In an ideal world, our research efforts would be omnific in nature, pursuing every conceivable scientific trajectory to understand the world with near-perfect precision. But limited by resources, this world does not exist. While we are nowhere near this state of omniscience, our understanding of the mechanisms by which medical science progresses have increased substantially over time. In fact, this knowledge is only likely to grow. The question is, given our knowledge of what influences the rate and direction, are we morally obligated to act upon this knowledge and adjust the trajectory? Chapter 23 reflects on whether medical science is truly morally neutral, the social role of science more broadly, and how we should define "true" progress in medical science going forward.