Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Foreword
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Contributors
- 1 Mechanisms and Demographics in Trauma
- 2 Trauma Airway Management
- 3 Shock Management
- 4 Establishing Vascular Access in the Trauma Patient
- 5 Monitoring the Trauma Patient
- 6 Fluid and Blood Therapy in Trauma
- 7 Massive Transfusion Protocols in Trauma Care
- 8 Blood Loss: Does It Change My Intravenous Anesthetic?
- 9 Pharmacology of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents and Their Reversal in Trauma Patients
- 10 Anesthesia Considerations for Abdominal Trauma
- 11 Head Trauma – Anesthesia Considerations and Management
- 12 Intensive Care Unit Management of Pediatric Brain Injury
- 13 Surgical Considerations for Spinal Cord Trauma
- 14 Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Trauma
- 15 Musculoskeletal Trauma
- 16 Anesthetic Considerations for Orthopedic Trauma
- 17 Cardiac and Great Vessel Trauma
- 18 Anesthesia Considerations for Cardiothoracic Trauma
- 19 Intraoperative One-Lung Ventilation for Trauma Anesthesia
- 20 Burn Injuries (Critical Care in Severe Burn Injury)
- 21 Anesthesia for Burns
- 22 Field Anesthesia and Military Injury
- 23 Eye Trauma and Anesthesia
- 24 Pediatric Trauma and Anesthesia
- 25 Trauma in the Elderly
- 26 Trauma in Pregnancy
- 27 Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma
- 28 Damage Control in Severe Trauma
- 29 Hypothermia in Trauma
- 30 ITACCS Management of Mechanical Ventilation in Critically Injured Patients
- 31 Trauma and Regional Anesthesia
- 32 Ultrasound Procedures in Trauma
- 33 Use of Echocardiography and Ultrasound in Trauma
- 34 Pharmacologic Management of Acute Pain in Trauma
- 35 Posttrauma Chronic Pain
- 36 Trauma Systems, Triage, and Transfer
- 37 Teams, Team Training, and the Role of Simulation in Trauma Training and Management
- Index
- Plate section
- References
1 - Mechanisms and Demographics in Trauma
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 18 January 2010
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Foreword
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Contributors
- 1 Mechanisms and Demographics in Trauma
- 2 Trauma Airway Management
- 3 Shock Management
- 4 Establishing Vascular Access in the Trauma Patient
- 5 Monitoring the Trauma Patient
- 6 Fluid and Blood Therapy in Trauma
- 7 Massive Transfusion Protocols in Trauma Care
- 8 Blood Loss: Does It Change My Intravenous Anesthetic?
- 9 Pharmacology of Neuromuscular Blocking Agents and Their Reversal in Trauma Patients
- 10 Anesthesia Considerations for Abdominal Trauma
- 11 Head Trauma – Anesthesia Considerations and Management
- 12 Intensive Care Unit Management of Pediatric Brain Injury
- 13 Surgical Considerations for Spinal Cord Trauma
- 14 Anesthesia for Spinal Cord Trauma
- 15 Musculoskeletal Trauma
- 16 Anesthetic Considerations for Orthopedic Trauma
- 17 Cardiac and Great Vessel Trauma
- 18 Anesthesia Considerations for Cardiothoracic Trauma
- 19 Intraoperative One-Lung Ventilation for Trauma Anesthesia
- 20 Burn Injuries (Critical Care in Severe Burn Injury)
- 21 Anesthesia for Burns
- 22 Field Anesthesia and Military Injury
- 23 Eye Trauma and Anesthesia
- 24 Pediatric Trauma and Anesthesia
- 25 Trauma in the Elderly
- 26 Trauma in Pregnancy
- 27 Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma
- 28 Damage Control in Severe Trauma
- 29 Hypothermia in Trauma
- 30 ITACCS Management of Mechanical Ventilation in Critically Injured Patients
- 31 Trauma and Regional Anesthesia
- 32 Ultrasound Procedures in Trauma
- 33 Use of Echocardiography and Ultrasound in Trauma
- 34 Pharmacologic Management of Acute Pain in Trauma
- 35 Posttrauma Chronic Pain
- 36 Trauma Systems, Triage, and Transfer
- 37 Teams, Team Training, and the Role of Simulation in Trauma Training and Management
- Index
- Plate section
- References
Summary
Objectives
The aim of this chapter is to put trauma in context as a major health issue and give practitioners an understanding of the underlying causes and mechanisms.
INTRODUCTION
Injury is the leading cause of death in people aged between 1 and 44 years in the United States and a leading cause of death worldwide [1]. It can be defined as a “physical harm or damage to the structure or function of the body, caused by an acute exchange of energy (mechanical, chemical, thermal, radioactive, or biological) that exceeds the body's tolerance” [2, 3].
In 2002, 33 million patients were processed by emergency departments in the United States, and 161,269 died by traumatic injury [4]. Trauma is the leading cause of years of potential life lost for people younger than 75 years and this implies a huge expense to the health care system and massive amounts of resources used for care and rehabilitation [5].
Demographics is the statistical study of human populations, especially with reference to size and density, distribution, and vital statistics. Data on the demographics of trauma in the United States have been obtained from a number of sources listed in the references to this chapter.
ALCOHOL
In a recent report from the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) Uniform Crime Reporting Program, the FBI estimated that more than 1.4 million drivers were arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol or narcotics, and an estimated 254,000 persons were injured in crashes where police reported that alcohol was present – an average of one person injured approximately every two minutes.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Trauma Anesthesia , pp. 1 - 8Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008
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