Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T16:51:36.113Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 May 2018

Roderick Campbell
Affiliation:
New York University
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Violence, Kinship and the Early Chinese State
The Shang and their World
, pp. 303 - 324
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrams, Philip. 1988. “Notes on the Difficulty of Studying the State.” Journal of Historical Sociology 1(1): 5889.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Agamben, Giorgio. 1998. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. Trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Akatsuka, Kiyoshi. 1977. Chūgoku kodai no shūkyō to bunka – In ōchō no saishi 中國古代の宗教ト文化—— 殷王朝の祭祀 (Ancient Chinese Religion and Culture: the Sacrifices of the Yin Kingdom). Tokyo: Kadokawa Shoten.Google Scholar
Allan, Sarah. 1991. The Shape of the Turtle: Myth, Art and Cosmos in Early China. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Allan, Sarah. 2007. “Erlitou and the Formation of Chinese Civilization: Toward a New Paradigm.” Journal of Asian Studies 66: 461496.Google Scholar
Allsen, Thomas. 2006. The Royal Hunt in Eurasian History. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Anderson, Benedict. 1991. Imagined Communities. London; New York: Verso.Google Scholar
Anthony, David. 2007. The Horse, the Wheel and Language: How Bronze Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppe Shaped the Modern World. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Anyang Team (Anyang Team, Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) 中国社会科学院考古研究所, 安阳工作队. 1979a. “Yinxu xiqu mudi 殷墟西区墓地” (The Yinxu Western Area Cemeteries). Kaogu Xuebao 1: 27146.Google Scholar
Anyang Team 1979b. “Anyang Wuguancun beidi yizuo Yin mu 安阳武官村北地一座殷墓” (An Anyang, Wuguancun North Tomb). Kaogu 3: 223226.Google Scholar
Anyang Team 2004a. “Henan Anyangshi Huayuanzhuang 54 hao Shangdai muzang 河南安阳市 花园庄54号商代墓葬”(The Shang Dynasty Tomb 54, Huayuanzhuang, Anyang Municipality). Kaogu 1: 719.Google Scholar
Anyang Team 2009. “Henan Anyang shi Yinxu Liujiazhuang beidi 2008 nian fajue jianbao 河南 安阳市殷墟刘家庄北地 2008 年发掘简报” (Preliminary Excavation Report for Liujiazhuang North, Yinxu, Anyang City, Henan). Kaogu 7: 2038.Google Scholar
Anyang Team 2015. “Anyang Yinxu Tiesanlu zhiguzuofang yizhi fajue jianbao 河南安 阳 市 铁三路殷墟文化时期 制骨 作坊遗址” (The Yinxu Culture Period Bone Working Site of Tiesanlu, Anyang Municipality, Henan). Kaogu 8: 3762.Google Scholar
Appadurai, Arjun. 1986. The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Arendt, Hannah. 1970. On Violence. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich.Google Scholar
Arkush, E.N. 2006. “Collapse, Conflict, Conquest: The Transformation of Warfare in the Late Prehispanic Andean Highlands.” In The Archaeology of Warfare: Prehistories of Raiding and Conquest. Eds. Arkush, Elizabeth and Allen, Mark, pp. 286335. Gainesville: University of Florida Press.Google Scholar
Asad, Talal. 1993. Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Bagley, Robert. 1999. “Shang Archaeology.” In The Cambridge History of Ancient China. Eds. Lowe, Michael and Shaughnessy, Edward, pp. 124231. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bagley, Robert. 2004. “Anyang Writing.” In The First Writing. Ed. Houston, Stephen, pp. 190249. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Baines, John, and Yoffee, Norman. 1998. “Order, Legitimacy, Wealth in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia.” In Archaic States. Eds. Feinman, Gary and Marcus, Joyce, pp. 199260. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.Google Scholar
Baines, John, and Yoffee, Norman. 2000. “Order, Legitimacy, and Wealth: Setting the Terms.” In Order, Legitimacy, and Wealth in Ancient States. Eds. Buren, Mary Van and Richards, Janet, pp. 1320. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bastomsky, S.J. 1990. “Rich and Poor: The Great Divide in Imperial Rome and Victorian England.” Greece and Rome 37 (1): 3743.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bauman, Z. 1989. Modernity and the Holocaust. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Baxter, William. 1992. A Handbook of Old Chinese Phonology. Berlin; New York: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Beeler, John. 1966. Warfare in England 1066–1189. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Bell, Catherine. 1992. Ritual Theory, Ritual Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bell, Catherine. 1997. Ritual: Perspectives and Dimensions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Binford, Lewis. 1972. “Mortuary Practices: Their Study and Their Potential.” In Approaches to the Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices. Ed. Brown, J., pp. 629. Washington, DC: Memoir of the Society for American Archaeology.Google Scholar
Blanton, Richard. 1996. “The Basin of Mexico Market System and the Growth of Empire.” In Aztec Imperial Strategies. Eds. Berdan, F.F., Blanton, R.E., Boone, E., Hodge, M., Smith, M.E. and Umberger, E.. pp. 4784. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks.Google Scholar
Blanton, Richard. 1998. “Beyond Centralization: Steps Toward a Theory of Egalitarian Behavior in Archaic States.” In Archaic States. Eds. Feinman, Gary and Marcus, Joyce, pp. 135172. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. Trans. Richard Nice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1990. The Logic of Practice. Trans. Richard Nice. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 1998. Practical Reason: On the Theory of Action. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre. 2000. Pascalian Meditations. Trans. Richard Nice. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Brown, J.A. 1995. “On Mortuary Analyses – With Specific Reference to the Saxe Binford Program.” In Regional Approaches to Mortuary Analysis. Ed. Beck, Anderson, pp. 326. New York: Plenum.Google Scholar
Brown, R. 1985. The Normans and the Norman Conquest. Dover, NH: Boydell Press.Google Scholar
Brumfiel, Elizabeth. 2000. “The Politics of High Culture: Issues of Worth and Rank.” In Order, Legitimacy, and Wealth in Ancient States. Eds. Buren, Mary Van and Richards, Janet, pp. 131139. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Burkitt, Ian. 1996. “Civilization and Ambivalence.” The British Journal of Sociology 47(1): 135150.Google Scholar
Campbell, Roderick. 2004. “Focus, Classifiers and Quantificational Typology: A Brief Account of Cardinal Expressions in Early Inscriptional Chinese.” In Meaning and Form: Essays in Pre-Modern Chinese Grammar. Eds. Takashima, K. and Shaoyu, Jiang, pp. 1942. Munchen: Lincom Europe.Google Scholar
Campbell, Roderick. 2007. “Blood, Flesh and Bones: Kinship and Violence in the Social Economy of the Late Shang.” Unpublished dissertation. Departments of Anthropology and East Asian Languages and Civilizations, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Campbell, Roderick. 2009. “Toward a Networks and Boundaries Approach to Early Complex Polities: The Late Shang Case.” Current Anthropology 50 (6): 821848.Google Scholar
Campbell, Roderick. 2013a. “Erligang: a Tale of Two Civilizations.” In The Art and Archaeology of Erligang. Ed. Steinke, Kyle, pp. 121135. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Campbell, Roderick. 2013b. “A Preliminary Estimation of Anyang Bronze Production.” In Kaoguxue shiye xia de chengshi, gongyi chuantong yu zhongwai jiaoliu – Liu Qingzhu xiansheng qishi huadan qingshou wenji. Ed. Liu Qingzhu xiansheng qishi huadan qingshou wenji bianji weiyuanhui, pp. 160172. Beijing: Science Press.Google Scholar
Campbell, Roderick. 2014a. Archaeology of the Chinese Bronze Age: From Erlitou to Anyang. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute Press.Google Scholar
Campbell, Roderick ed. 2014b. Violence and Civilization: Studies of Social Violence in History and Prehistory. Oxford: Oxbow.Google Scholar
Campbell, Roderick, Li, Zhipeng, He, Yuling and Yuan, Jing. 2011. “Consumption, Exchange and Production at the Great Settlement Shang: Boneworking at Tiesanlu, Anyang.” Antiquity 85: 12791297.Google Scholar
Cannon, Aubrey. 1989. “The Historical Dimension in Mortuary Expressions of Status and Sentiment.” Current Anthropology 30: 437458.Google Scholar
Cao, Dazhi 曹大志. 2004. “Erlitou Leixing Muzang de Zai Renshi 二里头类型墓葬的 再认识” (Another Understanding of Erlitou Variant Tombs). Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Cao, Dingyun 曹定云. 2005. “Lun Shang ren miaohao ji qi xiangguan wenti 论商人庙 号及其相关问题” (A Disscussion of Shang Temple Names and Related Questions). In Wang Zhongshu xiansheng bashi huadan jinian lunwenji 王仲殊先生八十华诞纪念论文集, pp. 269303. Beijing: Kexue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Cao, Dingyun 2006. “殷墟化东H3卜辞中的”王”是小乙 – 从卜辞中的人名”丁”谈起” (“King” in the Huadong H3 oracle-bone inscriptions is Xiao Yi: a discussion from the vantage point of the person named “Ding” in the inscriptions). 古文字研究 Guwenzi yanjiu 26: 818.Google Scholar
Cao, Wei 曹玮 ed. 2002. Zhouyuan jiaguwen 周原甲骨文 (Zhouyuan Oracle-Bones). Beijing: Shijie tushu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Carr, Christopher. 1995. “Mortuary Practices, Their Social, Philosophical-religious, Circumstantial, and Physical Determinants.” Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 2(2): 105199.Google Scholar
Chang, K.C. 1980. Shang Civilization. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Chang, K.C. 1983. Art, Myth and Ritual: The Path to Political Authority in Ancient China. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Chang, K.C. 1986. The Archaeology of Ancient China. 4th ed. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Chang, K.C. 1989b. “Ancient China and its Anthropological Significance.” In Archaeological Thought in America. Ed. Lamberg-Karlovsky, C.C., pp. 155166. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Chang, K.C. 1999. “China on the Eve of the Historical Period.” In The Cambridge History of Ancient China. Eds. Lowe, Michael and Shaughnessy, Edward, pp. 3773. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Chang, K.C. 2005. “The Rise of Kings and the Formation of City-States.” In The Formation of Chinese Civilization: An Archaeological Perspective. Ed. Allan, Sarah, pp. 125140. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Chang, Yuzhi 常玉芝. 1987. Shangdai zhouji zhidu 商代周祭制度 (The Weekly Ritual System of the Shang Dynasty). Beijing: Zhongguo shehuikexue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Chen, Mengjia 陳夢家. 1988. Yinxu buci zongshu 殷墟卜辭綜述 (A Summary of the Yinxu Divinatory Inscriptions). Beijing: Zhonghua Shuju (2004 reprint).Google Scholar
Chen, Tiemei, Rapp, George, Jing, Zhichun and He, Nu. 1999. “Provenance Studies of the Earliest Proto-porcelain Using Instrumental Neuron Activation Analysis.” Journal of Archaeological Science 26: 10031015.Google Scholar
Chen, Xingcan 陈星灿. 1997. “Qingtong shidai yu yuqi shidai – zailun Zhongguo wenming de qiyuan 青铜时代与玉器时代——再论中国文明的起源” (The Bronze Age and the Jade Age: A Reassesment of the Origins of Chinese Civilization). In Kaogu qiu zhi ji考古求知集. Ed. Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Beijing: China Social Sciences Press.Google Scholar
Chen, Xingcan 2005. “Lithic Production of Early States in China – An Examination of the Development of Craft Specialization.” Paper presented at Workshop on Early Chinese Civilization, March 10–12, 2005, University of British Columbia.Google Scholar
Cheng, Te-kun. 1960. Archaeology in China. Vol. 2 Shang China. Cambridge: Heffer.Google Scholar
Childe, Gordon. 1928. The Most Ancient East: The Oriental Prelude to European Prehistory. London: Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Childe, Gordon. 1934. New Light on the Most Ancient East: The Oriental Prelude to European Prehistory. London: Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Cohen, David. 2001. “The Yueshi Culture, the Dong Yi and the Archaeology of Ethnicity in Early Bronze Age China.” Unpublished PhD dissertation. Harvard University.Google Scholar
Cohen, Ronald. 1981. “Evolution, Fission and the Early State.” In The Study of the State. Ed. Claessen, H. and Skalnik, P., pp. 87116. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Comaroff, Jean and Comaroff, John eds. 1993. Modernity and its Malcontents: Ritual and Power in Postcolonial Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Cowgill, George. 2004. “Origins and Development of Urbanism: Archaeological Perspectives.” Annual Review of Anthropology 33: 525549.Google Scholar
Crumley, C.L. 1976. “Toward a Locational Definition of State Systems of Settlement.” American Anthropologist 78: 5973.Google Scholar
Csordas, Thomas. 1994. The Sacred Self: A Cultural Phenomenology of Charismatic Healing. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
De Chardin, Teilhard P. and Young, C.C.. 1936. On the Mammalian Remains from the Archaeological Site of Anyang. Nanking: Geological Survey of China.Google Scholar
Dematte, Paola. 1999. “The Role of Writing in the Process of State Formation in Late Neolithic China.” East and West 49(1–4): 241272.Google Scholar
Dematte, Paola. 2010. “The Origins of Chinese Writing: the Neolithic Evidence.” Cambridge Archaeological Journal 20(2): 211228.Google Scholar
Ding, Shan 丁山. 1956. Jiaguwen suojian shizu ji qi zhidu 甲骨文所見氏族及其制度 (The Clans, Lineages and their System Seen in the Oracle-bone Inscriptions). Beijing: Kexue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Dirks, Nicholas, Eley, Geoff and Ortner, Sherry eds. 1994. Culture/Power/History: A Reader in Contemporary Social Theory. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Dong, Zuobin 董作賓. 1950. “Yangpan yu Shang san ge 湯盤與商三戈” (Yangpan and the Three Shang Ge). Reprinted in Dong Zuobin xiansheng quanji 董作賓先生全集, pp. 807815. Taipei: Yiwen yinshuguan (1978).Google Scholar
Du, Jingpeng杜金鹏. 2005. “A Preliminary Investigation of Palace Foundation No.1 at the Huanbei Shang City.” Trans. Rod Campbell. In Chinese Archaeology 5: 192199. (Originally published in Chinese in Wenwu 2004 5: 50–64.)Google Scholar
Du, Jinpeng 杜金鹏 and Xu, Hong许宏 eds. 2005. Yanshi Erlitou yizhi yanjiu 偃师二里头遗址研 究 (Research on the Yanshi, Erlitou Site). Beijing: Science Press.Google Scholar
Durkheim, Emile. 1984. The Division of Labor in Society. Trans. W.D. Halls. Basingstoke: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Earle, Timothy. 1997. How Chiefs Come to Power. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Eisenstadt, Shmuel. 1969. The Political Systems of Empires. New Brunswick: Transaction Press.Google Scholar
Elias, Norbert. 1994. The Civilizing Process: The History of Manners and State Formation and Civilization. Trans. Edmund Jephcott. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Eno, Robert. 1990. “Was There a High God Ti in Shang Religion?.” Early China 15: 126.Google Scholar
Erlitou Team (Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) 中国社 会科学考古研究所二里头工作队2005a. “Henan Yanshi Erlitou Yizhi Zhongxinqu de Kaogu Xin Faxian河南偃师市 二里头遗址中心区的考古新发现” (New Archaeological Discoveries in the Central Area of the Erlitou site, Yanshi, Henan). Kaogu 7: 1520.Google Scholar
Erlitou Team 2005b. “1980 Nian Qiu Henan Yanshi Erlitou Fajue Jianbao 1980 年秋河南偃师二 里头发掘简报” (Preliminary Excavation Report of the Fall 1980 Excavations at Yanshi Erlitou, Henan Province). In Yanshi Erlitou Yizhi Yanjiu 偃师二里头遗址研究. Eds Jinpeng, Du and Hong, Xu, pp. 658667. Beijing: Kexue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Evans-Pritchard, E.E. 1972. The Nuer: a Description of the Modes of Livelihood and Political Institutions of a Nilotic People. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Falkenhausen, Lothar von. 1993. “On the Historiographical Orientation of Chinese Archaeology.” Antiquity 67(257): 839849.Google Scholar
Falkenhausen, Lothar von. 2006. Chinese Society in the Age of Confucius (1000–250 BC): The Archaeological Evidence. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California.Google Scholar
Fang, Hui. 2015. “Lun shiqian ji Xia shiqi de zhusha mu – jianlun Di Shun yu danzhu chuanshuo 论史前及夏时期的朱砂葬———兼论帝尧与丹朱传说” (A Discussion of Prehistoric and Xia Period Cinabar Burials and the Legend of Emperor Yao and Danzhu). Journal of Chinese Humanities 2: 5672.Google Scholar
Farmer, Paul. 1997. “On Suffering and Structural Violence: A View from Below.” In Social Suffering. Eds. Kleinman, Arthur, Das, Veena and Lock, Margaret, pp. 263281. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Feinman, Gary. 1998. “Scale and Social Organization: Perspectives on the Archaic State.” In Archaic States. Eds. Feinman, Gary and Marcus, Joyce, pp. 95133. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.Google Scholar
Feinman, Gary and Marcus, Joyce. 1998. “Preface.” In Archaic States. Eds. Feinman, Gary and Marcus, Joyce, pp. xiiixiv. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.Google Scholar
Fiskesjö, Magnus. 2001. “Rising from Blood-stained Fields: Royal Hunting and State Formation in Shang China.” Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 73: 48191.Google Scholar
Flad, Rowan. 2006. “Divination and Power: A Multi-Regional View of the Development of Oracle Bone Divinations in Early China.” Current Anthropology 49(3): 420421.Google Scholar
Flad, Rowan and Chen, Pochan. 2013. Ancient Central China: Centers and Peripheries Along the Yangzi River. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Flannery, Kent. 1972. “The Cultural Evolution of Civilizations.” Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 3: 399426.Google Scholar
Flannery, Kent. 1998. “The Ground Plans of Archaic States. In Archaic States. Eds. Feinman, Gary and Marcus, Joyce, pp. 1558. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1995. Discipline and Punish: the Birth of the Prison. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Frankfort, Henri. 1956. The Birth of Civilization in the Near East. New York: Doubleday.Google Scholar
Fried, Morton. 1967. The Evolution of Political Society: An Essay in Political Anthropology. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Furst, Peter. 1973–1974. “The Roots and Continuities of Shamanism.” Arts-Canada: 3360.Google Scholar
Furst, Peter. 1976. “Shamanistic Survivals in Mesoamerican Religion.” Actas, XLI Congreso Internacional de Americanistas 3: 149157.Google Scholar
Gansu Museum (Gansu Provincial Museum) 甘肃省博物馆. 1960. “Gansu Wuwei Huangniangniangtai Yizhi Fajue Baogao甘肃武威皇娘娘台遗址发掘报告” (Excavation Report for the Huangniangniangtai site, Wuwei, Gansu). 考古学报 Kaoguxuebao 2.Google Scholar
Gansu Museum 1978. “Wuwei Huangniangniangtai Yizhi Disici Fajue武威皇娘娘台遗址第四次发掘” (The Fourth Excavation at the Huangniangniangtai site, Wuwei). 考古学报 Kaoguxuebao 4.Google Scholar
Gansu Team (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Archaeology) 中国社会科学院考古研究所. 1975. “Gansu Yongjing Qinweijia Qijia Wenhua Mudi甘肃永靖秦魏家齐家文化墓地” (The Qijia Culture Cemetery at Qinweijia, Yongjing, Gansu). 考古学报Kaoguxuebao 2.Google Scholar
Ge, Yinghui 葛英会. 1989. “Yinxu mudi de qu yu zu 殷墟墓地的区与组.” In Collected Essays on Archaeological Cultures. Ed. Binqi, Su, pp. 152183. Beijing: Wenwu Press.Google Scholar
Geertz, Clifford. 2000. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Giddens, Anthony. 1979. Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure, and Contradiction in Social Analysis. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Giddens, Anthony. 1982. Profiles and Critiques in Social Theory. London: Macmillan Press.Google Scholar
Girard, René. 1979. Violence and the Sacred. Trans. Patrick Gregory. Baltimore: John’s Hopkins.Google Scholar
Goldstein, Lynne. 1981. “One-Dimensional Archaeology and Multi-Dimensional People Spatial Organization and Mortuary Analysis.” In The Archaeology of Death. Eds. Chapman, R., Kinnes, I. and Randsborg, K., pp. 5369. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Grinin, Leonid, Carneiro, Robert, Bondarenko, Dmitri, Kradin, Nikolay and Korotayev, Andrey eds. 2004. The Early State, Its Alternatives and Analogues. Volgograd: Uchitel.Google Scholar
Haas, Jonathan. 1990. “Warfare and the Evolution of Tribal Polities in the Prehistoric Southwest.” In The Anthropology of War. Ed. Haas, Jonathan, pp. 171189. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Haas, Jonathan ed. 2001. From Leaders to Rulers. New York: Kluwer Academic.Google Scholar
Han, Jianye 韩建业. 1997. “Yinxu Xiqu mudi fenxi 殷墟西区墓地分析.” Kaogu 1: 6272.Google Scholar
Hayashi, Minao 林巳奈夫. 1993. “Concerning the Inscription “May Sons and Grandsons Eternally Use this [Vessel].” Artibus Asiae 53 (1–2): 5158.Google Scholar
He, Yuling 何毓灵. 2006a. “Yinxu Muzang Suizangpin Minqihua Xianxiang Fenxi 殷墟 墓葬随葬品冥器化现象分析” (An Analysis of the Mingqi Phenomenon in the Grave Goods from Yinxu Tombs). 三代考古 Sandai Kaogu 2: 375382.Google Scholar
He, Yuling 2006b. “Shilun Yinxu Huayuanzhuang Dongdi M54 de Niandai ji qi Xiangguan Wenti试论殷墟花园庄东地M54的年代及其相关问题” (Discussion of the Date and Other Questions Concerning Huayuanzhuang East Locus M54). 三代考古Sandai Kaogu 2: 383393.Google Scholar
Heather, Peter. 2006. The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History of Rome and the Barbarians. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hebei Province (Hebei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics) 河北省文物研究所. 1985. Gaocheng Taixi Shangdai Yizhi 藁城台西商代遗址 (The Shang Period Site of Gaocheng Taixi). Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Henan Province (Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology) 河南省文物考古研究所. 1996. “1995 Nian Zhengzhou Xiaoshuangqiao Yizhi de Fajue 1995年郑州小双桥遗址的发掘” (The 1995 Excavations at the Xiaoshuangqiao Site, Zhengzhou). 华夏考古Huaxia kaogu 3.Google Scholar
Henan Province 2001. Zhengzhou Shangcheng: 1953 nian – 1985 nian kaogu fajue baogao 郑州商城: 1953年 – 1985 年考古发掘报告 (Zhengzhou Shangcheng: 1953–1985 Excavation Report). Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Hodder, Ian. 1985. Reading the Past: Current Approaches to Interpretation in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hu, Houxuan 胡厚宣. 1944a. “Yindai bu gui de lai yuan 殷代卜龟的来源” (The Origin of the Yin Dynasty Oracular Turtles). Republished in Jiaguxue Shangshi luncong chuji 甲骨学商史论丛初集. Shijiazhuang: Hebei jiaoyu chubanshe, 2002.Google Scholar
Hu, Houxuan 1944b “Yinxu hünyin jiazu zongfa shengyun zhidu kao 殷代婚姻家族宗法生育制 度考” (A Study of Yin Dynasty Marriage, Family, Lineage and Birth Systems). Republished in Jiaguxue Shangshi luncong chuji 甲骨学商史论丛初集. Shijiazhuang: Hebei jiaoyu chubanshe, 2002.Google Scholar
Hu, Houxuan 1959. “Yin buci zhong de Shangdi he Wangdi (shang xia) 殷卜辞中的上帝和王帝 (上下)” (Shangdi and Wangdi in the Oracle-Bone Inscriptions). Lishi yanjiu 9: 2350; 10: 89–110.Google Scholar
Huang, Zhanyue 黄展岳. 2004. Gudai ren xing ren xun tonglun 古代人牲人殉通论 (A Comprehensive Discussion of Ancient Human Sacrifice and Retainer Sacrifice). Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Hubei Institute (Hubei Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology) 湖北省文物考古研究所. 2001. Panlongcheng: 1963–1994 Nian Kaogu Fajue Baogao 盘龙城:1963–1994 年考古发掘报告 (Panlongcheng: 1963–1994 Excavation Report). Kexue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Hulsewé, A.F.P. 1993. “Shih Chi 史記.” In Early Chinese Texts: A Bibliographic Guide. Ed. Loewe, Michael, pp. 405414. Berkeley: The Society for the Study of Early China and the Institute for East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel. 1997. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Touchstone.Google Scholar
Hwang, Ming-chong. 2005a. “On the Ten Heavenly Stems and the Kinship Structure of Shang Elites.” Paper presented at Workshop on Early Chinese Civilization, March 10–12, 2005, University of British Columbia.Google Scholar
Hwang, Ming-chong. 2005b. “Jiaguwen, jinwen suojian yi shiri mingmingzhe de jitong ‘chutongzi’ 甲骨文金文所見以十日命名者的繼統’區同子.’Zhongyang yanjiuyuan lishi yuyan yanjiusuo jikan 76(4): 569655.Google Scholar
Institute of Archaeology (Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) 中國社會科學考古研究所. 1980. Yinxu Fu Hao mu 殷墟妇好墓 (the Tomb of Fu Hao). Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Institute of Archaeology 1987a. Yinxu fajue baogao (1958–1961) 殷墟发掘报告 (1958–1961) (Yinxu Excavation Report: 1958–1961). Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Institute of Archaeology 1987b. “Yinxu 259, 260 hao mu fajue baogao 殷墟 259, 260 号墓发掘报告” (Yinxu Tombs 259 and 260 Excavation Report). Kaoguxuebao 1: 99117.Google Scholar
Institute of Archaeology 1994. Yinxu de faxian yu yanjiu 殷墟的发现与研究 (The Discovery and Excavation of Yinxu). Beijing: Kexue Chubanshe.Google Scholar
Institute of Archaeology 1998. Anyang Yinxu Guojiazhuang Shangdai Muzang: 1982–1992 Nian Kaogu Fajue Baogao安阳殷墟郭家庄商代墓葬: 1982年 ~ 1992年考古发掘报告 (Shang Dynasty Tombs at Guojiazhuang, Yinxu, Anyang: 1982–1992 Excavation Report). Beijing: Zhongguo da baike quanshu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Institute of Archaeology 1999. Yanshi Erlitou: 1959 Nian – 1978 Nian Kaogu Fajue Baogao 偃师二里头: 1959年 ~ 1978年考古发掘报告 (Yanshi Erlitou: 1959–1978 Excavation Report). Beijing: Zhongguo da baike quanshu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Institute of Archaeology 2002. Anyang Xiaotun 安阳小屯 (Xiaotun, Anyang). Beijing: Shijie tushu chuban gongshe.Google Scholar
Institute of Archaeology 2003. Zhongguo Kaoguxue: Xia Shang Juan 中国考古学: 夏商卷 (Chinese Archaeology: Xia and Shang). Beijing: Zhongguo shehuikexue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Institute of Archaeology 2005. Anyang Yinxu chutu yuqi 安阳殷墟出土玉器 (Jades from Anyang, Yinxu). Beijing: Science Press.Google Scholar
Itō, Michiharu and Takashima, Ken-ichi. 1996. Studies in Early Chinese Civilization: Religion, Society, Language and Paleography. 2 vols. Osaka: Kansai Gaidai University Press.Google Scholar
Jaang, Li (Zhang Li). 2011. “Long-Distance Interactions as Reflected in the Earliest Chinese Bronze Mirrors.” In Beyond the Surface: The Lloyd Cotsen Study Collection of Chinese Bronze Mirrors. Ed. Falkenhausen, Lothar von. Volume II, Studies, pp. 3449. Los Angeles: UCLA Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press.Google Scholar
Jaang, Li (Zhang Li). 2015. “The Landscape of China’s Participation in the Bronze Age Eurasian Network.” Journal of World Prehistory 28(3): 179213.Google Scholar
Jaang, Li (Zhang Li). Forthcoming. “Transformations in Political Landscape, Settlement Reorganization, and Massive Population Transfers.”Google Scholar
JGWZGL (Jiaguwenzi gulin) 甲骨文字诂林. 1999. 4 vols. Ed. Yu, Xingwu于省吾. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.Google Scholar
Ji, Dewei 吉德煒 (David Keightley). 1989. “Zhongguo gudai de jiri yu miaohao 中國古代的吉日與廟號” (Ancient Chinese Auspicious Days and Temple Names). Yinxu bowuyuan kan 1: 2032.Google Scholar
Jiang, Yude 江雨德 (Roderick Campbell). 2011. “Guo zhi da shi: Shangdai wanqi zhong de lizhi gailiang 国之大事: 商代晚期中的礼制改良”(The Great Affairs of the State: The Mid-Late Shang Ritual Reform). In Yinxu yu Shang wenhua – Yinxu kexue fajue 80 zhou nian jinnian wenji 殷墟与商文化 – 殷墟科学发觉80周年纪念文集. Ed. Zhongguo shehuikexueyuan kaogu yanjiusuo, pp. 267276. Beijing: Kexue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Jiangxi Institute et al. (Jiangxisheng wenwu kaogu yanjiusuo, Jiangxisheng bowuguan, Xin’ganxian bowuguan 江西省文物考古研究所, 江西省博物馆, 新干县博物馆). 1997. Xin’gan Shangdai damu 新干商代大墓 (The Large Shang Dynasty Tomb at Xin’gan). Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Jin, Zhengyao 金正耀. 1990. “Wan Shang Zhongyuan qingtongqi de kuangliao laiyuan 晚商中原青铜的矿料来源”(The Mineral Sources of Late Shang Central Plains Bronzes). In Disanjie guoji Zhongguo kexueshi taolunhui lunwenji 第三届国际中国科学史讨论会论文集. Ed. She Shiran 社石然, pp. 281291. Beijing: Kexue Chubanshe.Google Scholar
Jin, Zhengyao 金正耀, Chase, W.T., Hirao, Yoshimitsu 平尾良光, Mabuchi, Hisao 马渊久 夫, Yang, Xizhang 杨锡璋, and Miwa, Karoku 三轮嘉六. 1998. “Zhongguo lianghe liuyu qingtong wenming zhijian de guanxi – yi chutu Shang qingtongqi de qian tongweisu bizhi yanjiu jieguo wei kaocha zhongxin 中国两河流域青铜文明之间的联系 – 以出土商青铜器的铅同位素比值研究结果为考察中心”(The Relationship Between the Bronze Civilizations of the Two River Basins: Focusing on the Results of Lead Isotope Ratio Analyses of Excavated Bronzes). Reprinted in Shang wenhua lunwenji 商文化论文集. 2 volumes. 2003. Ed. Boqian, Li, pp. 594602. Beijing: Wenwu Chubanshe.Google Scholar
Jin, Zhengyao 金正耀, Chase, W.T., Hirao, Yoshimitsu 平尾良光, Peng, Shifan 彭适凡, Mabuchi, Hisao马渊久夫, Miwa, Karoku 三轮嘉六 and Zhan, Kaixun 詹开逊. 1994. “Xingan Shang dai damu qingtongqi de qiantongweisu bizhi yanjiu” 新干商代大墓青铜器的铅同位素比值研究 (Research on the Lead Isotopes of the Bronzes of the Large Shang Dynasty Tomb at Xin’gan). Kaogu 1996 (8): 744747.Google Scholar
Jin, Zhengyao 金正耀, Mabuchi, Hisao 马渊久夫, Chase, W.T., Chen, De’an 陈德安, Miwa, Karoku 三轮嘉六, Hirao, Yoshimitsu 平尾良光 and Zhao, Dianzeng 赵殿增. 1995. “Guanghan Sanxingdui yiwukeng qingtongqi de qian tongweisu 广汉三星堆遗物坑青铜器的铅同位素比值研究” (Research on the Lead Isotopes of the Guanghan Sanxingdui Artifact Pits). Wenwu 1995 (2): 8085.Google Scholar
Jing, Zhichun and Rapp, George. 1995. “Holocene Landscape Evolution and its Impact on the Neolithic and Bronze Age Sites in the Shangqiu Area, Northern China.” Geoarchaeology: An International Journal 10: 481513.Google Scholar
Jing, Zhichun, Tang, Jigen, Rapp, George and Stoltman, James. 2013. “Recent Discoveries and Some Thoughts on Early Urbanization at Anyang.” In A Companion to Chinese Archaeology. Ed. Underhill, Anne, pp. 343366. Malden: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Johnson, Gregory. 1980. “Rank-Size Convexity and System Integration: A View from Archaeology.” Economic Geography 56(3): 234247.Google Scholar
Johnson, Gregory. 1981. “Monitoring Complex System Integration and Boundary Phenomena with Settlement Size Data.” In Archaeological Approaches to the Study of Complexity. Ed. van der Leeuw, Sander, pp. 143188. Amsterdam: A.E. van Griffen Instituut woor Prae- en Protoshistorie.Google Scholar
Johnson, Gregory. 1987. “The Changing Organization of the Uruk Administration on the Susiana Plain.” In The Archaeology of Western Iran: Settlement and Society from Prehistory to the Islamic Conquest. Ed. Hole, Frank, pp. 107139. Washington: Smithsonian Institute Press.Google Scholar
Kaizuka, Shigeki. 1952. Chugoku no kodai kokka 中國の古代國家. Tokyo: Atene Bunko.Google Scholar
Keegan, J. 1993. A History of Warfare. New York: Knopf.Google Scholar
Keeley, L.H. 1996. War Before Civilization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Keightley, David. 1969. “Public Work in Ancient China: A Study of Forced Labor in the Shang and Western Chou.” Unpublished PhD dissertation. Columbia University.Google Scholar
Keightley, David. 1978a. Sources of Shang History: The Oracle-Bone Inscriptions of Bronze Age China. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Keightley, David. 1978b. “The Religious Commitment: Shang Theology and the Genesis of Chinese Political Culture.” History of Religions 17: 211224.Google Scholar
Keightley, David. 1979–1980. “The Shang State as Seen in the Oracle-Bone Inscriptions.” Early China 5: 2534.Google Scholar
Keightley, David. 1983. “The Late Shang State: When, Where, and What?” In the Origins of Chinese Civilization. Ed. Keightley, David, pp. 523564. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Keightley, David. 1987. “Archaeology and Mentality: The Making of China.” Representations 18: 91128.Google Scholar
Keightley, David. 1988. “Shang Divination and Metaphysics.” Philosophy East and West 38: 367397.Google Scholar
Keightley, David. 1993. “Clean Hands and Shining Helmets: Heroic Action in Early Chinese and Greek Culture.” In Religion and Authority. Ed. Siebers, Tobin, pp. 1351. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Keightley, David. 1997. “Shang Oracle-Bone Inscriptions.” In New Sources of Early Chinese History: An Introduction to the Reading of Inscriptions and Manuscripts. Ed. Shaughnessy, Edward L., pp. 1555. Berkeley: The Society For the Study of Early China and The Institute for East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Keightley, David. 1999a. “The Shang: China’s First Historical Dynasty.” In The Cambridge History of Ancient China. Eds. Lowe, Michael and Shaughnessy, Edward, pp. 232291. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Keightley, David. 1999b. “At the Beginning: The Status of Women in Neolithic and Shang China.” Nan nü 1: 163.Google Scholar
Keightley, David. 2000. The Ancestral Landscape: Time, Space, and Community in Late Shang China. Berkeley: IEAS & CCS.Google Scholar
Keightley, David. 2012. Working for His Majesty: Research Notes on Labor Mobilization in Late Shang China (ca. 1200–1045 B.C.), as Seen in the Oracle-Bone Inscriptions, with Particular Attention to Handicraft Industries, Agriculture, Warfare, Hunting, Construction, and the Shang’s Legacies. China Research Monograph 67. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Kejibu (kejibu shehui fazhan kejisi, zhongguo wenwuju bowuguan yu shehui wenwusi 科技部社会发展科技司, 中国文物局博物馆与社会文物司 编). 2009. Zhonghua wenming tanyuan gongcheng wenji 中华文明探源工程文集 (Collected Papers of the Origins of Chinese Civilization Project). Beijing: Kexue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Kirchhoff, Paul. 1955. “The Principles of Clanship in Human Society.” Davidson Journal of Anthropology 1: 110.Google Scholar
Klein, Cecelia, Guzmán, Eulogio, Mandell, Elisa and Stanfield-Mazzi, Maya. 2002. “The Role of Shamanism in Mesoamerican Art: A Reassessment.” Current Anthropology 43(3): 383419.Google Scholar
Kleinman, Arthur. 1995. Writing at the Margin. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Kleinman, Arthur, Das, Veena and Lock, Margaret eds. 1997. Social Suffering. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Kryukov, M.V. 1966. “Hsing and Shih: On the Problem of Clan Name and Patronymic in Ancient China.” Archiv Orientální, 34:535553.Google Scholar
Kuhn, Thomas. 1996. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Lam, Wengcheong. 2014. “Everything Old is New Again? Rethinking the Transition to Cast Iron Production in the Central Plains of China.” Journal of Anthropological Research 70: 511542.Google Scholar
Latour, Bruno. 1993. We Have Never Been Modern. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Leach, Edmund. 1977. “A View from the Bridge.” In Archaeology and Anthropology: Areas of Mutual Interest. Ed. M. Spriggs. Oxford: BAR Supplementary Series 19: 161176.Google Scholar
Lefebvre, Henri. 1991. The Production of Space. Trans. Donald Nicholson-Smith. Malden: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Legge, James. 1865. The Chinese Classics III: The Shoo King. Taipei: SMC Publishing, 1994.Google Scholar
Legge, James. 1871. The Chinese Classics IV: The She King or Book of Poetry. Taipei: SMC Publishing, 1994.Google Scholar
Legge, James. 1872. The Chinese Classics V: The Ch’un Ts’ew with The Tso Chuen. Taipei: SMC Publishing, 1994.Google Scholar
Levi-Strauss, Claude. 1966. The Savage Mind. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Lewis, Mark Edward. 1990. Sanctioned Violence in Early China. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Li, Boqian 李伯謙. 1999. “The Sumptuary System Governing Western Zhou Ruler’s Cemeteries, Viewed from a Jin Ruler’s Cemetery.Journal of East Asian Archaeology 1: 251276.Google Scholar
Li, Feng. 2006. Landscape and Power in Early China: The Crisis and Fall of the Western Zhou 1045–771 BC. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Li, Feng. 2008. Bureaucracy and the State in Early China: Governing the Western Zhou. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Li, Leishan 李雷山. 2004. Shangdai fenfeng zhidu yanjiu 商代分封制度研究. Beijing: Zhongguo shehuikexue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Li, Min. 2008. “Conquest, Concord and Consumption: Becoming Shang in Eastern China.” Unpublished PhD dissertation. Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Li, Xueqin 李学勤. 1957. “Lun Yindai qinzu zhidu 论殷代亲族制度.” Wen shi zhi 11: 3137.Google Scholar
Li, Xueqin 1985–1987. “Are They Shang Inscriptions or Zhou Inscriptions?Early China 11–12: 173176.Google Scholar
Li, Xueqin 1997a. “Niaowen san ge de zai yanjiu 鸟纹三戈的再研究” (A Reanalysis of the Three Bird Pattern Ge). In Bijiao kaoguxue suibi 比较考古学随笔. Ed. Li Xueqin 李学勤, pp. 171177. Guilin: Guangxi Shifan daxue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Li, Xueqin 李学勤 ed. 1997b. Zhongguo Gudai Wenming yu Guojia Xingcheng Yanjiu中 国古代文明与国家形成研究 (Research into the Formation of Ancient Chinese Civilization and State). Kunming: Yunnan renming chubanshe.Google Scholar
Li, Xueqin 李学勤 and Peng, Yushang彭裕商. 1996. Yinxu Jiaguwen Fenqi Yanjiu 殷墟 甲骨文分期研究 (Research on the Periodization of the Yinxu Oracle-Bone Inscriptions). Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe.Google Scholar
Li, Xueqin, Hardbottle, Garmin, Zhang, Juzhong and Wang, Changsui. 2003. “The Earliest Writing, Sign Use in the 7th Millennium BC at Jiahu, China.” Antiquity 77:3134.Google Scholar
Li, Yung-ti. 2003a. “The Anyang Bronze Foundries: Archaeological Remains, Casting Technology and Production Organization.” Unpublished PhD Dissertation. Department of Anthropology, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Li, Yung-ti. 2003b. “On the Function of Cowries in Shang and Western Zhou China.” Journal of East Asian Archaeology 5, 14.Google Scholar
Li, Yung-ti. 2005. “The Social-Political Implications of Multiple Craft-production Areas at Yinxu.” Paper presented at Workshop on Early Chinese Civilization, March 10–12, 2005, University of British Columbia.Google Scholar
Li, Zhipeng 李志鹏, He, Yuling 何毓灵 and Jiang, Yude 江雨德 (Roderick Campbell). 2011. “Yinxu Wan Shang zhigu zuofang yu zhigu shougongye de yanjiu huigu yu zai tantao 殷墟晚商制骨作坊与制骨手工业的研究回顾与再探讨”(Reassessing Late Shang Yinxu Bone Working and Bone Workshop Research). Sandai Kaogu 4: 471486.Google Scholar
Liang, Siyong 梁思永 and Gao, Qushun 高去尋. 1970. Houjiazhuang, di yi ling ling si hao da mu 侯家莊 , 第一〇〇四號大墓 (Houjiazhuang, Large Tomb 1004). Taipei: Academia Sinica.Google Scholar
Lin, Yun 林澐. 1979. “cong Wuding shidai de ji zhong ‘zi buci’ shilun Shangdai jiazu xingtai 從武 丁時代的幾種’子卜辭’試論商代的家族形態” (A Preliminary Discussion of Shang Dynasty Kinship Structure from the Various Wu Ding Period “Zi Divinatory Inscriptions”). Guwenzi yanjiu 1: 314336.Google Scholar
Lin, Yun 1982. “Jiaguwen zhong de Shangdai fangguo lianmeng 甲骨文中的商代方国联盟” (The Shang Dyasty Hegemonic Polity in the Oracle-bone Inscriptions). Guwenzi yanjiu 6: 6974.Google Scholar
Lin, Yun 1998. “说王” (Concerning the word “wang”[king]). Lin Yun Xueshu Wenji 林沄学术文集 (The Collected Scholarly Works of Lin Yun) , pp. 13. (Originally published in 考古Kaogu 6, 1965) Beijing: Zhongguo dabaikequanshu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Liu, Li. 1996. “Settlement Patterns, Chiefdom Variability, and the Development of Early States in North China.” Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 15: 237288.Google Scholar
Liu, Li. 2003. “Production of Prestige Goods in the Neolithic and Early State Periods of China.” Asian Perspectives 42(1): 140.Google Scholar
Liu, Li. 2005. “Changing Political Landscapes of the Shang Dynasty.” Paper presented at Workshop on Early Chinese Civilization, March 10–12, 2005, University of British Columbia.Google Scholar
Liu, Li and Chen, Xingcan. 2000. “Cheng: Xia Shang Shiqi dui Ziran Ziyuan de Kongzhi Wenti城: 夏商时期对自然资源的控制问题” (Cities: Control of Natural Resources in the Xia and Shang Period). Dongnan Wenhua 3: 4560.Google Scholar
Liu, Li and Chen, Xingcan. 2001. “Cities and Towns: The Control of Natural Resources in Early States, China.” Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 73: 547.Google Scholar
Liu, Li and Chen, Xingcan. 2003. State Formation in Early China. London: Duckworth.Google Scholar
Liu, Li and Chen, Xingcan. 2012. The Archaeology of China: From the Late Paleolithic to the Early Bronze Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Liu, Xu 刘绪. 2005. “2004 niandu Xia Shang Zhou kaogu zhongda faxian dianping 2004年度夏商周考古重大發現點評” (A Small Critique of the 2004 Xia, Shang, Zhou Important Archaeological Discoveries). Gudai wenming yanjiu tongxun 26.Google Scholar
Liu, Yiman 刘一曼. 2003. “On the Combinations of Bronze Weapons in Yin Tombs at Anyang.” Trans. Mo Runxian. Chinese Archaeology 3: 166169.Google Scholar
Liu, Yinman 刘一曼 and Xu, Guangde 徐广德. 1998. “Lun Anyang Hougang Yin mu 论安阳后冈殷墓” (A Discussion of Yin Tombs at Hougang, Anyang). In Yanshi guoji Shang wenhua taolun hui lunwenji 偃师国际商文化讨论会论文集. Ed. Zhongguo shehuikexueyuan kaogu yanjiusuo. Beijing: Da baike quanshu chubanshe.Google Scholar
Liu, Yuan 刘源. 2004. Shang Zhou ji zu li yanjiu 商周祭祖礼研究 (Research into the Ancestor Ritual of the Shang and Zhou). Beijing: Shangwu yinshuguan.Google Scholar
Ma, Chengyuan 馬承源. 1987. “Guanyu Shang Zhou guizu shiyong rigan chengwei de wenti 关于商周贵族使用日干称谓的问题” (Problems Concerning the Use of Sexegenary Cycle Names Among Shang and Zhou Aristocracy). In Wang Guowei xueshu yanjiu lunji er 王国维学术研究论集 二. Eds. Wu, Ze 吴泽, Yuan, Yingguangpp 袁英光 , pp. 1941. Shanghai: Huadong shifandaxue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Ma, Dezhi 马得志, Zhou, Yongzen 周永珍 and Zhang, Yunpeng 张云鹏. 1955. “1953 nian Anyang Dasikongcun fajue baogao 1953 年安阳大司空村发掘报告” (1953 Anyang Dasikongcun Excavation Report). Kaoguxuebao 9: 2589.Google Scholar
Maisels, C.K. 1990. The Emergence of Civilization: From Hunting and Gathering to Agriculture, Cities, and the State in the Near East. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Malpass, Michael. 1993. “Provincial Inca Archaeology and Ethnohistory: An Introduction.” In Provincial Inca: Archaeological and Ethnohistorical Assessment of the Impact of the Inca State. Ed. Malpass, Michael, pp. 116. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.Google Scholar
Mann, Michael. 1986. The Sources of Social Power: Volume 1: A History of Power from the Beginning to A.D. 1760. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Marcus, Joyce. 1998. “The Peaks and Valleys of Ancient States: An Extension of the Dynamic Model.” In Archaic States. Eds. Feinman, Gary and Marcus, Joyce, pp. 5994. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.Google Scholar
Marcus, Joyce and Feinman, Gary. “Introduction.1998. In Archaic States. Eds. Feinman, Gary and Marcus, Joyce, pp. 314. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.Google Scholar
Mauss, Marcel. 1973. “Techniques of the Body.” Economy and Society 2 (1): 7088.Google Scholar
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. 2002. Phenomenology of Perception. Trans. Colin Smith. London; New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Morris, Ian. 1992. Death Ritual and Social Structure in Classical Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Morris, Ian. 2000. Archaeology as Culture History: Words and Things in Iron Age Greece. Malden: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Mosley, Michael E. 2001. The Incas and their Ancestors: the Archaeology of Peru. London: Thames and Hudson.Google Scholar
Museum of History et al. (Archaeology Department, Chinese Museum of History; Shanxi Institute of Archaeology; Yuanqu County Museum) 中国历史博物馆考古部, 山西考古研究所, 垣曲县博物馆. 1996. Yuanqu Shangcheng (yi): 1985–1986 Niandu Kancha Baogao 垣曲商城 (一): 1985–1986年度勘查报告 (The Shang Period Walled Site at Yuanqu, (Volume 1): Report of Surveys, 1985–1986). Beijing: Kexue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Nienhauser, William H. ed. 1994. The Grand Scribe’s Records: Volume 1: The Basic Annals of Pre-Han China. Trans. Tsai-fa Cheng, Zongli Liu, William Nienhauser and Robert Reynolds. Taiper: SMC Publishing.Google Scholar
Niu, Shishan 牛世山. 2006. “Shangdai de Qiangfang 商代的羌方” (The Qiangfang of the Shang Dynasty). Shandai kaogu 2: 459471.Google Scholar
Nivison, David. 1993. “Chu shu chi nien 竹書紀年.” In Early Chinese Texts: A Bibliographic Guide. Ed. Loewe, Michael, pp. 3947. Berkeley: The Society For the Study of Early China and The Institute for East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
North, D. 1986. “A Neoclassical Theory of the State.” In Rational Choice. Ed. Elster, J., pp. 248260. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
O’Shea, John M. 1981. “Social Configurations and the Archaeological Study of Mortuary Practices: A Case Study.” In The Archaeology of Death. Ed. Chapman, Robert, Kinnes, Ian and Randsborg, Klavs, pp. 3952. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Parsons, Talcott. 1968. The Structure of Social Action. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Patterson, Orlando. 1982. Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Paynter, Robert. 1989. “The Archaeology of Equality and Inequality.” Annual Review of Anthropology 18: 369399.Google Scholar
Pearson, Michael Parker. 1999. The Archaeology of Death and Burial. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.Google Scholar
Peking University (Archaeology Team) 北京大学考古队. 1959. “1957 Nian Handan Fajue Jianbao 1957年邯郸发掘简报” (Preliminary Report of the 1957 Handan Excavation). Kaogu 10.Google Scholar
Peng, Ke and Zhu, Yanshi. 1995. New Research on the Origins of Cowries Used in Ancient China. Sino-Platonic Papers no. 68. Philadelphia: Department of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Pike, Kenneth. 1954. Language in Relation to a Unified Theory of the Structure of Human Behavior. Glendale, California: Summer Institute of Linguistics.Google Scholar
Polanyi, Michael. 1958. Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy. Republished 1998. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Possehl, Gregory. 1998. “Sociocultural Complexity without the State: The Indus Civilization.” In Archaic States. Eds. Feinman, Gary and Marcus, Joyce, pp. 261291. Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.Google Scholar
Puett, Michael J. 1998. “Sages, Ministers and Rebels: Narratives from Early China Concerning the Initial Creation of the State.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 58: 435479.Google Scholar
Puett, Michael J. 2001. The Ambivalence of Creation: Debates Concerning Innovation and Artifice in Early China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Puett, Michael J. 2002. To Become a God: Cosmology, Sacrifice and Self-Divinization in Early China. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center.Google Scholar
Pulleyblank, Edwin G. 2000. “Ji 姬 and Jiang 姜: The Role of Exogamous Clans in the Organization of the Zhou Polity.” Early China 25: 127.Google Scholar
Qiu, Shihua 仇士华, Cai, Lianzhen 蔡莲珍 and Zhang, Xuelian 张雪莲. 2006. “Guanyu Erlitou wenhua de niandai wenti 关于二里头文化的年代问题” (Questions Concerning the Dates of Erlitou Culture). In Erlitou yizhi yu Erlitou wenhua yanjiu 二里头遗址与二里头文化研究. Ed. Jinpeng, Du and Hong, Xu, pp. 321333. Beijing: Kexue Chubanshe.Google Scholar
Qiu, Xigui 裘锡圭. 1982. “Guanyu Shangdai de zongzu zuzhi yu guizu he pingming liangge jieji de chubu yanjiu 关于商代的宗族组织与贵族和平民两个阶级的初步研究” (Preliminary Research Concerning Shang Dynasty Lineages as well as Aristocrat and Commoner Classes). In Gudai wenshi yanjiu xintan 古代文史研究新探. Ed. Qiu Xigui 裘锡圭, pp. 290328. 2001. Nanjing: Jiangsu guji chubanshe.Google Scholar
Qiu, Xigui 1993. “Shuo Yinxu buci de ‘dian’ – shilun Shang ren chuzhi fushuzhe de yi zhong fangfa 說殷墟卜辭的’奠’—— 試論商人處置服屬者的一種方法(Explaining “Dian” in the Yinxu Divinatory Inscriptions: A Hypothesis that the Shang People Practiced Deportation). Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica 64(3): 659686.Google Scholar
Rao, Zongyi. 1959. Yindai zhenbu renwu tongkao 殷代貞卜人物通考 (A Comprehensive Study of the Yin Dynasty Diviners). Hong Kong: Too Hung Engraving and Printing Co.Google Scholar
Rawson, Jessica ed. 1996. Mysteries of Ancient China: New Discoveries from the Early Dynasties. London: British Museum.Google Scholar
Rawson, Jessica 1999. “Western Zhou Archaeology.” In The Cambridge History of Ancient China. Eds. Lowe, Michael and Shaughnessy, Edward, pp. 352449. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Renfrew, Colin. 1973. “Monuments, Mobilization and Social Organization in Neolithic Wessex.” In The Explanation of Culture Change: Models in Prehistory, pp. 539558. London: Duckworth.Google Scholar
Richards, Janet and Van Buren, Mary. 2000. “Introduction: Ideology, Wealth, and the Comparative Study of ‘Civilizations.’” In Order, Legitimacy, and Wealth in Ancient States. Eds. Richards, Janet and Van Buren, Mary pp. 1–3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Routledge, Bruce. 2014. Archaeology and State Theory: Subjects and Objects of Power. New York: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Sahlins, Marshall. 1963. “Poor Man, Rich Man, Big Man, Chief: Political Types in Melanesia and Polynesia.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 5: 285303.Google Scholar
Sahlins, Marshall. 1968. Tribesmen. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Saxe, A.A. 1970. “Social Dimensions of Mortuary Practices.” Unpublished PhD dissertation. University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Scarry, Elaine. 1985. The Body in Pain: The Making and Unmaking of the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Schaberg, David. 2001. A Patterned Past: Form and Thought in Early Chinese Historiography. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center.Google Scholar
Schwartz, Adam. 2015. “The Meaning and Function of the word Zhen 貞 ‘To Certify’ on the Ni Family Genealogy Bone Inscription, The Earliest Genealogy in the World.” In The Proceedings of the International Conference of Shang Dynasty and Early Chinese Civilization (Rutgers University, November 2011). Beijing: Xianzhuang shuju.Google Scholar
Sena, David. 2005. “Reproducing Society: Lineage and Kinship in Western Zhou China.” Unpublished PhD dissertation. Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, The University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Serruys, Paul L.M. 1974. “Studies in the Language of the Oracle Bone Inscriptions.” T’oung Pao. 60 (1–3): 12120.Google Scholar
Serruys, Paul L.M. 1981. “Towards a Grammar of the Language of the Shang Bone Inscriptions.” In Zhongyang yanjiuyan guoji Hanxue huiyi lunwenji: Yuyan wenzi zu. 中央研究院國際漢學會議論文集: 文字組. Ed. Academia Sinica, pp. 313364. Taipei: Academia Sinica.Google Scholar
Service, Elman. 1962. Primitive Social Organization. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Service, Elman. 1975. Origins of the State and Civilization: the Process of Cultural Evolution. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Service, Elman and Sahlins, Marshall eds. 1960. Evolution and Culture. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Shandong University (Center for the Study of Eastern Archaeology, Shandong Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Ji’nan Municipal Institute of Archaeology) Shandong daxue dongfang kaogu yanjiu zhongxin Shandongsheng wenwu kaogu yanjiusuo, Jinanshi kaogu yanjiusuo 山东大学东方考古研究中心, 山东省文物考古研究所, 济南市考古研究所. 2003. “Jinanshi Daxingzhuang yizhi chutu Shang jiaguwen 济南市大幸庄遗址出土商代甲骨文” (Oracle-bone Inscriptions Discovered at the Daxingzhuang Site, Jinan). Kaogu 6: 36.Google Scholar
Shanxi Team (Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) 中国社会科学院考古研究所山西队. 1980. “Shanxi Xiangfenxian Taosi yizhi fajue jianbao 山西襄汾县陶寺遗址发掘简报” (Preliminary Excavation Report of the Taosi Site, Xiangfenxian, Shanxi). Kaogu 1: 1831.Google Scholar
Shanxi Team 1983. “1978–1980 nian Shanxi Xianfen Taosi mudi fajue jianbao 1978–1980 年山 西襄汾陶寺墓地发掘简报” (Preliminary 1978–1990 Excavation Report of the Taosi Cemetery, Xiangfen, Shanxi). Kaogu 1: 3042.Google Scholar
Shaughnessy, Edward L. 1985–1987. “Extra-Lineage Cult in the Shang Dynasty: A Surrejoiner.” Early China 11–12: 183194.Google Scholar
Shaughnessy, Edward L. 1988. “Historical Perspectives on the Introduction of the Chariot into China.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 48 (1): 189237.Google Scholar
Shaughnessy, Edward L. 1989. “Historical Geography and the Extent of the Earliest Chinese Kingdoms.” Asia Major 2: 122.Google Scholar
Shaughnessy, Edward L. 1991. Sources of Western Zhou History: Inscribed Bronze Vessels. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Shaughnessy, Edward L. 1999. “Western Zhou History.” In The Cambridge History of Ancient China. Eds. Lowe, Michael and Shaughnessy, Edward, pp. 292351. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Shelach, Gideon. 1994. “Social Complexity in North China During the Early Bronze Age: A Comparative Study of the Erlitou and Lower Xiajiadian Cultures.” Asian Perspectives 33 (2): 261291.Google Scholar
Shelach, Gideon. 1996a. “The Qiang and the Question of Human Sacrifice in the Late Shang Period.” Asian Perspectives 35 (1): 126.Google Scholar
Shelach, Gideon. 1996b. “The Emergence of Complex Society in Northeast China from the Fourth to the First Millennia B.C.: A Perspective from the Chifeng Area of Inner Mongolia.” Unpublished PhD Dissertation. University of Pittsburgh.Google Scholar
Shelach, Gideon. 1999. Leadership Strategies, Economic Activity, and Interregional Interaction: Social Complexity in Northeast China. New York: Kluwer / Plenum.Google Scholar
Shelach, Gideon. 2009. Prehistoric Societies on the Northern Frontiers of China: Archaeological Perspectives on Identity Formation and Economic Change during the First Millennium BCE. London: Equinox.Google Scholar
Shelach-Lavi, Gideon. 2015. The Archaeology of Early China: From Prehistory to the Han Dynasty. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Shelach, Gideon and Jaffe, Yitzchak. 2014. “The Earliest States in China: A Long-Term Trajectory Approach.” Journal of Archaeological Reseach 22 (4): 327364.Google Scholar
Shen, Bin 申斌. 1985. “Shangdai kexue jishu de jinghua 商代科学技术的精华” (The Flower of Shang Dynasty Science and Technology). In Quan guo Shang shi xueshu lunwenji 全国商史学术讨论文集. Ed. Hu, Houxuan 胡厚宣. Anyang: Yindu xuekan bianjibu.Google Scholar
Shen, Bin 1991. “‘Fuhaomu’ yuqi cailiao tanyuan ‘妇好墓’ 玉器材料探源” (The Mineral Sources of the Fu Hao tomb jades). Zhongyuan wenwu 1: 7377.Google Scholar
Sherratt, Andrew. 2004. “Material Resources, Capital and Power: The Coevolution of Society and Culture.” In Archaeological Perspectives on Political Economies. Eds. Feinman, Gary and Nichols, Linda, pp. 79103. Salt Late City: University of Utah Press.Google Scholar
Shijie (Shijie yichan: zhongguo). 2008. Yinxu 殷墟. Beijing: Zhongguo duiwai fanyi chubangongshe.Google Scholar
Shima, Kunio 岛邦男. 1958. Inkyo bokuji kenkyū 殷墟卜辞研究 (Research on Yinxu Divinatory Inscriptions). Tokyo: Kyūko Shoin.Google Scholar
Smith, Adam. 2008. “Writing at Anyang: The Role of the Divination Record in the Emergence of Chinese Literacy.” Unpublished PhD dissertation. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Smith, Adam T. 2003. The Political Landscape: Constellations of Authority in Early Complex Polities. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Adam T. 2011. “Archaeologies of Sovereignty.” Annual Review of Anthropology 40: 415432.Google Scholar
Smith, Monica. 2003. “Introduction: The Social Construction of Ancient Cities.” In The Social Construction of Ancient Cities. Ed. Smith, Monica pp. 136. Washington: Smithsonian Books.Google Scholar
Song, Zhenhao 2005. 宋镇豪. Xia Shang shehui shenghuoshi 夏商社会生活史 (Xia, Shang Social History) 2 vols. Beijing: Zhongguo shehuikexue chubanshe.Google Scholar
Sontag, Susan. 2003. Regarding the Pain of Others. New York: Picador.Google Scholar
Steinke, Kyle ed. 2013. The Art and Archaeology of the Erligang Civilization. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Steward, Julien. 1953. “Evolution and Process.” In Anthropology Today. Ed. Kroeber, A.L., pp. 313326. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Steward, Julien. 1955. Theory of Culture Change. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Sun, Hua 孙华. 2009. Shang dai qianqi de guojia zhengti – cong Erligang wenhua chengzhi he gongshi jianzhu jizhi de jiaodu 商代前期的国家政体 ——从二里冈文化城址和宫室建筑基址的角度 (The Political Form of the Early Shang Dynasty State: From the Perspective of Erligang Culture Walled Sites and Palace Foundations). In Duowei shiyu – Shang wangchao yu Zhongguo zhaoqi wenming yanjiu. Eds. Zhichun, Jing, Jigen, Tang and Takashima, Ken-ichi, pp. 171197. Beijing: Kexue Chubanshe.Google Scholar
Szymanski, Richard and Agnew, John. 1981. Order and Skepticism: Human Geography and the Dialectic of Science. Washington: Association of American Geographers.Google Scholar
Tainter, Joseph. 1977. “Woodland Social Change in West-Central Illinois.” Mid-Continental Journal of Archaeology 2 (1): 6798.Google Scholar
Takashima, Ken-ichi. 1973. “Negatives in the King Wu Ting Bone Inscriptions.” Unpublished PhD dissertation. University of Washington.Google Scholar
Tambiah, Stanley. 1977. “The Galactic Polity: the Structure of Traditional Kingdoms in Southeast Asia.” In Anthropology and the Climate of Opinion. Ed. Freed, Stanley, pp. 6997. New York: New York Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Tambiah, Stanley. 1985. “The Galactic Polity in Southeast Asia.” In Culture Thought, and Social Action: An Anthropological Perspective, pp. 331. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Tang, Jigen 唐际根. 1998. “Yinxu Jiazu Mudi Chutan殷墟家族墓地初探” (A Preliminary Exploration to the Lineage-based burials in Yinxu). In偃师国际商文化讨论会论文集Papers of the International Symposium on Shang Material Culture in Yanshi, China. Encyclopedia Press: Beijing, China.Google Scholar
Tang, Jigen 2004. “The Social Organization of Late Shang China: a Mortuary Perspective.” Unpublished PhD dissertation. University of London.Google Scholar
Tang, Jigen 2005a. “Yinxu Shangdai Chutu Haibei de Jizhong Tongji Jieguo殷墟商代出土海贝 的几种统计结果 (The Results of a Number of Statistical Analyses of Cowry Shells from Shang Dynasty Yinxu).” Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Tang, Jigen 2005b. “The True Face of Antiquity: Anyang Yinxu Sacrificial Pits and the Dark Side of ‘Three Dynasties Civilization.’” Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Tang, Jigen 唐际根 and Jing, Zhicun 荆志淳. 2009. “Anyang de ‘Shang yi’ yu ‘Da Yi Shang’ 安阳的”商邑”与”大邑商” (Anyang’s Shang Settlements and the Great Settlement Shang). Kaogu 9: 7080.Google Scholar
Taylor, Walter. 1948. A Study of Archaeology. Menasha: Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 69.Google Scholar
Thorp, Robert. 1988. “The Archaeology of Style at Anyang: Tomb 5 in Context.” Archives of Asian Art 41: 4769.Google Scholar
Thorp, Robert. 1991. “Erlitou and the Search for the Xia.” Early China 16: 138.Google Scholar
Thorp, Robert. 2006. China in the Early Bronze Age: Shang Civilization. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Tilley, Christopher. 1984. “Ideology and the Legitimation of Power in the Middle Neolithic of Southern Sweden.” In Ideology, Power and Prehistory. Eds. Miller, Daniel and Tilley, Christopher, pp. 111146. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tong, Weihua 佟伟华. 2003. “Shangdai qianqi Yuanqu pendi tongzhi zhongxin – Yuanqu Shangcheng” 商代前期垣曲盆地统治中心 – 垣曲商城 (The Control Center of the Early Shang Dyansty Yuanqu Basian: Yuanqu Shangcheng). In Shang wenhua lunwenji 商文化论文集. 2 volumes. Ed. Boqian, Li, pp. 455469. Bejing: Wenwu Chubanshe.Google Scholar
Trigger, Bruce. 1989. A History of Archaeological Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Trigger, Bruce. 1999. “Shang Political Organization: A Comparative Approach.” Journal of East Asian Archaeology 1: 4362.Google Scholar
Trigger, Bruce. 2003. Understanding Early Civilizations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ucko, P.J. 1969. “Ethnography and Archaeological Interpretation of Funerary Remains.” World Archaeology 1 (2): 262290.Google Scholar
Underhill, Anne P. 2002. Craft Production and Social Change in Northern China. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
Underhill, Anne P. 2006. “Warfare and the Development of States in China.” In The Archaeology of Warfare: Prehistories of Raiding and Conquest. Eds. Arkush, Elizabeth and Allen, Mark, pp. 331. Gainesville: University Press of Florida.Google Scholar
Underhill, Anne and Fang, Hui. 2004. “Early State Economic Systems in China.” In Archaeological Perspectives on Political Economies. Eds. Feinman, Gary and Nichols, Linda, pp. 119132. Salt Late City: University of Utah Press.Google Scholar
Vandermeersch, Léon. 1977. Wangdao ou la Voie Royale: Recherches sur L’espirit des Institutions de la Chine Archaique. Tome I: Structures Cultuelles et Structures Familiales. Paris: Ecole Francaise D’extrême-Orient.Google Scholar
Wagner, Donald. 2001. The State and the Iron Industry in Han China. Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Publishing.Google Scholar
Wang, Haicheng. 2014. Writing and the Ancient State: Early China in Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wang, Ming-ke. 1992. “The Ch’iang of ancient China through the Han Dynasty: Ecological Frontiers and Ethnic Boundaries.” Unpublished PhD dissertation. Harvard, EALC.Google Scholar
Watson, James. Ed. 1997. Golden Arches East: McDonalds in East Asia. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Weber, Max. 1964. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. Ed. Parsons, Talcott. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Wheatley, Paul. 1971. Pivot of the Four Quarters: A Preliminary Inquiry into the Origin and Character of the Ancient Chinese City. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Wheeler, Edd. 1988. “The Battle of Hastings: Math, Myth and Melee.” Military Affairs 56(3): 234247.Google Scholar
White, Leslie. 1949. The Science of Culture. New York: Farrar, Straus.Google Scholar
White, Leslie. 1959. The Evolution of Culture. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Willey, G.R. and Phillips, P.. 1958. Method and Theory in American Archaeology. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Wrangham, R. and Peterson, D.. 1996. Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.Google Scholar
Wright, Henry. 1977. “Recent Research on the Origins of the State.” Annual Review of Anthropology 6: 379397.Google Scholar
Wrong, Dennis. 1988. Power: Its Forms, Bases and Uses. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Xia, Hanyi 夏含夷 (Shaughnessy, Edward L.). 2005a. Gushi yibian 古史異觀. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe.Google Scholar
Xia, Hanyi 2005b. “Zaoqi Shang Zhou guanxi ji qi dui Wuding yi hou Yin-Shang wangshi shilifanwei de yiyi 早期商周关系及其对武丁以后殷商王室势力范围的意义” (Early Shang and Zhou Relations and Their Significance for the Shang Court’s Sphere of Influence after Wuding.” In Gushi yi guan 古史異觀. Ed. Xia Hanyi, pp. 118. Shanghai: Shanghai guji chubanshe.Google Scholar
Xu, Hong 许宏, Chen, Guoliang 陈国梁, Zhao, Haitao 赵海涛2005. “A Preliminary Investigation of the Settlement Pattern of the Erlitou Site.” Trans. Zhang Liangren. Chinese Archaeology 5: 1318. (Originally published in Kaogu 2004 11: 23–31).Google Scholar
Xu, Jay. 2008. “The Sanxingdui Site: Art and Archaeology.” Unpublished PhD dissertation, Department of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University.Google Scholar
Yan, Yunxiang. 1996. The Flow of Gifts: Reciprocity and Social Networks in a Chinese Village. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Yan, Zhibin 嚴志斌. 2006. Shangdai qingtongqi mingwen yanjiu 商代青銅器銘文研究 (Research into Shang Dynasty Bronze Vessel Inscriptions), dissertation, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Archaeology.Google Scholar
Yao, Xiaosui 姚孝遂. 1979. “Shangdai de fulu 商代的俘虜.” Guwenzi yanjiu 1: 337390.Google Scholar
Yates, Robin. 1997. “The City-State in Ancient China.” In The Archaeology of City-States: Cross Cultural Approaches. Ed. Nichols, Deborah and Charlton, Thomas pp. 7190. Washington: Smithsonian Institute Press.Google Scholar
Yoffee, Norman. 2005. Myths of the Archaic State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
You, Rende 尤仁德. 2002. Zhongguo gudai yuqi 中国古代玉器 (A General Survey of Ancient Jade Artifacts). Beijing: Zijinchen chubanshe.Google Scholar
Young, C.C. and Liu, T.S.. 1949. “Anyang Yinxu zhi buru dongwuqun buyi 安阳殷墟之 哺乳动物群補遺” (Addendum to the Mammalian Animal Assemblage at Anyang, Yinxu). ZhongguoKaoguxuebao 4: 143145.Google Scholar
Yuan, Guangkuo 袁广阔 and Zeng, Xiaomin 曾晓敏. 2004. “Lun Zhengzhou Shangcheng neicheng he waicheng guanxi 论郑州商城内城和外郭城关系” (A Discussion of the Relationship Between the Inner and Outer Walls at Zhengzhou Shangcheng). Kaogu 3: 5967.Google Scholar
Yuan, Guangkuo 2005. “Relationship between the Inner and Outer Walls at the Zhengzhou Shang City.” Trans. Rod Campbell. Chinese Archaeology 5: 188191.Google Scholar
Yuan, Jing and Campbell, Roderick 2009. “Recent Archaeometric Research on the ‘Origins of Chinese Civilization.’Antiquity 83: 96109.Google Scholar
Yuan, Jing and Flad, Rowan. 2005. “New Zooarchaeological Evidence for Changes in Shang Dynasty Animal Sacrifice.” Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 24 (3): 252–70.Google Scholar
YZJWJC (Yin Zhou Jinwen Jicheng). 1984. 殷周金文集成 (Collection of Yin and Zhou Bronze Inscriptions). 18 vols. 中国社会科学院考古所 Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Archaeology. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.Google Scholar
Zhang, Changping. 2013. “Erligang: A Perspective from Panlongcheng.” In The Art and Archaeology of Erligang. Ed. Steinke, Kyle, pp. 5166. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Zhang, Changshou 张长寿and Zhang, Guangzhi 张光直. 1997. “Henan Shangqiu Diqu Shang Wenhua Diaocha Yanjiu Chubu Baogao河南商丘地区殷商文明调查研究初步报告” (Preliminary Report on the Investigations into Shang Civilization in Shangqiu District, Henan). 考古Kaogu 4: 2431.Google Scholar
Zhang, Li 张莉. 2012. “Cong Longshan dao Erlitou – yi Songshan nan bei wei zhongxin” 从龙山到二里头——以嵩山南北为中心 (From the Longshan to Erlitou: Focussing on the North and South of Mount Song). Unpublished PhD dissertation. School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University.Google Scholar
Zhang, Peishan 张培善. 1982. “Anyang Yinxu Fuhao mu zhong yuqi yushi de jianding 安阳殷墟妇好墓中玉器宝石的鉴定” (Mineralogical Identification of the Jade Artifacts from Fu Hao’s Tomb, Anyang, Yinxu). Kaogu 2: 204206.Google Scholar
Zhang, Yongshan 張永山. 2000. “cong buci zhong de Yiyin kan ‘min bu si fei zu’ 从卜辞中的伊尹看’民不祀非族’” (Examining ‘one does not sacrifice to the ancestors of others’ from Yi Yin in the Oracle-bone Inscriptions). 古文字研究 Guwenzi yanjiu 22: 15.Google Scholar
Zhang, Zhenglang 张政烺. 1973. “buci pou tian ji qi xiangguan zhu wenti卜辞裒田及其相关诸问题” (Farming in the Oracle-bones and Related Issues). Kaoguxuebao 1: 93118.Google Scholar
Zhao, Cheng 赵诚. 1988. Jiaguwen jianming cidian – buci fenlei duben 甲骨文简明词典 – 卜辞分类读本 (Abridged Oracle-bone Dictionary: A Categorized Inscription Reader). Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.Google Scholar
Zhao, Cheng 1994. Shangdai dili gailun 商代地理概论 (Outline of Shang Dynasty Geography). Zhengzhou: Zhongzhou guji chubanshe.Google Scholar
Zheng, Jiexiang 郑杰祥. 1994. Shangdai dili gailun 商代地理概论 (An Outline of Shang Dynasty Geography). Zhengzhou: Zhongzhou guji chubanshe.Google Scholar
Zhengzhou Institute (Zhengzhou Municipal Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology) 郑州市文物考古研究所. 2004. Zhengzhou Dashigu 2002–2003 郑州大师姑 2002–2003. Beijing: Science Press.Google Scholar
Zhu, Fenghang 朱凤瀚. 1991. Shang Zhou Jiazu Xingtai Yanjiu 商周家族形态研究 A Study of the Family Patterns of Shang and Western Zhou China. Reprint. Tianjin: Tianjin Guji Press. 2004.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • References
  • Roderick Campbell, New York University
  • Book: Violence, Kinship and the Early Chinese State
  • Online publication: 25 May 2018
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108178563.012
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • References
  • Roderick Campbell, New York University
  • Book: Violence, Kinship and the Early Chinese State
  • Online publication: 25 May 2018
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108178563.012
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • References
  • Roderick Campbell, New York University
  • Book: Violence, Kinship and the Early Chinese State
  • Online publication: 25 May 2018
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108178563.012
Available formats
×