Diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in children

doi:10.1017/CBO9780511544798.010

7 - Diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in children

from Part II - General issues in the care of pediatric HIV patients

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 February 2010

Paul Krogstad

Edited by

Steven L. Zeichner and

Jennifer S. Read

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Paul Krogstad: Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
Steven L. Zeichner: Affiliation:
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
Jennifer S. Read: Affiliation:
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland

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Summary

Effective management of pediatric HIV-1 infection begins with timely and accurate diagnosis. In infants, early diagnosis is essential. Life-threatening immunodeficiency can develop rapidly and unpredictably, and there are no laboratory or clinical characteristics that accurately predict rapid or slow disease progression [1]. Studies in adults and children have shown that very early treatment can slow the progression of immunodeficiency and preserve HIV-1-specific immune responses. Early detection of HIV-1 infection among pregnant women is necessary to optimize medical care for the HIV-1-infected woman and to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1. This chapter outlines the use of serology, virus culture, and molecular diagnostic methods to detect HIV-1 infection in children.

HIV-1 diagnostic assays

Detection of antibodies to HIV-1

In 1985, enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) and immunoblot (Western blot) assays were licensed in the USA for detection of HIV-1-specific IgG antibodies in serum. While other tests are now available, they remain the mainstay for serological diagnosis of infection.

A large number of ELISA-based testing kits for antibody detection of HIV-1 specific antibodies are currently licensed by the US Food and Drug Administration. Early examples employed lysates from HIV-1-infected cell culture to provide HIV-1 antigen material. More recently developed assays often use a mixture of recombinant proteins, and some contain antigens that permit detection of antibodies to HIV-2 as well as antibody responses to HIV-1 (see below).

Type: Chapter
Information: Textbook of Pediatric HIV Care , pp. 105 - 110

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544798.010 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2005

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