The SPS and TBT Agreements set obligations to rationalise the development of behind-the-border measures in WTO Members. Because of the myriad of domestic measures that may fall under these disciplines, a detailed understanding of domestic measures and their rationale is essential to ensure effective implementation of the two Agreements. The SPS and TBT transparency frameworks allow all WTO Members to gain the necessary information and reach such an understanding. This chapter makes an in-depth presentation of the transparency requirements of the SPS and TBT Agreements and the potential role they may play in both informing Members and allowing them to exchange on their policies at an early level of the regulatory process. It defines the purpose, scope of application and typology of transparency mechanisms that exist under the frameworks of the two Agreements.