolism of tritiated water
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- 1 Global change and plant water relations
- 2 Cavitation. A review: past, present and future
- 3 Effect of cavitation on the status of water in plants
- 4 Stomatal control of xylem cavitation
- 5 Refilling of embolized xylem
- 6 Interpretation of the dynamics of plant water potential
- 7 A proposed mechanism of freezing and thawing in conifer xylem
- 8 Winter xylem embolism and spring recovery in Betula cordifolia, Fagus grandifolia, Abies balsamea and Picea rubens
- 9 Drought resistance strategies and vulnerability to cavitation of some Mediterranean sclerophyllous trees
- 10 Relations between sap velocity and cavitation in broad-leaved trees
- 11 NMR and water transport in plants
- 12 The symplast radial-axial water transport in plants: a NMR approach
- 13 Reproductive adaptation by polyembryony of coniferous forest trees under climatic stress as revealed by the metabolism of tritiated water
- 14 A heat balance method for measuring sap flow in small trees
- 15 Heat pulse measurements on beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in relation to weather conditions
- 16 Extremely fast changes of xylem water flow rate in tall trees caused by atmospheric, soil and mechanic factors
- 17 Water relations and water transport in coppice vs. single stem Quercus cerris L. trees
- 18 Environmental control of water flux through Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait).
- 19 Evaluation of transpiration of apple trees and measurement of daily course of water flow within the main branches of walnut trees
- 20 Estimating citrus orchard canopy resistance from measurements of actual and potential transpiration
- 21 Stomatal conductance in tomato responds to air humidity
- 22 Water relations of Canarian laurel forest trees
- 23 Watering regime and photosynthetic performance of Gunnera tinctoria (Molina) Mirbel.
- 24 Water relations and ultrasound emissions in Douglas-fir seedlings infected with xylem pathogens
- 25 Diurnal fruit shrinkage: a model
- 26 Analysis of pressure-volume curves by non-linear regression
- 27 Determination of the amount of apoplastic water and other water relations parameters in conifer needles
- 28 The assessment of water status in chilled plants
- 29 An artificial osmotic cell: a model system for studying phenomena of negative pressure and for determining concentrations of solutes
- 30 Measurement of water and solute uptake into excised roots at positive and negative root pressures
- Index
Summary
SUMMARY
Cleavage and budding polyembryony occurs predominantly in conifers adapted to severe environments as found near the Arctic. Cleavage and budding polyembryony are processes that reconstitute multiple proembryos originating by the division or cloning of a single proembryo into a group of identical proembryos. This process provides little selective genetic advantage since all embryos have the same genotype, but it significantly increases the ability for that genotype to survive and to adapt to climatic vagaries by producing multiple viable embryos. With several Norway spruce and pine genotypes from northern latitudes and/or high elevations, the processes of cleavage and budding can be repeated and controlled in bioreactors that serve as an artificial ovule. In the mother tree, nutrients and water are provided to polyembryogenic masses in ovules through the xylem and phloem connections between the ovuliferous scale and the tree. In bioreactors, process controls now consider the effects of climate on the composition of seeds at the seed source. For each seed source, the composition of nutrients derived from the mother tree is reformulated in the culture medium to precondition the polyembryonic process and to contribute to the recovery of viable embryos. Before a zygotic model reference can be developed for the reconstitution process, factors associated with the seed habit and rest period, based on climatic stress, need to be sorted out and identified. Studies with dry seeds oiPinus banksiana Lamb, have revealed that covalently labeled tritium, derived from tritiated water, can be recovered from metabolites in the soluble and insoluble phases of tissues during imbibition. […]
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- Water Transport in Plants under Climatic Stress , pp. 147 - 165Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 1993