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11 - Molecular imaging of major depression

from Section II - Mood Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2011

By
Julia Sacher  and
Gwenn S. Smith
Edited by
Martha E. Shenton  and
Bruce I. Turetsky
Julia Sacher
Affiliation:
PET Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON, Canada
Gwenn S. Smith
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA
Martha E. Shenton
Affiliation:
VA Boston Healthcare System and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
Bruce I. Turetsky
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
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Summary

Introduction

The initial publications of monoamine receptor binding in the living human brain in the mid 1980s and the progress in neurochemical brain imaging since that time have had a profound influence on our ability to test hypotheses generated from clinical observations, preclinical and post-mortem data regarding the neurochemistry of neuropsychiatric disorders in the living human brain (Wagner et al.,1983; Wong et al., 1984; Arnett et al., 1986). Progress in radiotracer chemistry and instrumentation over the past 20 years has enabled us to test mechanistic hypotheses about pathophysiology, as well as to understand the mechanism of action of psychotropic medications.

The primary focus of radiochemistry development for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) has been dopamine and serotonin neurotransmission (including imaging of neurotransmitter metabolism/synthesis, transporters and receptors). Major advances have been made in areas including cholinergic (muscarinic and nicotinic), glutamatergic (Brown et al., 2008), and opiate systems (Hashimoto et al., 2008; Hirvonen et al., 2009; Reid et al., 2008; Sorger et al., 2008). More recently, the focus of radiotracer development has broadened to include molecular targets such as signal transduction, inflammation and aspects of neuropathology such as amyloid deposition (Vasdev et al., 2008; Fujita et al., 2008; Suhara et al., 2008). Other more challenging targets of interest for which radiotracers continue to be in development include receptors and transporters for norepinephrine, corticotrophin-releasing factor and the hypothalamo-pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and neurogenesis (Schou et al., 2007; Steiniger et al., 2008; Sullivan et al., 2007).

Keywords

depressiondepressive illnessdopaminesingle photon emission computed tomographyserotoninpositron emission tomographyneurochemical brain imagingneurotransmitter system
Type
Chapter
Information
Understanding Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Insights from Neuroimaging
 , pp. 170 - 196
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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