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20 - Synaptogenesis

from Section B1 - Neural repair

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2012

Matthew S. Kayser
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Matthew B. Dalva
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Michael Selzer
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
Stephanie Clarke
Affiliation:
Université de Lausanne, Switzerland
Leonardo Cohen
Affiliation:
National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
Pamela Duncan
Affiliation:
University of Florida
Fred Gage
Affiliation:
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego
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Summary

Synaptic connections are highly specialized sites of cell–cell contact that allow information to pass between neurons. Each central nervous system (CNS) neuron must form thousands of these connections for proper brain function. The establishment of neuronal contacts during development is a precise and specific phenomenon, in which axons are guided to the vicinity of their targets and appropriate pre- and postsynaptic partners are able to connect. The signaling cascades and molecular interactions regulating synaptogenesis must provide for synapse formation to occur between the correct cells, on the correct portion of a cell, and with the correct alignment of essential components within a synapse. Following contact, some nascent synapses stabilize and mature while others are lost, resulting in a dynamic neuronal circuitry thought to underlie information processing and storage.

In this chapter, we detail the process of synapse development, focusing on the signaling and molecular cues involved in the formation of mammalian central excitatory synapses. We provide an overview of synapse structure and describe the initial contact between axon and dendrite. We then discuss the differentiation of those pre- and postsynaptic compartments, and the large number of molecules implicated in the regulation of synaptogenesis. Finally, we address how activity might be involved in the formation and/or maturation of synaptic contacts, and how control of this intricate process might differ in young animals compared to adults or following neural injury.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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  • Synaptogenesis
    • By Matthew S. Kayser, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Matthew B. Dalva, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
  • Edited by Michael Selzer, University of Pennsylvania, Stephanie Clarke, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland, Leonardo Cohen, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Pamela Duncan, University of Florida, Fred Gage, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego
  • Book: Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation
  • Online publication: 05 March 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511545061.023
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  • Synaptogenesis
    • By Matthew S. Kayser, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Matthew B. Dalva, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
  • Edited by Michael Selzer, University of Pennsylvania, Stephanie Clarke, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland, Leonardo Cohen, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Pamela Duncan, University of Florida, Fred Gage, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego
  • Book: Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation
  • Online publication: 05 March 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511545061.023
Available formats
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Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Synaptogenesis
    • By Matthew S. Kayser, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Matthew B. Dalva, Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
  • Edited by Michael Selzer, University of Pennsylvania, Stephanie Clarke, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland, Leonardo Cohen, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, Pamela Duncan, University of Florida, Fred Gage, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego
  • Book: Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation
  • Online publication: 05 March 2012
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511545061.023
Available formats
×