“Federalism and Its Fault Lines” uncovers the various definitions of federalism and explores how the different federal models work by observing some of the countries that follow it. It answers questions such as: Is federalism as a model of governance the best option for Nigeria? How are people being affected by Nigeria’s current model of federalism? In what ways can the system be improved or transformed to better serve the people of Nigeria? And finally, what components of federalist structures in other countries should Nigeria grasp onto? The chapter takes a closer look at Nigeria’s practice of federalism, the history behind it, and what it lacks today in comparison to other countries. While the political history of Nigeria and the USA are at variance, the need for checks and balances through power division is among the cues the Nigerian federal system can adopt because properly instituted federalism practiced with a properly crafted constitution that effectively spells out ways of performing democracy are ways through which human life can be enhanced in Nigeria. Also, the devolution of power helps to create more capable power holds and engender more growth through healthy competitions.