Normal development and physiology of the immune system

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511544798.004

1 - Normal development and physiology of the immune system

from Part I - Scientific basis of pediatric HIV care

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 February 2010

Sherilyn Smith and

Ann J. Melvin

Edited by

Steven L. Zeichner and

Jennifer S. Read

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Sherilyn Smith: Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, WA
Ann J. Melvin: Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Seattle, WA
Steven L. Zeichner: Affiliation:
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
Jennifer S. Read: Affiliation:
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland

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Summary

Overview

Clinicians involved in the care of children with HIV infection are faced with the dual challenge of understanding the effect of HIV on the immune system and applying this knowledge to patients who, even under normal circumstances, have an immature and changing immune response. Understanding the function of the immune system and the developmental differences in the immune system of children compared with adults will facilitate and improve patient care. This knowledge will aid in effectively interpreting laboratory results, help define disease risk, and improve the understanding of the manifestations and outcome of HIV infection in children. This chapter provides a framework for understanding the unique features of the developing pediatric immune system and how it may affect the course of HIV infection in children.

The functions of the vertebrate immune system include discrimination between self and foreign antigens, the development of a memory response to antigens, recognition of neoplasms and the elimination of pathogens that invade the host. The immune system can be divided into two separate components based on the rapidity and specificity of the response. The “innate arm” of the immune system provides a rapid, non-specific response to pathogens and provides the first line of defense against invading microbes. It also acts as a surveillance system and facilitates the initiation of the antigen-specific phase of the immune system.

Type: Chapter
Information: Textbook of Pediatric HIV Care , pp. 5 - 19

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544798.004 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2005

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